{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,2]],"date-time":"2026-06-02T05:54:16Z","timestamp":1780379656762,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,2]],"date-time":"2024-02-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1706832000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Pharmacol."],"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:bold>Objective:<\/jats:bold> This study explores the 22-year evolution of Infantile Hemangiomas (IHs) treatment strategies at a single-center hospital, aiming to establish an individualized IHs management protocol.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Methods:<\/jats:bold> Retrospective review of IHs infants 2000\u20132022 at the Department of Plastic Surgery, Jiangxi Provincial Children\u2019s Hospital.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Results:<\/jats:bold> In our study of 27,513 IHs cases, 72.2% were female, with the median age at first hospital visit being 25 days. The majority of cases had localized and superficial lesions primarily on the head, face, and neck (67.5%). Ulceration rates fell from 21.1% to 12.6% with the introduction of propranolol. Management strategies have shifted over time, with the proportion of cases undergoing expectant management dropping from 32.9% to 12.4%. Since 2008, 26.1% of patients were treated with oral propranolol, largely replacing corticosteroids. Topical <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>-blockers have been used in 12.1% of cases, leading to a reduction in local injection therapy from 20.8% to 13.2%. Laser therapy, introduced in 2016, has been used in 13.8% of cases, while surgical excision has dropped from 25.0% to 8.5% due to alternative treatment options. Combination therapy was used in 8.8% of cases post-2015, indicating a rising trend. Drawing from the evolution of IHs management strategies, an individualized protocol for the management of IHs was successfully established.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusion:<\/jats:bold> Treatment for IHs has evolved over recent decades, with less invasive medical interventions increasingly replacing more invasive methods. Furthermore, a personalized treatment protocol established in this study could boost the cure rate of IHs while minimizing potential side effects and complications.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2024.1280948","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,2]],"date-time":"2024-02-02T04:16:36Z","timestamp":1706847396000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Historical and contemporary management of infantile hemangiomas: a single-center experience"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Yun","family":"Zou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhiping","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pingliang","family":"Jin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ronghua","family":"Fu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jun","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hanxiang","family":"Bai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mengyu","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiangqun","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hua","family":"Yuan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.14958","article-title":"Pre-eclampsia and risk of infantile haemangioma","volume":"176","author":"Auger","year":"2017","journal-title":"Br. 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