{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,11]],"date-time":"2026-04-11T00:55:34Z","timestamp":1775868934611,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,17]],"date-time":"2024-04-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1713312000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100017950","name":"Shanghai Municipal Health Commission","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["202140065"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202140065"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100017950","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100016084","name":"Shanghai Pharmacological Society","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2023-04"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023-04"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100016084","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Pharmacol."],"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:bold>Introduction:<\/jats:bold> We investigated trends in the use of therapeutic drugs for pregnant patients with rheumatic diseases in nine Chinese cities (Beijing, Chengdu, Guangzhou, Harbin, Hangzhou, Shanghai, Shenyang, Tianjin, and Zhengzhou) to provide a reference for drug use in clinic.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Methods:<\/jats:bold> Outpatient prescription data for pregnant patients diagnosed with rheumatic diseases in nine cities across China in 2016\u20132021 were extracted from the Hospital Prescription Cooperation Project of the Hospital Pharmacy Professional Committee of the Chinese Pharmaceutical Association. A retrospective analysis was then performed, incorporating data on patient age, defined daily doses (DDDs), defined daily cost (DDC), and other metrics.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Results:<\/jats:bold> In 2016\u20132020, more than 70% of the pregnant patients diagnosed with rheumatic diseases in these nine cities were 25 to &amp;lt; 35\u00a0years of age. The most common rheumatic diseases during pregnancy were antiphospholipid antibody syndrome (APS) and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). In terms of the routine use of daily therapeutic drugs, the DDDs of low molecular weight heparins (LMWHs), glucocorticoids, and immunosuppressive agents dominated the top three. Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) and tumor necrosis factor inhibitors (TNFi) have been used since 2019 and had been in the forefront of the DDC.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusion:<\/jats:bold> The number and total cost of prescriptions for therapeutic drugs of pregnancy complicated by rheumatic diseases, have increased significantly over the study interval. Conventional therapeutic drugs, especially glucocorticoids, LMWHs, and hydroxychloroquine were the most widely used drugs in pregnant patients with rheumatic diseases. However, IVIG and TNFi, relatively high cost, have shown gradual increases in clinical use since 2019.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2024.1353293","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,17]],"date-time":"2024-04-17T04:20:50Z","timestamp":1713327650000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Real-world pharmacological treatment of pregnant patients with rheumatic diseases from China: a retrospective analysis from 2016 to 2021"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Ji-Ning","family":"Jia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xian-Li","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e287","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0000000000003176","article-title":"ACOG committee opinion No. 776: immune modulating therapies in pregnancy and lactation","volume":"133","author":"Acog","year":"2019","journal-title":"Obstet. 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