{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,21]],"date-time":"2026-01-21T16:16:57Z","timestamp":1769012217196,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,25]],"date-time":"2024-06-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1719273600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007194","name":"Wenzhou Municipal Science and Technology Bureau","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ZY2023030 Y20220948"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZY2023030 Y20220948"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007194","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Pharmacol."],"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:bold>Background:<\/jats:bold> Remimazolam, a new ultrashort-acting benzodiazepine, is becoming increasingly applied in general anesthesia. This study is designed to investigate the effect of remimazolam-based total intravenous anesthesia and sevoflurane-based inhalation anesthesia on emergence delirium in pediatric tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Methods and analysis:<\/jats:bold> This is a monocentric, prospective, randomized, double-blind clinical trial. A total of 90 pediatric patients will be randomized to receive remimazolam-based total intravenous anesthesia (remimazolam group, n = 45) or sevoflurane-based inhalation anesthesia (sevoflurane group, n = 45). The primary outcome will be the incidence of emergence delirium, which will be evaluated using the Pediatric Anesthesia Emergence Delirium (PAED) scale. The secondary outcomes include the extubation time, recovery time, behavior change using the post-hospitalization behavior questionnaire for ambulatory surgery (PHBQ-AS), and adverse events.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Ethics and dissemination:<\/jats:bold> This study has been approved by the Institutional Review Board (IRB) of the Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children\u2019s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University (2023-K-262-02).<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Clinical trial registration:<\/jats:bold><jats:ext-link>ClinicalTrials.gov<\/jats:ext-link>, identifier NCT06214117.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2024.1373006","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,25]],"date-time":"2024-06-25T04:38:18Z","timestamp":1719290298000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["The effect of remimazolam-based total intravenous anesthesia versus sevoflurane-based inhalation anesthesia on emergence delirium in children undergoing tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy: study protocol for a prospective randomized controlled trial"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Hong-Yu","family":"Ma","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yu-Hang","family":"Cai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"John Wei","family":"Zhong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jia","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhen","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chao-Yi","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Qiao-Qiao","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hua-Cheng","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1111\/pan.12090","article-title":"Emergence delirium in children: a randomized trial to compare total intravenous anesthesia with propofol and remifentanil to inhalational sevoflurane anesthesia","volume":"23","author":"Chandler","year":"2013","journal-title":"Paediatr. 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