{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]],"date-time":"2026-08-25T20:26:47Z","timestamp":1787689607472,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":162,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,30]],"date-time":"2024-05-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1717027200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Pharmacol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Sodium nitrite (NaNO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    ) is a widely used food ingredient, although excessive concentrations can pose potential health risks. In the present study, we evaluated the deterioration effects of NaNO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    additives on hematology, metabolic profile, liver function, and kidney function of male Wistar rats. We further explored the therapeutic potential of supplementation with\n                    <jats:italic>S. costus<\/jats:italic>\n                    root ethanolic extract (SCREE) to improve NaNO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    -induced hepatorenal toxicity. In this regard, 65 adult male rats were divided into eight groups; Group 1: control, Groups 2, 3, and 4 received SCREE in 200, 400, and 600\u00a0mg\/kg body weight, respectively, Group 5: NaNO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    (6.5\u00a0mg\/kg body weight), Groups 6, 7 and 8 received NaNO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    (6.5\u00a0mg\/kg body weight) in combination with SCREE (200, 400, and 600\u00a0mg\/kg body weight), respectively. Our results revealed that the NaNO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    -treated group shows a significant change in deterioration in body and organ weights, hematological parameters, lipid profile, and hepatorenal dysfunction, as well as immunohistochemical and histopathological alterations. Furthermore, the NaNO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    -treated group demonstrated a considerable increase in the expression of TNF-\u03b1 cytokine and tumor suppressor gene P53 in the kidney and liver, while a significant reduction was detected in the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-4 and the apoptosis suppressor gene BCL-2, compared to the control group. Interestingly, SCREE administration demonstrated the ability to significantly alleviate the toxic effects of NaNO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    and improve liver function in a dose-dependent manner, including hematological parameters, lipid profile, and modulation of histopathological architecture. Additionally, SCREE exhibited the ability to modulate the expression levels of inflammatory cytokines and apoptotic genes in the liver and kidney. The phytochemical analysis revealed a wide set of primary metabolites in SCREE, including phenolics, flavonoids, vitamins, alkaloids, saponins and tannins, while the untargeted UPLC\/T-TOF\u2013MS\/MS analysis identified 183 metabolites in both positive and negative ionization modes. Together, our findings establish the potential of SCREE in mitigating the toxic effects of NaNO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    by modulating metabolic, inflammatory, and apoptosis. Together, this study underscores the promise of SCREE as a potential natural food detoxifying additive to counteract the harmful impacts of sodium nitrite.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2024.1378249","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,30]],"date-time":"2024-05-30T01:29:18Z","timestamp":1717032558000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Supplementation of Saussurea costus root alleviates sodium nitrite-induced hepatorenal toxicity by modulating metabolic profile, inflammation, and apoptosis"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Samy E.","family":"Elshaer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gamal M.","family":"Hamad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sherien E.","family":"Sobhy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amira M. Galal","family":"Darwish","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hoda H.","family":"Baghdadi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hebatallah","family":"H. Abo Nahas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fatma M.","family":"El-Demerdash","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sanaa S. A.","family":"Kabeil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abdulmalik S.","family":"Altamimi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ebtesam","family":"Al-Olayan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maha","family":"Alsunbul","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Omaima Kamel","family":"Docmac","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mariusz","family":"Jaremko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elsayed E.","family":"Hafez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Essa M.","family":"Saied","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"601","DOI":"10.21786\/bbrc\/10.4\/2","article-title":"Evaluation of some biological properties of Saussurea costus crude root extract","volume":"10","author":"Abdallah","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biosci. Biotech. Res. Comm."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"396","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox9050396","article-title":"Saussurea lappa ethanolic extract attenuates triamcinolone acetonide-induced pulmonary and splenic tissue damage in rats via modulation of oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis","volume":"9","author":"Abd El-Rahman","year":"2020","journal-title":"Inflamm. apoptosis"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.22159\/ajpcr.2019.v12i18.34218","article-title":"Protective of ethanolic extract of Saussurea lappa against paracetamol-induced hepatic and renal damage in male rabbits","volume":"12","author":"abdul-hussein","year":"2019","journal-title":"Asian J. Pharm. Clin. Res."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.22159\/ijpps.2019v11i7.33443","article-title":"Effect of sodium nitrite exposure on the immune responses against of rift valley fever vaccine in mice","author":"Abo-El-Sooud","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Pharm. Pharm. Sci."},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"559","DOI":"10.1515\/chem-2020-0094","article-title":"The effect of nitrite food preservatives added to se\u2019i meat on the expression of wild-type p53 protein","volume":"18","author":"Adu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Open Chem."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.21608\/asejaiqjsae.2017.3750","article-title":"The effect of water extracts of Phyllanthus emblica and Costus speciousus on reducing obesity in albino rats","volume":"38","author":"Ahmed","year":"2017","journal-title":"Alexandria Sci. Exch. J."},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"606","DOI":"10.5829\/idosi.gv.2014.12.05.83186","article-title":"Effect of marjoram oil on the clinicopathological, cytogenetic and histopathological alterations induced by sodium nitrite toxicity in rats","volume":"12","author":"Aita","year":"2014","journal-title":"Glob. Veterinaria"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2011","DOI":"10.3945\/jn.117.256404","article-title":"Proline precursors and collagen synthesis: biochemical challenges of nutrient supplementation and wound healing","volume":"147","author":"Albaugh","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Nutr."},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2014.11.002","article-title":"Cod liver oil ameliorates sodium nitrite-induced insulin resistance and degradation of rat hepatic glycogen through inhibition of cAMP\/PKA pathway","volume":"120","author":"Al-Gayyar","year":"2015","journal-title":"Life Sci."},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1002\/ptr.5957","article-title":"Selected hepatoprotective herbal medicines: evidence from ethnomedicinal applications, animal models, and possible mechanism of actions","volume":"32","author":"Ali","year":"2018","journal-title":"Phytotherapy Res."},{"key":"B11","first-page":"86","article-title":"Injury in metabolic gland induced by pyrethroid insecticide could Be reduced by aqueous extract of sassura lappa","volume":"6","author":"Alnahdi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. Pharm. Res. Allied Sci."},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1114","DOI":"10.3390\/cimb43020079","article-title":"Saussurea lappa exhibits anti-oncogenic effect in hepatocellular carcinoma, HepG2 cancer cell line by bcl-2 mediated apoptotic pathway and mitochondrial cytochrome C release","volume":"43","author":"Alotaibi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Curr. Issues Mol. Biol."},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e21883","DOI":"10.1002\/jbt.21883","article-title":"Quercetin inhibits sodium nitrite-induced inflammation and apoptosis in different rats organs by suppressing Bax, HIF1-\u03b1, TGF-\u03b2, Smad-2, and AKT pathways","volume":"31","author":"Al-Rasheed","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Biochem. Mol. Toxicol."},{"key":"B14","first-page":"012058","article-title":"Extraction and evaluation of active ingredients of Saussurea costus roots and determination of its antibacterial activity","volume-title":"IOP conference series: earth and environmental science","author":"Al-Zayadi","year":"2023"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2013.12.005","article-title":"S-D-Lactoylglutathione can be an alternative supply of mitochondrial glutathione","volume":"67","author":"Armeni","year":"2014","journal-title":"Free Radic. Biol. Med."},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"826","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-313X.2009.03902.x","article-title":"Use of reverse-phase liquid chromatography, linked to tandem mass spectrometry, to profile the Calvin cycle and other metabolic intermediates in Arabidopsis rosettes at different carbon dioxide concentrations","volume":"59","author":"Arrivault","year":"2009","journal-title":"Plant J."},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.31221\/osf.io\/rygwm","article-title":"Chemistry and antioxidant activity of plants containing some phenolic compounds","volume":"1","author":"Asif","year":"2015","journal-title":"Biomolecules"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"318","DOI":"10.3390\/ph16020318","article-title":"Protective potential of Saussurea costus (falc.) Lipsch. Roots against cyclophosphamide-induced pulmonary injury in rats and its in vitro antiviral effect","volume":"16","author":"Attallah","year":"2023","journal-title":"Pharmaceuticals"},{"key":"B19","first-page":"49","article-title":"Modulating impacts of coustus Sassura lappa extract against oxidative stress and genotoxicity induced by deltamethrin toxicity in rat kidneys","volume":"6","author":"Ayaz","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. Pharm. Res. allied Sci."},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1474","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygeno.2018.09.022","article-title":"Elucidating genes involved in sesquiterpenoid and flavonoid biosynthetic pathways in Saussurea lappa by de novo leaf transcriptome analysis","volume":"111","author":"Bains","year":"2019","journal-title":"Genomics"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainresbull.2010.07.004","article-title":"Nitric oxide pros and cons: the role of l-arginine, a nitric oxide precursor, and idebenone, a coenzyme-Q analogue in ameliorating cerebral hypoxia in rat","volume":"83","author":"Baky","year":"2010","journal-title":"Brain Res. Bull."},{"key":"B22","volume-title":"Theory and practice of histological techniques","author":"Bancroft","year":"1990"},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-814956-0.00008-1","article-title":"Foodborne diseases and responsible agents","volume-title":"Food safety and preservation","author":"Bari","year":"2018"},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1016\/s0367-326x(99)00122-7","article-title":"New sources and antifungal activity of sesquiterpene lactones","volume":"71","author":"Barrero","year":"2000","journal-title":"Fitoterapia"},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1967","DOI":"10.1039\/d1np00023c","article-title":"Advances in decomposing complex metabolite mixtures using substructure-and network-based computational metabolomics approaches","volume":"38","author":"Beniddir","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Prod. Rep."},{"key":"B26","first-page":"458","article-title":"Flavonoids and condensed tannins from leaves of Hawaiian vaccinium vaticulatum and V. calycinium","volume":"48","author":"Boham","year":"1974","journal-title":"Pac Sci."},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1007\/s13596-020-00544-5","article-title":"The therapeutic potential and the health benefits of Morus indica Linn.: a mini review","volume":"21","author":"Boro","year":"2021","journal-title":"a mini Rev."},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.1111\/tpj.12739","article-title":"Liquid chromatography high-resolution mass spectrometry for fatty acid profiling","volume":"81","author":"Bromke","year":"2015","journal-title":"Plant J."},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.4016\/16455.01","article-title":"Immunohistochemistry","volume":"1","author":"Buchwalow","year":"2010","journal-title":"Basics Methods"},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e07884","DOI":"10.2903\/j.efsa.2023.7884","article-title":"Risk assessment of N-nitrosamines in food","volume":"21","author":"Chain","year":"2023","journal-title":"EFSA J."},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1016\/0166-3542(94)00083-k","article-title":"Active compounds from Saussurea lappa Clarks that suppress hepatitis B virus surface antigen gene expression in human hepatoma cells","volume":"27","author":"Chen","year":"1995","journal-title":"Antivir. Res."},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1080\/08923973.2019.1688345","article-title":"Apigenin exhibits anti-inflammatory effects in LPS-stimulated BV2 microglia through activating GSK3\u03b2\/Nrf2 signaling pathway","volume":"42","author":"Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Immunopharmacol. Immunotoxicol."},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1297","DOI":"10.1007\/s10695-013-9784-8","article-title":"Nitrite-induced alterations in sex steroids and thyroid hormones of Labeo rohita juveniles: effects of dietary vitamin E and l-tryptophan","volume":"39","author":"Ciji","year":"2013","journal-title":"Fish Physiology Biochem."},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1007\/s12024-018-0036-1","article-title":"Sodium nitrite food poisoning in one family","volume":"15","author":"Cvetkovi\u0107","year":"2019","journal-title":"Forensic Sci. Med. Pathology"},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2833","DOI":"10.21608\/EJCHEM.202169572.3528","article-title":"Antimicrobial activity of bioactive compounds extract from Saussurea costus against food spoilage microorganisms","volume":"64","author":"Deabes","year":"2021","journal-title":"Egypt. J. Chem."},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.1080\/15287399109531585","article-title":"Long-term dietary study and development of no-observed-effect level (NOEL) of technical HCH to rats","volume":"34","author":"Dikshith","year":"1991","journal-title":"J. Toxicol. Environ. Health"},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"350","DOI":"10.1021\/ac60111a017","article-title":"Colorimetric method for determination of sugars and related substances","volume":"28","author":"DuBois","year":"1956","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"685","DOI":"10.5897\/ajb2005.000-3127","article-title":"Phytochemical constituents of some Nigerian medicinal plants","volume":"4","author":"Edeoga","year":"2005","journal-title":"Afr. J. Biotechnol."},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.3390\/pr8020202","article-title":"Metabolite Profiling of Aquilaria malaccensis leaf extract using Liquid Chromatography-Q-TOF-Mass spectrometry and investigation of its potential antilipoxygenase activity in-vitro","volume":"8","author":"Eissa","year":"2020","journal-title":"Processes"},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103509","DOI":"10.1016\/j.etap.2020.103509","article-title":"Nephroprotective role of bromelain against oxidative injury induced by aluminium in rats","volume":"80","author":"El-Demerdash","year":"2020","journal-title":"Environ. Toxicol. Pharmacol."},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"126791","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtemb.2021.126791","article-title":"Rosmarinus officinalis essential oil modulates renal toxicity and oxidative stress induced by potassium dichromate in rats","volume":"67","author":"El-Demerdash","year":"","journal-title":"J. Trace Elem. Med. Biol."},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17445","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-020-12126-8","article-title":"Hepatoprotective potential of Rosmarinus officinalis essential oil against hexavalent chromium-induced hematotoxicity, biochemical, histological, and immunohistochemical changes in male rats","volume":"28","author":"El-Demerdash","year":"","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res."},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2802","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules27092802","article-title":"Tentatively identified (UPLC\/T-TOF-MS\/MS) compounds in the extract of <i>Saussurea costus<\/i> roots exhibit in vivo hepatoprotection via modulation of HNF-1\u03b1, sirtuin-1, C\/ebp\u03b1, miRNA-34a and miRNA-223","volume":"27","author":"El Gizawy","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sirtuin-1, C\/Ebp\u03b1, MiRNA-34a MiRNA-223"},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14019","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-020-07901-6","article-title":"Effects of nitrite graded doses on hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity, histopathological alterations, and activation of apoptosis in adult rats","volume":"27","author":"El-Nabarawy","year":"2020","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res."},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.4103\/1110-208x.180324","article-title":"Saussurea lappa root extract accelerates the reversion of liver fibrosis induced by carbon tetrachloride in rats","volume":"32","author":"Elsayed","year":"2015","journal-title":"Benha Med. J."},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113225","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2022.113225","article-title":"Root extracts of Saussurea costus as prospective detoxifying food additive against sodium nitrite toxicity in male rats","volume":"166","author":"Elshaer","year":"2022","journal-title":"Food Chem. Toxicol."},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"758","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2010.11.039","article-title":"l-Arginine and l-glutamine as immunonutrients and modulating agents for oxidative stress and toxicity induced by sodium nitrite in rats","volume":"49","author":"El-Sheikh","year":"2011","journal-title":"Food Chem. Toxicol."},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2017.05.005","article-title":"Renal protective effects of thymoquinone against sodium nitrite-induced chronic toxicity in rats: impact on inflammation and apoptosis","volume":"180","author":"Elsherbiny","year":"2017","journal-title":"Life Sci."},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsps.2017.12.008","article-title":"Roles of some antioxidants in modulation of cardiac myopathy induced by sodium nitrite via down-regulation of mRNA expression of NF-\u03baB, Bax, and flt-1 and suppressing DNA damage","volume":"26","author":"Fadda","year":"","journal-title":"Saudi Pharm. J."},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1559325818776204","DOI":"10.1177\/1559325818776204","article-title":"Downregulation of flt-1 and HIF-1\u03b1 gene expression by some antioxidants in rats under sodium nitrite-induced hypoxic stress","volume":"16","author":"Fadda","year":"","journal-title":"Dose-Response"},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-60761-629-0_13","article-title":"Real-time quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction","volume-title":"RT-PCR protocols","author":"Fan","year":"2010"},{"key":"B52","first-page":"01","article-title":"Ameliorative effects of ascorbic acid (vit. C) against sodium nitrite toxicity in albino rats: hematological, biochemical and histopathological studies","volume":"9","author":"Fouad","year":"2017","journal-title":"American-Eurasian J. Toxicol. Sci."},{"key":"B53","first-page":"28","article-title":"The contractile capabilities of various herbal constituents on uterine smooth muscle and their shared constituent presence involved with anti-inflammatory\/antioxidant mechanisms","volume":"10","author":"Fromm","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Pharmacogn. Phytochemistry"},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1016\/s0304-3835(00)00704-7","article-title":"Inhibition by costunolide of phorbol ester-induced transcriptional activation of inducible nitric oxide synthase gene in a human monocyte cell line THP-1","volume":"164","author":"Fukuda","year":"2001","journal-title":"Cancer Lett."},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2900","DOI":"10.3390\/nu15132900","article-title":"Choline: an essential nutrient for human health","volume":"15","author":"Gallo","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.1002\/ptr.2098","article-title":"Presence of cholinergic and calcium antagonist constituents in Saussurea lappa explains its use in constipation and spasm","volume":"21","author":"Gilani","year":"2007","journal-title":"Phytotherapy Res."},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox8020035","article-title":"Potential role of flavonoids in treating chronic inflammatory diseases with a special focus on the anti-inflammatory activity of apigenin","volume":"8","author":"Ginwala","year":"2019","journal-title":"Antioxidants"},{"key":"B58","first-page":"4","article-title":"Sodium nitrite-induced hematological and hemorheological changes in rats","volume":"27","author":"Gluhcheva","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ser. Biomechanics"},{"key":"B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.1016\/0278-6915(89)90015-x","article-title":"Chronic toxicity of sodium nitrite in the male F344 rat","volume":"27","author":"Grant","year":"1989","journal-title":"Food Chem. Toxicol."},{"key":"B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.4172\/2157-7471.1000167","article-title":"Induction of new defensin genes in tomato plants via pathogens-biocontrol agent interaction","volume":"4","author":"Hafez","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Plant Pathol. Microb."},{"key":"B61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.15226\/2376-4589\/4\/1\/00126","article-title":"Amino acids diets as model for investigating cancer induced by acrylamide produced during wrong food cooking","volume":"4","author":"Hamad","year":"2018","journal-title":"SOJ Biochem."},{"key":"B62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.21608\/ajps.2014.6956","article-title":"Protective effect of grape seeds extract against sodium nitrite-induced toxicity and oxidative stress in albino rats","volume":"49","author":"Hammoud","year":"2014","journal-title":"Al-Azhar J. Pharm. Sci."},{"key":"B63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1399","DOI":"10.1080\/14786419.2019.1650357","article-title":"Sesquiterpenoids from Saussurea costus","volume":"35","author":"Hanh","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Prod. Res."},{"key":"B64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.7150\/ijbs.5.249","article-title":"In vivo evidence of hepato-and reno-protective effect of garlic oil against sodium nitrite-induced oxidative stress","volume":"5","author":"Hassan","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Sci."},{"key":"B65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1980","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2010.05.001","article-title":"Garlic oil as a modulating agent for oxidative stress and neurotoxicity induced by sodium nitrite in male albino rats","volume":"48","author":"Hassan","year":"2010","journal-title":"Food Chem. Toxicol."},{"key":"B66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2163","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2010.05.023","article-title":"Ameliorating effect of chicory (Cichorium intybus L.)-supplemented diet against nitrosamine precursors-induced liver injury and oxidative stress in male rats","volume":"48","author":"Hassan","year":"2010","journal-title":"Food Chem. Toxicol."},{"key":"B67","first-page":"31","article-title":"Determination of content levels of nitrogen species (Nitrite, Nitrate, and N-Nitrosamines) in processed meat consumed in Erbil City","volume":"2","author":"Hassan","year":"2010","journal-title":"Der Pharma Chem."},{"key":"B68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1836","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules26071836","article-title":"Alkaloids used as medicines: structural phytochemistry meets biodiversity-an update and forward look","volume":"26","author":"Heinrich","year":"2021","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"B69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.21608\/ejhm.2000.11021","article-title":"Effect of some food colorants (synthetic andNatural products) of young albino rats","volume":"1","author":"Helal","year":"2000","journal-title":"Egypt. J. Hosp. Med."},{"key":"B70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"964","DOI":"10.21608\/ejhm.2020.104304","article-title":"Adverse effects of fast green, sodium nitrate and Glycine on some physiological parameters","volume":"80","author":"Helal","year":"2020","journal-title":"Egypt. J. Hosp. Med."},{"key":"B71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"605","DOI":"10.12816\/0037812","article-title":"Effects of some food additives on some biochemical parameters in young male albino rats and the ameliorative role of royal jelly","volume":"67","author":"Helal","year":"2017","journal-title":"Egypt. J. Hosp. Med."},{"key":"B72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.21608\/ejhm.2008.17650","article-title":"Biochemical studies on the effect of sodium nitrite and\/or glutathione treatment on male rats","volume":"30","author":"Helal","year":"2008","journal-title":"Egypt. J. Hosp. Med."},{"key":"B73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1770","DOI":"10.1002\/cbdv.200790152","article-title":"Human cannabinoid pharmacokinetics","volume":"4","author":"Huestis","year":"2007","journal-title":"Chem. Biodivers."},{"key":"B74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1684\/ecn.2013.0341","article-title":"Antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and hepatoprotective effects of silymarin on hepatic dysfunction induced by sodium nitrite","volume":"24","author":"Imam","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur. Cytokine Netw."},{"key":"B75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3387","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.008748","article-title":"Nitric oxide formation from nitrite in zebrafish","volume":"210","author":"Jensen","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Exp. Biol."},{"key":"B76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13061","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules181013061","article-title":"Sesquiterpene lactones and their derivatives inhibit high glucose-induced NF-\u03baB activation and MCP-1 and TGF-\u03b21 expression in rat mesangial cells","volume":"18","author":"Jia","year":"2013","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"B77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2221","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gft029","article-title":"Uric acid and chronic kidney disease: which is chasing which?","volume":"28","author":"Johnson","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nephrol. Dial. Transplant."},{"key":"B78","volume-title":"Discovery of natural antiprotozoals from medicinal plants Saussurea costus and Carica papaya","author":"Julianti","year":"2014"},{"key":"B79","first-page":"P970","article-title":"Analgesic and anti-inflammatory activity of seed extracts of diplocyclos palmatus (L) C. Jeffrey","volume":"4","author":"Kadam","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int. J. Pharma Bio Sci."},{"key":"B80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2003.11.109","article-title":"Costunolide inhibits interleukin-1beta expression by down-regulation of AP-1 and MAPK activity in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells","volume":"313","author":"Kang","year":"2004","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophysical Res. Commun."},{"key":"B81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.2174\/138920106779116874","article-title":"Gamma linolenic acid: an antiinflammatory omega-6 fatty acid","volume":"7","author":"Kapoor","year":"2006","journal-title":"Curr. Pharm. Biotechnol."},{"key":"B82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e13950","DOI":"10.1111\/jfbc.13950","article-title":"Functionality of apigenin as a potent antioxidant with emphasis on bioavailability, metabolism, action mechanism and in vitro and in vivo studies: a review","volume":"46","author":"Kashyap","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Food Biochem."},{"key":"B83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4574","DOI":"10.5897\/AJB11.109","article-title":"Antimicrobial activity analysis of extracts of Acacia modesta, Artimisia absinthium, Nigella sativa and Saussurea lappa against Gram positive and Gram negative microorganisms","volume":"10","author":"Khalid","year":"2011","journal-title":"Afr. J. Biotechnol."},{"key":"B84","article-title":"Ameliorative effects of ascorbic acid (vit. C) against sodium nitrite toxicity in albino rats: hematological","author":"Khalil","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biochem. Histopathol. Stud."},{"key":"bib159","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules27196271","article-title":"Development of novel 1,3-disubstituted-2-thiohydantoin analogues with potent anti-inflammatory activity; in vitro and in silico assessments","volume":"27","author":"Khirallah","year":"2022","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"B85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2004.06.026","article-title":"Saussurea lappa induces G2-growth arrest and apoptosis in AGS gastric cancer cells","volume":"220","author":"Ko","year":"2005","journal-title":"Cancer Lett."},{"key":"B86","first-page":"269","article-title":"Phenolic composition and antioxidant capacities of Helichrysum plicatum","volume":"38","author":"Kolayl\u0131","year":"2010","journal-title":"Hacet. J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"B87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.31083\/j.jin2204098","article-title":"Malic acid improves behavioral, biochemical, and molecular disturbances in the hypothalamus of stressed rats","volume":"22","author":"Koriem","year":"2023","journal-title":"JIN"},{"key":"B88","first-page":"292","article-title":"Immunostimulant activity of inulin isolated from Saussurea lappa roots","volume":"63","author":"Kulkarni","year":"2001","journal-title":"Indian J. Pharm. Sci."},{"key":"B89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1173","DOI":"10.1016\/j.matpr.2021.11.145","article-title":"Phytochemistry and pharmacology of Saussurea genus (Saussurea lappa, Saussurea costus, Saussurea obvallata, Saussurea involucrata)","volume":"56","author":"Kumar","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mater. Proc."},{"key":"B90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2100219","DOI":"10.1002\/adtp.202100219","article-title":"Alkaline phosphatase: a reliable endogenous partner for drug delivery and Diagnostics","volume":"5","author":"Le-Vinh","year":"2022","journal-title":"Adv. Ther."},{"key":"B91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins11040226","article-title":"l-Proline alleviates kidney injury caused by AFB1 and AFM1 through regulating excessive apoptosis of kidney cells","volume":"11","author":"Li","year":"2019","journal-title":"Toxins (Basel)"},{"key":"B92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"967","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1354393","article-title":"Differential display of eukaryotic messenger RNA by means of the polymerase chain reaction","volume":"257","author":"Liang","year":"1992","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"B93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"634","DOI":"10.2174\/156800908786241050","article-title":"Luteolin, a flavonoid with potential for cancer prevention and therapy","volume":"8","author":"Lin","year":"2008","journal-title":"Curr. Cancer Drug Targets"},{"key":"B94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.1006\/meth.2001.1262","article-title":"Analysis of relative gene expression data using real-time quantitative PCR and the 2(-Delta Delta C(T)) Method","volume":"25","author":"Livak","year":"2001","journal-title":"methods"},{"key":"B95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-024-03917-y","article-title":"Natural flavonoid apigenin, an effective agent against nervous system cancers","author":"Lotfi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Mol. Neurobiol."},{"key":"B96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jchromb.2007.10.022","article-title":"LC\u2013MS-based metabonomics analysis","volume":"866","author":"Lu","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Chromatogr. B Anal. Technol. Biomed. Life Sci."},{"key":"B97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14787","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v20.i40.14787","article-title":"Review of natural products with hepatoprotective effects","volume":"20","author":"Madrigal-Santill\u00e1n","year":"2014","journal-title":"World J. gastroenterology"},{"key":"B98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1097\/MCO.0b013e3283600d46","article-title":"Choline's role in maintaining liver function: new evidence for epigenetic mechanisms","volume":"16","author":"Mehedint","year":"2013","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Clin. Nutr. metabolic care"},{"key":"B99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1016\/j.niox.2009.08.004","article-title":"Nutritional epidemiology in the context of nitric oxide biology: a risk\u2013benefit evaluation for dietary nitrite and nitrate","volume":"22","author":"Milkowski","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nitric oxide"},{"key":"B100","first-page":"171","article-title":"Estimation of alkaloid, saponin and flavonoid, content in various extracts of Crocus sativa","volume":"4","author":"Mir","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Med. Plants Stud."},{"key":"bib160","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics14030529","article-title":"Acetylsalicylic acid suppresses alcoholism-induced cognitive impairment associated with atorvastatin intake by targeting cerebral mirna155 and nlrp3: in vivo, and in silico study","volume":"14","author":"Mohamed","year":"2022","journal-title":"Pharmaceutics"},{"key":"bib161","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"832","DOI":"10.3390\/ph15070832","article-title":"Hepatoprotective role of carvedilol against ischemic hepatitis associated with acute heart failure via targeting mirna-17 and mitochondrial dynamics-related proteins: an in vivo and in silico study","volume":"15","author":"Mohamed","year":"2022","journal-title":"Pharmaceuticals"},{"key":"B101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3001","DOI":"10.3390\/app10093001","article-title":"Applications of sesquiterpene lactones: a review of some potential success cases","volume":"10","author":"Moujir","year":"2020","journal-title":"Appl. Sci."},{"key":"B102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2381","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules28052381","article-title":"The chemopreventive effects of chlorogenic acids, phenolic compounds in coffee, against inflammation, cancer, and neurological diseases","volume":"28","author":"Murai","year":"2023","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"B103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1145","DOI":"10.3390\/metabo12111145","article-title":"Recent updates on source, biosynthesis, and therapeutic potential of natural flavonoid luteolin: a review","volume":"12","author":"Muruganathan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Metabolites"},{"key":"B104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1186\/s12903-019-0932-0","article-title":"Anti-inflammatory effects of olanexidine gluconate on oral epithelial cells","volume":"19","author":"Nii","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMC Oral Health."},{"key":"B105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.4314\/gjpas.v8i2.16033","article-title":"Phytochemical studies and comparative efficacy of the crude extracts of some haemostatic plants in Edo and Delta States of Nigeria","volume":"8","author":"Obadoni","year":"2002","journal-title":"Glob. J. Pure Appl. Sci."},{"key":"B106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1970","DOI":"10.1271\/bbb.65.1970","article-title":"Amino acid supplementation affects hematological and biochemical parameters in elite rugby players","volume":"65","author":"Ohtani","year":"2001","journal-title":"Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem."},{"key":"B107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1510","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms2512","article-title":"A new class of plant lipid is essential for protection against phosphorus depletion","volume":"4","author":"Okazaki","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"B108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"835","DOI":"10.3390\/biom11060835","article-title":"Health aspects, growth performance, and meat quality of rabbits receiving diets supplemented with lettuce fertilized with whey protein hydrolysate substituting nitrate","volume":"11","author":"Osman","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biomolecules"},{"key":"B109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"683645","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2021.683645","article-title":"A systematic study of the mechanism of acacetin against sepsis based on network pharmacology and experimental validation","volume":"12","author":"Ouyang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Pharmacol."},{"key":"B110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1016\/j.etp.2014.05.003","article-title":"Histopathologic, biochemical and genotoxic investigations on chronic sodium nitrite toxicity in mice","volume":"66","author":"\u00d6zen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Exp. Toxicol. pathology"},{"key":"B111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"118182","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2020.118182","article-title":"Diosgenin, a steroidal saponin, and its analogs: effective therapies against different chronic diseases","volume":"260","author":"Parama","year":"2020","journal-title":"diseases"},{"key":"B112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygcen.2011.02.023","article-title":"The role of thyroid hormones in stress response of fish","volume":"172","author":"Peter","year":"2011","journal-title":"General Comp. Endocrinol."},{"key":"B113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1080\/15287399309531773","article-title":"Groundwater pesticides: interactive effects of low concentrations of carbamates aldicarb and methomyl and the triazine metribuzin on thyroxine and somatotropin levels in white rats","volume":"40","author":"Porter","year":"1993","journal-title":"J. Toxicol. Environ. Health"},{"key":"B114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"699","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2017.00699","article-title":"The impacts of genistein and daidzein on estrogen conjugations in human breast cancer cells: a targeted metabolomics approach","volume":"8","author":"Poschner","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front. Pharmacol."},{"key":"B115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2347","DOI":"10.24297\/jab.v13i.8717","article-title":"The possible effects of sodium nitrite and sodium benzoate as food additives on the liver in male rats","volume":"13","author":"Radwan","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Adv. Biol."},{"key":"B116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules27010233","article-title":"Role of phenolic compounds in human disease: current knowledge and future prospects","volume":"27","author":"Rahman","year":"2022","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"B117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3294","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-018-05470-4","article-title":"Microbial tryptophan catabolites in health and disease","volume":"9","author":"Roager","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"B118","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1021\/jf60164a003","article-title":"Formation of complexes between protein and tannins acid","volume":"1","author":"Robinson","year":"1981","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"key":"B119","first-page":"104","article-title":"Study of antioxidant effect of apigenin, luteolin and quercetin by DNA protective method","volume":"48","author":"Romanova","year":"2001","journal-title":"Neoplasma"},{"key":"B121","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2681","DOI":"10.1007\/s00726-014-1823-y","article-title":"Metabolomic analysis of amino acid and fat metabolism in rats with l-tryptophan supplementation","volume":"46","author":"Ruan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Amino Acids"},{"key":"B122","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.21608\/SMJ.2020.31144.1163","volume":"24","author":"Saif-Al-Islam","year":"2020","journal-title":"Saussurea costus may help Treat. COVID-19"},{"key":"B123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1435","DOI":"10.3109\/13880209.2013.796564","article-title":"Hepatoprotective effects of cod liver oil against sodium nitrite toxicity in rats","volume":"51","author":"Salama","year":"2013","journal-title":"Pharm. Biol."},{"key":"B124","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"464","DOI":"10.1186\/s12906-016-1438-9","article-title":"Pharmacological effects of the phytochemicals of Anethum sowa L. root extracts","volume":"16","author":"Saleh-e-In","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMC Complementary Altern. Med."},{"key":"bib162","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules27154898","article-title":"Novel 1,3-thiazole analogues with potent activity against breast cancer: a design, synthesis, in vitro, and in silico stu","volume":"27","author":"Salem","year":"2022","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"bib163","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16616","DOI":"10.1002\/chem.202003283","article-title":"Liposomal fret assay identifies potent drug-like inhibitors of the ceramide transport protein (CERT)","volume":"26","author":"Samaha","year":"2020","journal-title":"Chem.\u2013Eur. J."},{"key":"B125","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2303","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M114.581892","article-title":"Functional characterization of 5-oxoproline transport via SLC16A1\/MCT1*","volume":"290","author":"Sasaki","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"B126","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1181","DOI":"10.1093\/pcp\/pcp079","article-title":"Omics-based approaches to methionine side chain elongation in Arabidopsis: characterization of the genes encoding methylthioalkylmalate isomerase and methylthioalkylmalate dehydrogenase","volume":"50","author":"Sawada","year":"2009","journal-title":"Plant Cell Physiol."},{"key":"B127","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1464","DOI":"10.1080\/00032719.2017.1382502","article-title":"Phytochemical profiling and evaluation of the hepatoprotective effect of cuscuta campestris by high-performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection","volume":"51","author":"Selvi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Anal. Lett."},{"key":"B128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-61779-231-1_7","article-title":"Profiling of hormones and related metabolites in seed dormancy and germination studies","volume":"773","author":"Seo","year":"2011","journal-title":"Methods Mol. Biol."},{"key":"B129","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12423","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms12423","article-title":"The WEIZMASS spectral library for high-confidence metabolite identification","volume":"7","author":"Shahaf","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"B130","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1016\/j.niox.2012.03.011","article-title":"Human safety controversies surrounding nitrate and nitrite in the diet","volume":"26","author":"Sindelar","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nitric oxide"},{"key":"B131","first-page":"1298","article-title":"Chemical composition and pharmacological activities of Saussurea lappa","volume":"6","author":"Singh","year":"2017","journal-title":"A Rev."},{"key":"B132","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1765","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules28041765","article-title":"Unveiling the pharmacological and nanotechnological facets of daidzein: present state-of-the-art and future perspectives","volume":"28","author":"Singh","year":"2023","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"B133","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111708","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2020.111708","article-title":"Acacetin, a flavone with diverse therapeutic potential in cancer, inflammation, infections and other metabolic disorders","volume":"145","author":"Singh","year":"2020","journal-title":"Food Chem. Toxicol."},{"key":"B134","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1007\/s12011-021-02613-5","article-title":"Borate ameliorates sodium nitrite-induced oxidative stress through regulation of oxidant\/antioxidant status: involvement of the Nrf2\/HO-1 and NF-\u03baB pathways","volume":"200","author":"Soliman","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biol. Trace Elem. Res."},{"key":"B135","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1080\/03601238809372612","article-title":"Biochemical changes produced by beta- and gamma-hexachlorocyclohexane isomers in albino rats","volume":"23","author":"Srinivasan","year":"1988","journal-title":"J. Environ. Sci. Health, Part B"},{"key":"B136","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.4103\/0975-9476.104443","article-title":"Evaluation of anti-arthritic potential of the methanolic extract of the aerial parts of Costus speciosus","volume":"3","author":"Srivastava","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Ayurveda Integr. Med."},{"key":"B137","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1071","DOI":"10.4315\/0362-028X.JFP-11-511","article-title":"Inhibition of Listeria monocytogenes using natural antimicrobials in no-nitrate-or-nitrite-added ham","volume":"75","author":"Sullivan","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. food Prot."},{"key":"B138","first-page":"1775","article-title":"Anti-inflammatory and cytotoxic activity of chloroform extract of roots of Saussurea lappa Clarke","volume":"3","author":"Sunkara","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Pharm. Res."},{"key":"B139","first-page":"516","article-title":"Antiulcerogenic activity of Saussurea lappa root","volume":"2","author":"Sutar","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int. J. Pharm. Life Sci."},{"key":"B140","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1515\/jbcpp-2015-0044","article-title":"Evaluation of anti-inflammatory potential of the ethanolic extract of the Saussurea lappa root (costus) on adjuvant-induced monoarthritis in rats","volume":"27","author":"Tag","year":"","journal-title":"J. basic Clin. physiology Pharmacol."},{"key":"B141","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1515\/jbcpp-2015-0044","article-title":"Evaluation of anti-inflammatory potential of the ethanolic extract of the Saussurea lappa root (costus) on adjuvant-induced monoarthritis in rats","volume":"27","author":"Tag","year":"","journal-title":"J. Basic Clin. Physiol. Pharmacol."},{"key":"B142","first-page":"525","article-title":"H; abdalla, AA; fargali, S adverse effects of some food additives in adult male albino rats","volume":"4","author":"Tawfek","year":"2015","journal-title":"Curr. Sci. Int."},{"key":"B143","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"418","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2017.09.010","article-title":"Hepatoprotective effects of raspberry (Rubus coreanus Miq.) seed oil and its major constituents","volume":"110","author":"Teng","year":"2017","journal-title":"Food Chem. Toxicol."},{"key":"B144","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1210","DOI":"10.1038\/nprot.2010.82","article-title":"Combining genetic diversity, informatics and metabolomics to facilitate annotation of plant gene function","volume":"5","author":"Tohge","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nat. Protoc."},{"key":"B145","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth.3393","article-title":"MS-DIAL: data-independent MS\/MS deconvolution for comprehensive metabolome analysis","volume":"12","author":"Tsugawa","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat. Methods."},{"key":"B146","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0128770","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0128770","article-title":"Maleic acid--but not structurally related methylmalonic acid--interrupts energy metabolism by impaired calcium homeostasis","volume":"10","author":"Tuncel","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLOS ONE"},{"key":"B147","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.3390\/medicines5030093","article-title":"Flavonoids and other phenolic compounds from medicinal plants for pharmaceutical and medical aspects: an overview","volume":"5","author":"Tungmunnithum","year":"2018","journal-title":"Med. (Basel, Switz.)"},{"key":"B148","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1140","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/120.10.1140","article-title":"Effect of vitamin C depletion on serum cholesterol and lipoprotein levels in ODS (od\/od) rats unable to synthesize ascorbic acid","volume":"120","author":"Uchida","year":"1990","journal-title":"J. Nutr."},{"key":"B149","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.30495\/tpr.2021.1914719.1186","article-title":"Nutritional assessment, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antidiabetic potential of traditionally used wild plant","volume":"5","author":"Vignesh","year":"2021","journal-title":"Berberis tinctoria Lesch"},{"key":"B150","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2085","DOI":"10.1007\/s10753-014-9942-x","article-title":"Anti-inflammatory effects of apigenin in lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory in acute lung injury by suppressing COX-2 and NF-kB pathway","volume":"37","author":"Wang","year":"","journal-title":"Inflammation"},{"key":"B151","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2085","DOI":"10.1007\/s10753-014-9942-x","article-title":"Anti-inflammatory effects of apigenin in lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory in acute lung injury by suppressing COX-2 and NF-kB pathway","volume":"37","author":"Wang","year":"","journal-title":"Inflammation."},{"key":"B152","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1202170350","DOI":"10.1264\/jsme2.me11304","article-title":"Extraction of bacterial RNA from soil: challenges and solutions","author":"Wang","year":"2009","journal-title":"Microbes Environ."},{"key":"B153","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e47979","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0047979","article-title":"Isoflavones, genistein and daidzein, regulate mucosal immune response by suppressing dendritic cell function","volume":"7","author":"Wei","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLOS ONE"},{"key":"B154","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"108659","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heares.2022.108659","article-title":"The roles of NADPH and isocitrate dehydrogenase in cochlear mitochondrial antioxidant defense and aging","volume":"427","author":"White","year":"2022","journal-title":"Hear. Res."},{"key":"B155","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8497","DOI":"10.1080\/10408398.2021.1929823","article-title":"Food additives: from functions to analytical methods","volume":"62","author":"Wu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr."},{"key":"B156","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S229","DOI":"10.1002\/ptr.3089","article-title":"Antihepatotoxic activity of Saussurea lappa extract on D-galactosamine and lipopolysaccharide-induced hepatitis in mice","volume":"24","author":"Yaeesh","year":"2010","journal-title":"Phytotherapy Res."},{"key":"B157","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1007\/s10616-009-9214-z","article-title":"The in vitro genotoxicity of benzoic acid in human peripheral blood lymphocytes","volume":"60","author":"Y\u0131lmaz","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cytotechnology"},{"key":"B158","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1045","DOI":"10.1080\/10286020802274037","article-title":"Inhibitory effects of sesquiterpenes from Saussurea lappa on the overproduction of nitric oxide and TNF-alpha release in LPS-activated macrophages","volume":"10","author":"Zhao","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Asian Nat. Prod. Res."}],"updated-by":[{"DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2026.1892976","type":"correction","label":"Correction","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,3]],"date-time":"2026-08-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785715200000}}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Pharmacology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fphar.2024.1378249\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,3]],"date-time":"2026-08-03T15:56:23Z","timestamp":1785772583000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fphar.2024.1378249\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,30]]},"references-count":162,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fphar.2024.1378249"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fphar.2024.1378249","relation":{},"ISSN":["1663-9812"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1663-9812","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,30]]},"article-number":"1378249"}}