{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,30]],"date-time":"2025-07-30T16:15:58Z","timestamp":1753892158712,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,2]],"date-time":"2024-04-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1712016000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Pharmacol."],"abstract":"Essential oils are potential alternatives to antibiotics for preventing Candida<\/jats:italic> albicans (C. albicans) infection which is responsible for economic losses in the pigeon industry. Cymbopogon martini<\/jats:italic> essential oil (EO) can inhibit pathogens, particularly fungal pathogens but its potential beneficial effects on C. albicans<\/jats:italic>-infected pigeons remain unclear. Therefore, we investigated the impact of C<\/jats:italic>. martini<\/jats:italic> EO on antioxidant activity, immune response, intestinal barrier function, and intestinal microbiota in C. albicans<\/jats:italic>-infected pigeons. The pigeons were divided into four groups as follows: (1) NC group: C. albicans<\/jats:italic> uninfected\/C<\/jats:italic>. martini<\/jats:italic> EO untreated group; (2) PC group: C. albicans<\/jats:italic> infected\/C<\/jats:italic>. martini<\/jats:italic> EO untreated group; (3) LPA group: C. albicans<\/jats:italic> infected\/1% C<\/jats:italic>. martini<\/jats:italic> EO treated group; and (4) HPA group: C. albicans<\/jats:italic> infected\/2% C<\/jats:italic>. martini<\/jats:italic> EO treated group. The pigeons were infected with C. albicans<\/jats:italic> from day of age 35 to 41 and treated with C<\/jats:italic>. martini<\/jats:italic> EO from day of age 42 to 44, with samples collected on day of age 45 for analysis. The results demonstrated that C<\/jats:italic>. martini<\/jats:italic> EO prevented the reduction in the antioxidant enzymes SOD and GSH-Px causes by C. albicans<\/jats:italic> challenge in pigeons. Furthermore, C<\/jats:italic>. martini<\/jats:italic> EO could decrease the relative expression of IL-1\u03b2<\/jats:italic>, TGF-\u03b2<\/jats:italic>, and IL-8<\/jats:italic> in the ileum, as well as IL-1\u03b2<\/jats:italic> and IL-8<\/jats:italic> in the crop, while increasing the relative expression of Claudin-1<\/jats:italic> in the ileum and the crop and Occludin<\/jats:italic> in the ileum in infected pigeons. Although the gut microbiota composition was not significantly affected by C<\/jats:italic>. martini<\/jats:italic> EO, 2% C<\/jats:italic>. martini<\/jats:italic> EO increased the abundance of Alistipes<\/jats:italic> and Pedobacter<\/jats:italic>. In conclusion, the application of 2% C<\/jats:italic>. martini<\/jats:italic> EO not only enhanced the level of antioxidant activity and the expression of genes related to intestinal barrier function but also inhibited inflammatory genes in C. albicans<\/jats:italic>-infected pigeons and increased the abundance of gut bacteria that are resistant to C. albicans<\/jats:italic>.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2024.1380277","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,2]],"date-time":"2024-04-02T05:24:48Z","timestamp":1712035488000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Effect of Cymbopogon martini (Roxb.) 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