{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T16:13:40Z","timestamp":1790957620125,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,12]],"date-time":"2024-09-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1726099200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Pharmacol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Ivacaftor is the first potentiator of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) protein approved for use alone in the treatment of cystic fibrosis (CF). Ivacaftor is primarily metabolized by CYP3A4 and therefore may interact with drugs that are CYP3A4 substrates, resulting in changes in plasma exposure to ivacaftor. The study determined the levels of ivacaftor and its active metabolite M1 by ultra performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS\/MS). We screened 79 drugs and 19 severely inhibited ivacaftor metabolism, particularly two cardiovascular drugs (nisoldipine and nimodipine). In rat liver microsomes (RLM) and human liver microsomes (HLM), the half-maximal inhibitory concentrations (IC<jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>) of nisoldipine on ivacaftor metabolism were 6.55\u00a0\u03bcM and 9.10\u00a0\u03bcM, respectively, and the inhibitory mechanism of nisoldipine on ivacaftor metabolism was mixed inhibition; the IC<jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub> of nimodipine on ivacaftor metabolism in RLM and HLM were 4.57\u00a0\u03bcM and 7.15\u00a0\u03bcM, respectively, and the inhibitory mechanism of nimodipine on ivacaftor was competitive inhibition. In pharmacokinetic experiments in rats, it was observed that both nisoldipine and nimodipine significantly altered the pharmacokinetic parameters of ivacaftor, such as AUC<jats:sub>(0-t)<\/jats:sub> and CL<jats:sub>z\/F<\/jats:sub>. However, this difference may not be clinically relevant. In conclusion, this paper presented the results of studies investigating the interaction between these drugs and ivacaftor <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>. The objective is to provide a rationale for the safety of ivacaftor in combination with other drugs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2024.1403649","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,12]],"date-time":"2024-09-12T04:58:45Z","timestamp":1726117125000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Inhibitory effects of calcium channel blockers nisoldipine and nimodipine on ivacaftor metabolism and their underlying mechanism"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Hailun","family":"Xia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xinhao","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jie","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hualu","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuxin","family":"Shen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaohai","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ren-ai","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenzhi","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.2165\/00129784-200404050-00002","article-title":"Interactions between grapefruit juice and cardiovascular drugs","volume":"4","author":"Bailey","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am. 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