{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,10]],"date-time":"2026-07-10T12:51:52Z","timestamp":1783687912332,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,7]],"date-time":"2024-08-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1722988800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Pharmacol."],"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:bold>Introduction:<\/jats:bold> Air pollution, allergens, and bacterial infections are major contributors to pathological respiratory disorders worldwide. CKD-497, derived from the rhizome of <jats:italic>Atractylodes japonica<\/jats:italic> and the fruits of <jats:italic>Schisandra chinensis<\/jats:italic>, is known for its ability to relieve cough and facilitate phlegm expectoration. However, its protective action against allergic asthma and fine dust-induced lung inflammation, along with its underlying mechanisms, have not been thoroughly investigated.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Methods:<\/jats:bold> In this study, we established mouse models of ovalbumin (OVA)-induced asthma and particulate matter (PM)-induced pulmonary inflammation to evaluate the effects of CKD-497. Mice were administered CKD-497 orally, and various parameters such as airway inflammation, mucus production, and proinflammatory cytokine levels (IL-1\u03b2, IL-6, TNF-\u03b1) were measured. Additionally, the macrophage cell line RAW264.7 was pretreated with CKD-497 and stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to assess inflammation via the NF-kB signaling pathway.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Results:<\/jats:bold> Oral administration of CKD-497 effectively attenuated airway inflammation and mucus production in both OVA-induced asthma and PM-induced lung inflammation models. It also significantly decreased the production of proinflammatory cytokines IL-1\u03b2, IL-6, and TNF-\u03b1. CKD-497 alleviated leukocyte infiltration, including neutrophils, and reduced fibrillary collagen deposition in PM<jats:sub>10<\/jats:sub>-treated mice. <jats:italic>In vitro<\/jats:italic>, CKD-497 pretreatment inhibited LPS-induced inflammation in RAW264.7 cells through the suppression of the NF-kB signaling pathway.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Discussion:<\/jats:bold> CKD-497 shows potent anti-inflammatory effects in mouse models of asthma and PM-induced lung inflammation, potentially mediated by the inhibition of the NF-kB pathway. These findings suggest that CKD-497 could serve as a functional supplement to protect against respiratory diseases by mitigating pulmonary and airway inflammation induced by allergens and air pollution.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2024.1428567","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,7]],"date-time":"2024-08-07T07:51:03Z","timestamp":1723017063000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["CKD-497 inhibits NF-kB signaling and ameliorates inflammation and pulmonary fibrosis in ovalbumin-induced asthma and particulate matter-induced airway inflammatory diseases"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Hyejeong","family":"Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jihye","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jaeok","family":"Seo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hyungjoon","family":"Lim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sung Kwon","family":"Kang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1038\/nri2254","article-title":"Immunology of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease","volume":"8","author":"Barnes","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nat. 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