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Pharmacol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study aims to elucidate the intervention effects of saponin components from <jats:italic>Polygala tenuifolia<\/jats:italic> Willd (Polygalaceae) on dementia, providing experimental evidence and new insights for the research and application of saponins in the field of dementia.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>This review is based on a search of the PubMed, NCBI, and Google Scholar databases from their inception to 13 May 2024, using terms such as \u201c<jats:italic>P. tenuifolia<\/jats:italic>,\u201d \u201c<jats:italic>P. tenuifolia<\/jats:italic> and saponins,\u201d \u201ctoxicity,\u201d \u201cdementia,\u201d \u201cAlzheimer\u2019s disease,\u201d \u201cParkinson\u2019s disease dementia,\u201d and \u201cvascular dementia.\u201d The article summarizes the saponin components of <jats:italic>P. tenuifolia<\/jats:italic>, including tenuigenin, tenuifolin, polygalasaponins XXXII, and onjisaponin B, as well as the pathophysiological mechanisms of dementia. Importantly, it highlights the potential mechanisms by which the active components of <jats:italic>P. tenuifolia<\/jats:italic> prevent and treat diseases and relevant clinical studies.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The saponin components of <jats:italic>P. tenuifolia<\/jats:italic> can reduce \u03b2-amyloid accumulation, exhibit antioxidant effects, regulate neurotransmitters, improve synaptic function, possess anti-inflammatory properties, inhibit neuronal apoptosis, and modulate autophagy. Therefore, <jats:italic>P. tenuifolia<\/jats:italic> may play a role in the prevention and treatment of dementia.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The saponin components of <jats:italic>P. tenuifolia<\/jats:italic> have shown certain therapeutic effects on dementia. They can prevent and treat dementia through various mechanisms.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2024.1431894","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,10]],"date-time":"2024-07-10T05:02:31Z","timestamp":1720587751000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Saponin components in Polygala tenuifolia as potential candidate drugs for treating dementia"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Songzhe","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhitao","family":"Hou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ting","family":"Ye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaochen","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xinying","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jing","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1598","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.13016","article-title":"Alzheimer\u2019s disease facts and figures","volume":"19","year":"2023","journal-title":"Alzheimer\u2019s and Dementia"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27625","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.AD19038BR1C","article-title":"Epidemiology and pathophysiology of dementia-related psychosis","volume":"81","author":"Aarsland","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. 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