{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,4]],"date-time":"2026-07-04T04:59:32Z","timestamp":1783141172097,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,29]],"date-time":"2024-07-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1722211200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Pharmacol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>The optimal dosage of recombinant human luteinizing hormone (r-hLH) and its impact on endometrial thickness (EMT) when administered alongside recombinant human follicle-stimulating hormone (r-hFSH) during controlled ovarian stimulation (COS) for <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> fertilization\/intracytoplasmic sperm injection and embryo transfer are uncertain, which formed the aims of this systematic review and meta-analysis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Method<\/jats:title><jats:p>A search was performed in PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, EMBASE, CNKI, and Wanfang from its inception to 10 July 2023. Twenty-seven Randomized controlled trials comparing r-hFSH\/r-hLH co-treatment with r-hFSH alone during <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> fertilization\/intracytoplasmic sperm injection and embryo transfer (IVF\/ICSI-ET) were included. Pooled odds ratios (OR) for dichotomous data and mean differences (MD) for continuous data, with their respective 95% confidence intervals (CI), were generated. Meta-analysis employed fixed-effect or random-effect models based on heterogeneity, using Q-test and I2-index calculations. The main outcomes included EMT on trigger day, clinical pregnancy rate (CPR) and live birth rate (LBR).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>r-hFSH\/r-hLH significantly increased EMT on trigger day (MD = 0.27; 95% CI, 0.11\u20130.42; I<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> = 13%), but reduced oocyte number (MD = \u22120.60; 95% CI, \u22121.07 to \u22120.14; I<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> = 72%) and high-quality embryos (MD = \u22120.76; 95% CI, \u22121.41 to \u22120.10; I<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> = 94%) than r-hFSH alone, more pronounced with the gonadotrophin-releasing hormone agonist long protocol. A subgroup analysis showed r-hLH at 75 IU\/day increased CPR (OR = 1.23; 95% CI, 1.02\u20131.49; I<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> = 16%) and EMT on trigger day (MD = 0.40; 95% CI, 0.19\u20130.61; I<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> = 0%). Participants \u226535\u00a0years of age exhibited decreased retrieved oocytes (MD = \u22121.26; 95% CI, \u22121.78 to \u22120.74; I<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> = 29%), but an increase in EMT on trigger day (MD = 0.26; 95% CI, 0.11\u20130.42; I<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> = 29%).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>r-hFSH\/r-hLH during COS significantly improved EMT compared to r-hFSH alone. An r-hLH dose of 75 IU\/day may be considered for optimal pregnancy outcomes, which still require further clinical studies to support this dosing regime.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Systematic Review Registration<\/jats:title><jats:p>[<jats:ext-link>www.crd.york.ac.uk\/PROSPERO<\/jats:ext-link>], identifier [CRD42023454584].<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2024.1434625","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,29]],"date-time":"2024-07-29T04:51:42Z","timestamp":1722228702000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Recombinant human luteinizing hormone increases endometrial thickness in women undergoing assisted fertility treatments: a systematic review and meta-analysis"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Routong","family":"Mao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaohong","family":"Hou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiao","family":"Feng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruina","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaofan","family":"Fei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Junzhao","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hui","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jing","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.1023\/a:1016662100572","article-title":"The effect of exogenous luteinizing hormone (LH) on oocyte viability: evidence from a comparative study using recombinant human follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) alone or in combination with recombinant LH for ovarian stimulation in pituitary-suppressed women undergoing assisted reproduction","volume":"18","author":"Balasch","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. assisted reproduction Genet."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1097\/00001703-200206000-00004","article-title":"Is luteinizing hormone needed for optimal ovulation induction?","volume":"14","author":"Balasch","year":"2002","journal-title":"Curr. 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