{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T17:35:11Z","timestamp":1787160911580,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,3]],"date-time":"2024-10-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1727913600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Pharmacol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is the enlargement of the prostate gland, primarily occurring in aging men, in which transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-\u03b2) plays a critical role in prostate cell hyperproliferation and leads to uncomfortable urinary symptoms in BPH patients.\n                      <jats:italic>Pterocarpus indicus<\/jats:italic>\n                      Willd. is well known for its ethnopharmacological applications for treating ailments such as diuresis and bladder stones.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This study aimed to examine the effect of\n                      <jats:italic>P. indicus<\/jats:italic>\n                      extract (PI extract) on TGF-\u03b2-induced WPMY-1 cell proliferation, followed by bioassay-guided fractionation to isolate the active metabolites. Angolensin (Ang) and maackiain (Mac) were isolated from bioassay-guided fractionation. Network analysis was performed to investigate the potential mechanisms. Furthermore, network analysis of the Ang-Mac combination in BPH highlighted the potential top ten pathways, including PI3K\/AKT signaling pathway. Accordingly, subsequent investigation focused on evaluating the effect of PI extract, Ang, Mac, and Ang-Mac combination on the expression of PCNA, p53, and PI3K\/AKT protein localization and expression.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results and discussion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Results revealed inhibition of cell proliferation in TGF-\u03b2-induced WPMY-1 cells, correlating with downregulated PCNA expression. While PI extract and Mac induced apoptosis via p53 upregulation, Ang and Ang-Mac combination did not significantly affect apoptosis through the p53 pathway. Additionally, both metabolites exhibited potent inhibition of p-PI3K and p-AKT protein localization and expression in the nucleus of TGF-\u03b2-induced WPMY-1 cells. This study suggests that PI extract, Ang, and Mac are promising compounds for treating BPH, as evidenced by\n                      <jats:italic>in silico<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                      studies. Additionally, Ang and Mac could be used to standardize PI extract in future investigations.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2024.1452887","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,3]],"date-time":"2024-10-03T08:30:41Z","timestamp":1727944241000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Bioassay-guided isolation of two antiproliferative metabolites from Pterocarpus indicus Willd. against TGF-\u03b2-induced prostate stromal cells (WPMY-1) proliferation via PI3K\/AKT signaling pathway"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"San Yoon","family":"Nwe","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tamonwan","family":"Uttarawichien","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Teerawat","family":"Boonsom","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wisuwat","family":"Thongphichai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peththa Wadu","family":"Dasuni Wasana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Boonchoo","family":"Sritularak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Witchuda","family":"Payuhakrit","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Suchada","family":"Sukrong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pasarapa","family":"Towiwat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1515\/znc-2024-0044","article-title":"In vitro antibacterial and antioxidant activity of flavonoids from the roots of Tephrosia vogelii: a combined experimental and computational study","volume":"79","author":"Abera","year":"2024","journal-title":"Z. f\u00fcr Naturforsch. 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