{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T13:09:27Z","timestamp":1787749767216,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":74,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,23]],"date-time":"2024-10-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1729641600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Pharmacol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>Respiratory diseases encompass a diverse range of conditions that significantly impact global morbidity and mortality. While common diseases like asthma and COPD exhibit moderate symptoms, less prevalent conditions such as pulmonary hypertension and cystic fibrosis profoundly affect quality of life and mortality. The prevalence of these diseases has surged by approximately 40% over the past 3\u00a0decades. Despite advancements in pharmacotherapy, challenges in drug administration, adherence, and adverse effects persist. This study aimed to develop and perform an interim validation of a Capacity-Motivation-Opportunity (CMO) model tailored for respiratory outpatients to enhance pharmaceutical care, which is the direct, responsible provision of medication-related care for the purpose of achieving definite outcomes that improve a patient\u2019s quality of life, and overall wellbeing.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methodology<\/jats:title><jats:p>This cross-sectional, multicenter study was conducted from March 2022 to March 2023. It comprised four phases: 1) forming an expert panel of 15 hospital pharmacists, 2) selecting respiratory pathologies based on prevalence and severity, 3) developing the CMO model\u2019s pillars, and 4) integrating and conducting an interim validation of the model. The Capacity pillar focused on patient stratification and personalized care; the Motivation pillar aligned therapeutic goals through motivational interviewing; and the Opportunity pillar promoted the use of information and communication technologies (ICTs) for telemedicine.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The model included eight respiratory diseases based on expert assessment. For the Capacity pillar, 22 variables were defined for patient stratification, leading to three priority levels for personalized pharmaceutical care. In a preliminary test involving 201 patients across six hospitals, the stratification tool effectively classified patients according to their needs. The Motivation pillar adapted motivational interviewing techniques to support patient adherence and behavior change. The Opportunity pillar established teleconsultation protocols and ICT tools to enhance patient monitoring and care coordination.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The CMO model, tailored for respiratory patients, provides a comprehensive framework for improving pharmaceutical care. By focusing on patient-centered care, aligning therapeutic goals, and leveraging technology, this model addresses the multifaceted needs of individuals with respiratory conditions. Future studies are necessary to validate this model in other healthcare systems and ensure its broad applicability.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2024.1461473","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,23]],"date-time":"2024-10-23T05:12:32Z","timestamp":1729660352000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Transforming respiratory diseases management: a CMO-based hospital pharmaceutical care model"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Borja","family":"Zarate-Tamames","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Noe","family":"Garin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marta","family":"Calvin-Lamas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sonia","family":"Jornet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jose J.","family":"Martinez-Simon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sara","family":"Garcia-Gil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eva M.","family":"Garcia-Rebolledo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ramon","family":"Morillo-Verdugo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vhri.2020.01.004","article-title":"The impact of the pharmaceutical care management model of hepatitis C medications on the cost at health insurance level","volume":"21","author":"Almahdi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Value Health Reg. Issues"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"705","DOI":"10.1093\/ajhp\/60.7.705","article-title":"ASHP guidelines on documenting pharmaceutical care in patient medical records","volume":"60","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am. J. Health-Syst Pharm."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.2147\/CPAA.S213271","article-title":"Role of the pharmacist in improving inhaler technique and asthma management in rural areas in Jordan","volume":"11","author":"Basheti","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin. Pharmacol. Adv. Appl."},{"key":"B74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"585","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(20)30105-3","article-title":"Prevalence and attributable health burden of chronic respiratory diseases, 1990\u20132017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017","volume":"8","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet Respir. Med."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"898","DOI":"10.1007\/s11096-011-9579-x","article-title":"Development of a pharmacist collaborative care program for pulmonary arterial hypertension","volume":"33","author":"Bedouch","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int. J. Clin. Pharm."},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1295","DOI":"10.1002\/pds.4059","article-title":"The impact of adherence to inhaled drugs on 5-year survival in COPD patients: a time dependent approach","volume":"25","author":"Belleudi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pharmacoepidemiol. Drug Saf."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2314","DOI":"10.1111\/hex.13571","article-title":"The Ecology of Engagement: fostering cooperative efforts in health with patients and communities","volume":"25","author":"Boivin","year":"2022","journal-title":"Health Expect."},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1016\/0168-8510(96)00822-6","article-title":"EuroQol: the current state of play","volume":"37","author":"Brooks","year":"1996","journal-title":"Health Policy Amst. Neth."},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e157","DOI":"10.1136\/ejhpharm-2020-002330","article-title":"Impact and acceptance of pharmacist-led interventions during HIV care in a third-level hospital in Spain using the Capacity-Motivation-Opportunity pharmaceutical care model: the IRAFE study","volume":"28","author":"Cantillana-Su\u00e1rez","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur. J. Hosp. Pharm."},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"860","DOI":"10.1093\/ajhp\/zxac070","article-title":"Effectiveness of telepharmacy diabetes services: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"79","author":"Cao","year":"2022","journal-title":"Am. J. Health-Syst Pharm."},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1004","DOI":"10.23938\/ASSN.1004","article-title":"Effectiveness on adherence to biological drugs and experience of a pharmaceutical intervention based on CMO model in patients with rheumatic disease (AdhER-2 study)","volume":"45","author":"Caso-Gonz\u00e1lez","year":"2022","journal-title":"An. Sist. Sanit. Navar."},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e066246","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2022-066246","article-title":"Systematic literature review of adopting eHealth in pharmaceutical care during COVID-19 pandemic: recommendations for strengthening pharmacy services","volume":"12","author":"Cen","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"616","DOI":"10.1111\/cea.14112","article-title":"Real\u2010world efficacy of treatment with benralizumab, dupilumab, mepolizumab and reslizumab for severe asthma: a systematic review and meta\u2010analysis","volume":"52","author":"Charles","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Allergy"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.12195","article-title":"The potential for motivational interviewing to improve outcomes in the management of diabetes and obesity in paediatric and adult populations: a clinical review","volume":"16","author":"Christie","year":"2014","journal-title":"Diabetes Obes. Metab."},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1185","DOI":"10.2147\/PPA.S66619","article-title":"Effects of a pharmaceutical care model on medication adherence and glycemic control of people with type 2 diabetes","volume":"8","author":"Chung","year":"2014","journal-title":"Adherence"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e045520","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2020-045520","article-title":"Changing relationships: how does patient involvement transform professional identity? An ethnographic study","volume":"11","author":"Codsi","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eimce.2023.04.020","article-title":"Correlates of one-year mortality among patients living with HIV according to the stratification level of the pharmaceutical care model","volume":"42","author":"Contreras-Mac\u00edas","year":"2023","journal-title":"Enferm. Infecc. Microbiol. Clin. Engl. Ed."},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-130-4-199902161-00005","article-title":"Implementation of a hospitalist system in a large health maintenance organization: the Kaiser Permanente experience","volume":"130","author":"Craig","year":"1999","journal-title":"Ann. Intern. Med."},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100193","DOI":"10.1016\/j.opresp.2022.100193","article-title":"Telemedicine guide for patients on home respiratory therapies (Tele-HRT)","volume":"4","author":"D\u00edaz Lobato","year":"2022","journal-title":"Open Respir. Arch."},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1080\/09540120701593489","article-title":"Using motivational interviewing to promote adherence to antiretroviral medications: a randomized controlled study","volume":"20","author":"DiIorio","year":"2008","journal-title":"AIDS Care"},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e041563","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2020-041563","article-title":"Clinical evaluation of pharmacists\u2019 interventions on multidisciplinary lung transplant outpatients\u2019 management: results of a 7-year observational study","volume":"10","author":"Duwez","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.324.7330.135","article-title":"Getting more for their dollar: a comparison of the NHS with California\u2019s Kaiser Permanente Commentary: Funding is not the only factor Commentary: same price, better care Commentary: competition made them do it","volume":"324","author":"Feachem","year":"2002","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.202206-1132LE","article-title":"A pilot randomized controlled trial of an intervention to improve perception of lung function in older adults with asthma","volume":"207","author":"Feldman","year":"2023","journal-title":"Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med."},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1186\/s12890-021-01783-1","article-title":"Efficacy of antifibrotic drugs, nintedanib and pirfenidone, in treatment of progressive pulmonary fibrosis in both idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) and non-IPF: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"21","author":"Finnerty","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMC Pulm. Med."},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"414","DOI":"10.3390\/ph16030414","article-title":"Clinical impact of electronic monitoring devices of inhalers in adults with asthma or COPD: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"16","author":"Garin","year":"2023","journal-title":"Pharm. (Basel)"},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1016\/j.farma.2024.02.006","article-title":"Pharmaceutical care in respiratory diseases: current situation and opportunities for Hospital Pharmacy in Spain","author":"Garin","year":"2024","journal-title":"Farm. Hosp."},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.37201\/req\/025.2021","article-title":"Influence of CMO pharmaceutical care model-based intervention on readmission rate in high risk HIV patients: the INFARDAR study","volume":"34","author":"Guzm\u00e1n Ramos","year":"2021","journal-title":"Rev. Esp. Quimioter."},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1257","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.327.7426.1257","article-title":"Hospital bed utilisation in the NHS, Kaiser Permanente, and the US Medicare programme: analysis of routine data","volume":"327","author":"Ham","year":"2003","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1177\/106002809603000305","article-title":"Evaluation of a pharmaceutical care model on diabetes management","volume":"30","author":"Jaber","year":"1996","journal-title":"Ann. Pharmacother."},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.15326\/jcopdf.2019.0175","article-title":"Comprehensive and collaborative pharmacist transitions of care service for underserved patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease","volume":"8","author":"Kim","year":"2021","journal-title":"Chronic Obstr. Pulm. Dis."},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(20)30157-0","article-title":"Chronic respiratory diseases: a global view","volume":"8","author":"Labaki","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet Respir. Med."},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1555","DOI":"10.2147\/PPA.S66966","article-title":"Efficacy of brief motivational interviewing to improve adherence to inhaled corticosteroids among adult asthmatics: results from a randomized controlled pilot feasibility trial","volume":"8","author":"Lavoie","year":"2014","journal-title":"Patient prefer. Adherence"},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.2147\/DDDT.S286315","article-title":"Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease treatment and pharmacist-led medication management","volume":"15","author":"Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"Drug Des. devel. Ther."},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"571906","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2020.571906","article-title":"Drug-related problems identified during pharmacy intervention and consultation: implementation of an intensive care unit pharmaceutical care model","volume":"11","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Pharmacol."},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2757","DOI":"10.2147\/COPD.S383914","article-title":"Effectiveness of hospital pharmacist interventions for COPD patients: a systematic literature review and logic model","volume":"17","author":"Lin","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Chron. Obstruct. Pulmon. Dis."},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1177\/17151635211061141","article-title":"Hospital pharmacist discharge care is independently associated with reduced risk of readmissions for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a propensity-matched cohort study","volume":"155","author":"Makari","year":"2021","journal-title":"Can. Pharm. J. (Ott)"},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1481","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2013.04.005","article-title":"Adherence to inhaled therapies, health outcomes and costs in patients with asthma and COPD","volume":"107","author":"M\u00e4kel\u00e4","year":"2013","journal-title":"Respir. Med."},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1124","DOI":"10.18553\/jmcp.2015.21.12.1124","article-title":"Asthma controller medication adherence, risk of exacerbation, and use of rescue agents among Texas medicaid patients with persistent asthma","volume":"21","author":"Makhinova","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Manag. Care Spec. Pharm."},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1186\/s40545-017-0127-5","article-title":"Exploring the extended role of the community pharmacist in improving blood pressure control among hypertensive patients in a developing setting","volume":"10","author":"Marfo","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Pharm. Policy Pract."},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"938","DOI":"10.1007\/s11096-020-01200-3","article-title":"Remote pharmaceutical care for patients with rheumatoid arthritis and psoriasis","volume":"43","author":"Mart\u00ednez-Santana","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Clin. Pharm."},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.37201\/req\/105.2023","article-title":"Comparison of quality of life in patients living with HIV infection through pharmaceutical care according to CMO methodology vs. conventional follow-up. MAS-VIH project","volume":"37","author":"Mart\u00ednez Sesmero","year":"2024","journal-title":"Rev. Esp. Quimioter."},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201810-1944CI","article-title":"Role of biologics in asthma","volume":"199","author":"McGregor","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med."},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2991","DOI":"10.2147\/JMDH.S392398","article-title":"Patient experience evaluation of the CMO-based pharmaceutical care model vs usual care in people living with HIV","volume":"15","author":"Morillo-Verdugo","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Multidiscip. Healthc."},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1037","DOI":"10.2147\/jmdh.s406636","article-title":"Evaluation of patient experience with A model of coordinated telematic pharmaceutical care between hospital and rural pharmacies in Spain: a proof of concept","volume":"16","author":"Morillo-Verdugo","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Multidiscip. Healthc."},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1097\/00005650-198601000-00007","article-title":"Concurrent and predictive validity of a self-reported measure of medication adherence","volume":"24","author":"Morisky","year":"1986","journal-title":"Med. Care"},{"key":"B45","first-page":"241","article-title":"Effects of motivational interviewing on treatment adherence among patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a randomized controlled clinical trial","volume":"17","author":"Naderloo","year":"2018","journal-title":"Tanaffos"},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2019.05.006","article-title":"Impact of pharmaceutical care in the improvement of medication adherence and quality of life for COPD patients in Vietnam","volume":"153","author":"Nguyen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Respir. Med."},{"key":"B47","first-page":"283","article-title":"Good practices in health care management: Kaiser Permanente case","volume":"5","author":"Nu\u00f1o Solin\u00eds","year":"2007","journal-title":"Rev. Adm. Sanit. Siglo XXI"},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1177\/87551225231190567","article-title":"Effectiveness of telepharmacy in rural communities in africa: a scoping review","volume":"39","author":"Nwachuya","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Pharm. Technol."},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"532","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph19010532","article-title":"Digital health interventions by clinical pharmacists: a systematic review","volume":"19","author":"Park","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Environ. Res. Public. Health"},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"220036","DOI":"10.1183\/16000617.0036-2022","article-title":"Medications for the treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension: a systematic review and network meta-analysis","volume":"31","author":"Pitre","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur. Respir."},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1089\/jamp.2015.1212","article-title":"Validation of the \u201ctest of the adherence to inhalers\u201d (TAI) for asthma and COPD patients","volume":"29","author":"Plaza","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Aerosol Med. Pulm. Drug Deliv."},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.1007\/s11892-014-0531-z","article-title":"Motivational interviewing to promote adherence behaviors in pediatric type 1 diabetes","volume":"14","author":"Powell","year":"2014","journal-title":"Curr. Diab. Rep."},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.1037\/h0088437","article-title":"Transtheoretical therapy: toward a more integrative model of change","volume":"19","author":"Prochaska","year":"1982","journal-title":"Psychother. (Chic)"},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1186\/s12890-021-01685-2","article-title":"Effect of counselling during pulmonary rehabilitation on self-determined motivation to be physically active for people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a pragmatic RCT","volume":"21","author":"Rausch Osthoff","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMC Pulm. Med."},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1769","DOI":"10.3390\/cells11111769","article-title":"CFTR modulators in people with cystic fibrosis: real-world evidence in France","volume":"11","author":"Regard","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1043","DOI":"10.4187\/respcare.04984","article-title":"Effect of a motivational interviewing-based health coaching on quality of life in subjects with COPD","volume":"62","author":"Rehman","year":"2017","journal-title":"Respir. Care"},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"394","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chest.2016.03.041","article-title":"Systematic review of errors in inhaler use: has patient technique improved over time?","volume":"150","author":"Sanchis","year":"2016","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0187335","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0187335","article-title":"Motivational interviewing in respiratory therapy: what do clinicians need to make it part of routine care? A qualitative study","volume":"12","author":"Shannon","year":"2017","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"key":"B59","unstructured":"Model for the selection and pharmaceutical care of pediatric chronic patients2014"},{"key":"B60","unstructured":"The CMO model in outpatient consultations of Hospital Pharmacy2016"},{"key":"B61","unstructured":"Adaptation of the pharmaceutical care model (CMO) for patients with oncological and hematological neoplasms2020"},{"key":"B62","unstructured":"Patient prioritization model in telepharmacy2022"},{"key":"B63","unstructured":"Adaptation of the pharmaceutical care model (CMO) for patients living with HIV infection2023"},{"key":"B64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4373","DOI":"10.1002\/nop2.1679","article-title":"Effect of motivational interviewing on treatment adherence and self-efficacy of adolescents with asthma: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"10","author":"Taheri","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nurs. Open"},{"key":"B65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"756","DOI":"10.1111\/bcp.12242","article-title":"Effectiveness of pharmaceutical care for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (PHARMACOP): a randomized controlled trial","volume":"77","author":"Tommelein","year":"2014","journal-title":"Br. J. Clin. Pharmacol."},{"key":"B66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmacy9040183","article-title":"Telepharmacy during COVID-19: a scoping review","volume":"9","author":"Unni","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pharm. (Basel)"},{"key":"B67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.18176\/jiaci.0752","article-title":"Exploring adherence to treatment in nasal polyposis","volume":"32","author":"Valverde-Monge","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Investig. Allergol. Clin. Immunol."},{"key":"B68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"939","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.2009.113662","article-title":"Adherence to inhaled therapy, mortality and hospital admission in COPD","volume":"64","author":"Vestbo","year":"2009","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"B69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3174","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pec.2022.07.019","article-title":"Effectiveness of motivational interviewing among patients with COPD: a systematic review with meta-analysis and trial sequential analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"105","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Patient Educ. Couns."},{"key":"B70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"929","DOI":"10.1007\/s11096-023-01575-z","article-title":"The effect of pharmacist-initiated perioperative multidisciplinary pharmaceutical care model and clinical pathway on pain management in patients undergoing orthopedic surgery: a before-after study","volume":"45","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. J. Clin. Pharm."},{"key":"B71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"656","DOI":"10.3978\/j.issn.2072-1439.2014.06.20","article-title":"Effect of pharmaceutical care on medication adherence and hospital admission in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD): a randomized controlled study","volume":"6","author":"Wei","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Thorac. Dis."},{"key":"B72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1023\/b:phar.0000013465.24857.a8","article-title":"Pharmaceutical care model for patients with type 2 diabetes: integration of the community pharmacist into the diabetes team--a pilot study","volume":"26","author":"Wermeille","year":"2004","journal-title":"Pharm. World Sci. PWS"},{"key":"B73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.5603\/PiAP.2014.0015","article-title":"Factors influencing adherence to treatment in COPD patients and its relationship with disease exacerbations","volume":"82","author":"Wi\u015bniewski","year":"2014","journal-title":"Pneumonol. Alergol. Pol."}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Pharmacology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fphar.2024.1461473\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,24]],"date-time":"2024-10-24T07:28:25Z","timestamp":1729754905000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fphar.2024.1461473\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,23]]},"references-count":74,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fphar.2024.1461473"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fphar.2024.1461473","relation":{},"ISSN":["1663-9812"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1663-9812","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,23]]},"article-number":"1461473"}}