{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,10]],"date-time":"2026-06-10T16:26:59Z","timestamp":1781108819615,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,20]],"date-time":"2024-09-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1726790400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Pharmacol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>Visceral pain represents the most common digestive issue, frequently resulting from long-term inflammation, such as inflammatory bowel diseases. The lack of effective drugs prompted search of new therapeutic approaches. In this regard, gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and <jats:italic>Melissa officinalis<\/jats:italic> (Mo) appear as excellent candidates as they were recognized to have several positive effects on the digestive system. The aim of this research was to evaluate the effects of a compound containing GABA and Mo (GABA-Mo 5:1) in inflammation-induced intestinal damage and visceral pain.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Colitis was induced in rats by intrarectal 2,4-dinitrobenzenesulfonic acid (DNBS) administration. DNBS-treated animals received GABA-Mo (80\u00a0mg\/kg BID), starting 3\u00a0days before DNBS administration, until 14\u00a0days after colitis induction (preventive protocol), or starting 7\u00a0days after DNBS until day 21 (curative protocol). Visceral pain was assessed by measuring the viscero-motor response (VMR) and the abdominal withdrawal reflex (AWR) to colorectal distension on day 7, 14 (both protocols) and 21 (curative protocol) after DNBS administration.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>In the preventive protocol, GABA-Mo reduced AWR at day 14 but had no effect on VMR. In the spinal cord, treatment with GABA-Mo significantly prevented microglia reactivity (Iba-1 positive cells). In the colon, the supplement significantly decreased malondialdehyde (MDA, index of oxidative stress) and IL-1\u03b2 levels and counteracted the decreased expression of claudin-1. Moreover, GABA-Mo normalized the increased levels of plasma lipopolysaccharide binding protein (LBP, index of altered intestinal permeability). In the curative protocol, GABA-Mo significantly counteracted visceral hypersensitivity persistence in DNBS-treated animals (day 14 and 21). In the spinal cord, GABA-Mo significantly reduced GFAP positive cell density (astrocytes). Histological evaluations highlighted a mild but significant effect of GABA-Mo in promoting healing from DNBS-induced colon damage. Colonic MDA and myeloperoxidase (index of leukocyte infiltration) levels were reduced, while the decreased colonic claudin-1 expression was normalized. In addition, the increased levels of plasma LBP were normalized by GABA-Mo administration.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title><jats:p>In conclusion GABA-Mo, particularly in the curative protocol, was able to reduce visceral pain and intestinal inflammation, likely through a reinforcement of intestinal barrier integrity, thus representing a suitable approach for the management of abdominal pain, especially in the remission stages of colitis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2024.1466824","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,20]],"date-time":"2024-09-20T04:35:29Z","timestamp":1726806929000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Evaluation of the beneficial effects of a GABA-based product containing Melissa officinalis on post-inflammatory irritable bowel syndrome: a preclinical study"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Elena","family":"Lucarini","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Benvenuti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Clelia","family":"Di Salvo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vanessa","family":"D\u2019Antongiovanni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carolina","family":"Pellegrini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giulia","family":"Valdiserra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Clara","family":"Ciampi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luca","family":"Antonioli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christian","family":"Lambiase","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lorenzo","family":"Cancelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonio","family":"Grosso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lorenzo","family":"Di Cesare Mannelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Massimo","family":"Bellini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carla","family":"Ghelardini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matteo","family":"Fornai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2214","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-021-15825-y","article-title":"Melissa officinalis L. ameliorates oxidative stress and inflammation and upregulates Nrf2\/HO-1 signaling in the hippocampus of pilocarpine-induced rats","volume":"29","author":"Abd Allah","year":"2022","journal-title":"Environ. 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