{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T11:17:59Z","timestamp":1792840679988,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":67,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,23]],"date-time":"2024-12-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1734912000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Pharmacol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Huntington disease (HD), a neurodegenerative autosomal dominant disorder, is characterized by involuntary choreatic movements with cognitive and behavioral disturbances. Up to now, no therapeutic strategies are available to completely ameliorate the progression of HD. <jats:italic>Schisandra chinensis<\/jats:italic> has various pharmacologic effects such as antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. However, the neuroprotective value of seed oil of <jats:italic>S. chinensis<\/jats:italic> (SOSC) has not been elucidated yet. The purpose of this study was to determine neuroprotective effects of SOSC by supercritical fluid extraction against 3-nitropropionic acid (3-NPA)-induced HD-like symptoms and neuropathology in an experimental mouse model.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>SOSC (75, 150, and 300\u00a0mg\/kg\/day) was orally pre-administration once daily at 1\u00a0hour before 3-NPA intoxication.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>SOSC ameliorated movement dysfunction and lethality following 3-NPA intoxication in connection with reduction of lesion area, neurodegeneration\/apoptosis, microglial migration\/activation, and mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines\/enzymes in the striatum. SOSC inhibited the activation of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-\u03baB) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPKs) pathways but stimulated nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) in the striatum after 3-NPA intoxication. Schizandrin, a main component of SOSC, reduced protein expression levels of Iba-1 and p-NF-\u03baB in 3-NPA-induced BV2 cells (murine microglia cell line). BV2 cell\u2019s conditioned medium inhibited cleaved caspase-3 in 3-NPA-induced SH-SY5Y cells (a neuroblastoma cell line).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>SOSC might ameliorate movement dysfunction by inhibiting neuropathology through its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities in the striata of 3-NPA-intoxicated mice. These findings suggest that SOSC could serve as a promising therapeutic candidate for HD-like symptoms, providing a foundation for future treatment strategies targeting neuroinflammation and oxidative stress.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2024.1471024","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,23]],"date-time":"2024-12-23T06:39:28Z","timestamp":1734935968000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["A supercritical oil extract of Schisandra chinensis seeds ameliorates Huntington\u2019s disease-like symptoms and neuropathology: the potential role of anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory effects"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Hyo-Sung","family":"Jo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Youn-Woo","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"So-Ri","family":"Son","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dae Sik","family":"Jang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tae","family":"Woo Kwon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yujeong","family":"Ha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sang-Kwan","family":"Moon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Min Soo","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ik-Hyun","family":"Cho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1038\/s41573-020-00114-z","article-title":"Natural products in drug discovery: advances and opportunities","volume":"20","author":"Atanasov","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. 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