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Pharmacol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:italic>Colocasia affinis<\/jats:italic> Schott and <jats:italic>Colocasia gigantea<\/jats:italic> Hook.f. are two commonly found vegetable species of the genus <jats:italic>Colocasia<\/jats:italic>, found mainly in the Asian region.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>The objective of this study was to isolate bioactive phytochemicals from <jats:italic>C. affinis<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>C. gigantea<\/jats:italic> and elucidate their structure employing the NMR technique followed by bioactivity evaluation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methodology<\/jats:title><jats:p>Column chromatography was utilized to isolate phytochemicals, followed by NMR analysis for characterization. An <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic> analgesic test was performed through an acetic acid-induced writhing test, an anti-inflammatory test was performed through a formalin-induced licking test, and an antidiarrheal test was performed through a castor oil-induced diarrhea model. The <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> antimicrobial test was executed through the disc diffusion method. Computer-aided simulation was also implemented to validate the wet laboratory results.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Six compounds from <jats:italic>C. affinis<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>C. gigantea<\/jats:italic> were isolated and characterized from the dichloromethane (DCM)-soluble fractions of the methanolic extracts of these two species. Three of the compounds were from <jats:italic>C. gigantea<\/jats:italic> and proposed as penduletin <jats:bold>(C1)<\/jats:bold>, a mixture of \u03b1-amyrin <jats:bold>(C2a)<\/jats:bold>, \u03b2-amyrin <jats:bold>(C2b)<\/jats:bold>, and monoglyceride of stearic acid <jats:bold>(C3),<\/jats:bold> while the remaining three compounds were from <jats:italic>C. affinis<\/jats:italic> and proposed as penduletin <jats:bold>(C4)<\/jats:bold> (which was also isolated from <jats:italic>C. gigantea<\/jats:italic>), 7,8-(3\u2033,3\u2033-dimethyl-pyrano)-4\u2032-hydroxy flavonol <jats:bold>(C5)<\/jats:bold>, and lastly a mixture of 7,8-(3\u2033,3\u2033-dimethyl-pyrano)-4\u2032-hydroxy flavonol <jats:bold>(C5)<\/jats:bold> and 4\u2032,7,8-trihydroxy flavonol <jats:bold>(C6)<\/jats:bold>. These compounds showed promising zones of inhibition against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and fungi. In the antidiarrheal test, <jats:bold>C5<\/jats:bold> demonstrated the highest reduction in castor oil-induced diarrhea (44.44%) at a dose of 20\u00a0mg\/kg compared to loperamide\u2019s 77.78% reduction. However, the analgesic assessment showed a noteworthy inhibition of acetic acid-induced writhing by <jats:bold>C1\/C4<\/jats:bold> and <jats:bold>C2<\/jats:bold> (56.52%) at a dose of 20\u00a0mg\/kg compared to the 76.09% by diclofenac sodium. In comparison, <jats:bold>C2<\/jats:bold> showed pronounced anti-inflammatory action by 68.15% and 52.06% reduction, respectively, in the early and later phases compared to the ibuprofen\u2019s outcomes of 73.54% and 74.68%. Plausible targets such as dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) for antimicrobial, kappa opioid receptor (KOR) for antidiarrheal, and cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) for anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities showed a noteworthy binding affinity with isolated compounds, and ADME\/T studies displayed these phytochemicals\u2019 drug-likeness profiles.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on compound isolation from these plants, which demands further extensive research for more absolute findings.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2024.1474706","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,4]],"date-time":"2024-12-04T04:32:47Z","timestamp":1733286767000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["First-time report on compound isolation from two Colocasia species: vegetable-derived bioactive metabolites and their medicinal potential"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Safaet","family":"Alam","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fahmida Tasnim","family":"Richi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nazim Uddin","family":"Emon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abu Asad","family":"Chowdhury","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Choudhury Mahmood","family":"Hasan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammad Rashedul","family":"Haque","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.21608\/ejhm.2005.18115","article-title":"Effect of fractionated and single doses gamma irradiation on certain mammalian organs","volume":"19","author":"Abdel Motaal","year":"2005","journal-title":"Egypt. 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