{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T20:40:25Z","timestamp":1791578425538,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,22]],"date-time":"2024-10-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1729555200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Pharmacol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress play important roles in diabetic retinal vascular injuries. Honokiol (HKL) is a small-molecule polyphenol that exhibits antioxidant effects and has a beneficial effect in diabetes. This study aimed to explore the potential ability of HKL to ameliorate vascular injury in diabetic retinopathy (DR) and its possible mechanisms of action.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The effect of HKL was evaluated in vascular injury in an\n                      <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                      type 2 diabetic (db\/db) mouse model.\n                      <jats:italic>In vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                      , retinal microvascular endothelial cells were treated with high glucose (HG) to simulate the pathological diabetic environment. Cell viability, expression of apoptosis-related proteins, cellular reactive oxygen species, mitochondrial membrane potential, and morphological changes in the mitochondria were examined.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The diabetic mice exhibited severe retinal vascular damage, including vascular leakage\n                      <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                      and capillary endothelial cell apoptosis\n                      <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                      . HKL reversed the retinal vascular leakage in the diabetic mice.\n                      <jats:italic>In vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                      , HKL improved retinal capillary endothelial cell viability, decreased apoptosis, and reversed the HG-induced increased cellular oxidative stress and mitochondrial fragmentation. The sirtuin 3 (SIRT3) inhibitor 3-TYP blocked all the\n                      <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                      protective effects of HKL against diabetic retinal vascular leakage and capillary endothelium and eliminated the decrease in oxidative stress levels and reduction of mitochondrial fragmentation.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In conclusion, these findings suggest that HKL inhibits vascular injury in DR, which was likely achieved through SIRT3-mediated mitochondrial fusion. This study provides a potential new strategy for the treatment of DR.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2024.1485831","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,22]],"date-time":"2024-10-22T00:59:34Z","timestamp":1729558774000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Honokiol protects against diabetic retinal microvascular injury via sirtuin 3-mediated mitochondrial fusion"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Jiemei","family":"Shi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Min","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiajie","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ye","family":"Tan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chunhui","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"123399","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2023.123399","article-title":"Preparation, characterization, and pharmacological application of oral Honokiol-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles for diabetic neuropathy","volume":"645","author":"Bibi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. 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