{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,4]],"date-time":"2026-04-04T21:31:32Z","timestamp":1775338292550,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,5]],"date-time":"2024-11-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1730764800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Pharmacol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>Exposure to fine particulate matter (PM<jats:sub>2.5<\/jats:sub>) is known to be associated with cardiovascular diseases. Sesamin (Ses) is a natural phenolic compound found in sesame seeds and sesame oil. Ferroptosis is a novel mode of cell death characterised by iron-dependent lipid peroxidation. This study aims to explore whether PM<jats:sub>2.5<\/jats:sub> can induce ferroptosis in H9C2 cells and to investigate the precise protective mechanism of Ses.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Based on transcriptomic data, PM<jats:sub>2.5<\/jats:sub> may induce ferroptosis in cardiomyocytes. The ferroptosis inducer erastin and ferroptosis inhibitor ferrostatin-1 (Fer-1) were used to illustrate the mechanisms involved in PM<jats:sub>2.5<\/jats:sub>-induced H9C2 cell injury. Using network pharmacology, the pharmacological mechanism and potential therapy targets of Ses were explored for the treatment of PM<jats:sub>2.5<\/jats:sub>-induced cardiomyocyte injury. H9C2 cells were cultured and pretreated with Fer-1 or different concentrations of Ses, and then cardiomyocyte injury model was established using erastin or PM<jats:sub>2.5<\/jats:sub>. Indicators of oxidative responses, including total superoxide dismutase, reduced glutathione, glutathione peroxidase and malondialdehyde, were measured. The expression levels of ferroptosis-related proteins were determined through Western blot analysis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Results demonstrate that PM<jats:sub>2.5<\/jats:sub> induces ferroptosis in H9C2 cells and Ses exerts a protective effect by suppressing ACSL4-mediated ferroptosis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Overall, these findings elucidate a novel mechanism by which Ses ameliorates the detrimental effects of PM<jats:sub>2.5<\/jats:sub> on cardiomyocytes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2024.1486563","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,5]],"date-time":"2024-11-05T04:48:17Z","timestamp":1730782097000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Exploring the mechanism of sesamin for the treatment of PM2.5-induced cardiomyocyte damage based on transcriptomics, network pharmacology and experimental verification"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Yadong","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rui","family":"Wen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jingyi","family":"Ren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Huanting","family":"Pei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jinshi","family":"Zuo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yuxia","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.3390\/biom13020196","article-title":"Chronic exposure to low-molecular-weight polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons promotes lipid accumulation and metabolic inflammation","volume":"13","author":"Bright","year":"2023","journal-title":"Biomolecules"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102288","DOI":"10.1016\/j.redox.2022.102288","article-title":"Empagliflozin attenuates cardiac microvascular ischemia\/reperfusion through activating the AMPK\u03b11\/ULK1\/FUNDC1\/mitophagy pathway","volume":"52","author":"Cai","year":"2022","journal-title":"Redox Biol."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"609","DOI":"10.1002\/jat.3249","article-title":"Overproduction of reactive oxygen species and activation of MAPKs are involved in apoptosis induced by PM2.5 in rat cardiac H9c2 cells","volume":"36","author":"Cao","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. 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