{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,28]],"date-time":"2026-10-28T00:47:04Z","timestamp":1793148424187,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":70,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,30]],"date-time":"2024-10-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1730246400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007129","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ZR2020MC059 RH2200000157"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZR2020MC059 RH2200000157"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007129","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Pharmacol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Ferroptosis plays a vital role in the progression of various retinal diseases. The analysis of the mechanism of retinal cell ferroptosis has brought new targeted strategies for treating retinal vascular diseases, retinal degeneration and retinal nerve diseases, and is also a major scientific issue in the field of ferroptosis. In this review, we summarized results from currently available <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> studies of multiple eye disease models, clarified the pathological role and molecular mechanism of ferroptosis in retinal diseases, summed up the existing pharmacological agents targeting ferroptosis in retinal diseases as well as highlighting where future research efforts should be directed for the application of ferroptosis targeting agents. This review indicates that ferroptosis of retinal cells is involved in the progression of age-related\/inherited macular degeneration, blue light-induced retinal degeneration, glaucoma, diabetic retinopathy, and retinal damage caused by retinal ischemia-reperfusion via multiple molecular mechanisms. Nearly 20 agents or extracts, including iron chelators and transporters, antioxidants, pharmacodynamic elements from traditional Chinese medicine, ferroptosis-related protein inhibitors, and neuroprotective agents, have a remissioning effect on retinal disease in animal models via ferroptosis inhibition. However, just a limited number of agents have received approval or are undergoing clinical trials for conditions such as iron overload-related diseases. The application of most ferroptosis-targeting agents in retinal diseases is still in the preclinical stage, and there are no clinical trials yet. Future research should focus on the development of more potent ferroptosis inhibitors, improved drug properties, and ideally clinical testing related to retinal diseases.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2024.1489877","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,30]],"date-time":"2024-10-30T05:45:39Z","timestamp":1730267139000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Targeting ferroptosis: a novel therapeutic strategy for the treatment of retinal diseases"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Xiao-Dan","family":"Hao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wen-Hua","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoping","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Junqiang","family":"Xue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nutres.2008.11.005","article-title":"Lycium barbarum (goji) juice improves in vivo antioxidant biomarkers in serum of healthy adults","volume":"29","author":"Amagase","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nutr. Res."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"943","DOI":"10.1002\/ajh.25103","article-title":"The effect of iron chelation therapy on overall survival in sickle cell disease and \u03b2-thalassemia: a systematic review","volume":"93","author":"Ballas","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am. J. Hematol."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"836","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics12090836","article-title":"Transferrin non-viral gene therapy for treatment of retinal degeneration","volume":"12","author":"Bigot","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pharmaceutics"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100187","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.RA120.015779","article-title":"Ferroptosis drives photoreceptor degeneration in mice with defects in all-trans-retinal clearance","volume":"296","author":"Chen","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2022.12.008","article-title":"Induction of ferroptosis by HO-1 contributes to retinal degeneration in mice with defective clearance of all-trans-retinal","volume":"194","author":"Chen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Free Radic. Biol. Med."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1038\/s41418-022-00941-0","article-title":"The multifaceted role of ferroptosis in liver disease","volume":"29","author":"Chen","year":"","journal-title":"Cell Death Differ."},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111671","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2022.111671","article-title":"m6A modification of circSPECC1 suppresses RPE oxidative damage and maintains retinal homeostasis","volume":"41","author":"Chen","year":"","journal-title":"Cell Rep."},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2257","DOI":"10.4103\/ijo.IJO_3117_20","article-title":"Gene therapy in retinal diseases: a review","volume":"69","author":"Dhurandhar","year":"2021","journal-title":"Indian J. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.3390\/md19100557","article-title":"Evaluation of the effects of fucoidans from fucus species and Laminaria hyperborea against oxidative stress and iron-dependent cell death","volume":"19","author":"Doerschmann","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mar. Drugs"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"668","DOI":"10.1089\/dna.2023.0077","article-title":"A novel role of ARA70 in regulating ferritinophagy of RGCs during retinal ischemia reperfusion","volume":"42","author":"Dong","year":"2023","journal-title":"DNA Cell Biol."},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9892","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24129892","article-title":"Various forms of programmed cell death are concurrently activated in the population of retinal ganglion cells after ischemia and reperfusion","volume":"24","author":"Dvoriantchikova","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17152","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-22140-0","article-title":"Multiple types of programmed necrosis such as necroptosis, pyroptosis, oxytosis\/ferroptosis, and parthanatos contribute simultaneously to retinal damage after ischemia-reperfusion","volume":"12","author":"Dvoriantchikova","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4911205","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/4911205","article-title":"Iron chelators in treatment of iron overload","volume":"2022","author":"Entezari","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Toxicol."},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10540","DOI":"10.1080\/21655979.2022.2062533","article-title":"Downregulation of fatty acid binding protein 4 alleviates lipid peroxidation and oxidative stress in diabetic retinopathy by regulating peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor \u03b3-mediated ferroptosis","volume":"13","author":"Fan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Bioengineered"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4783","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23094783","article-title":"Ferroptosis and apoptosis are involved in the formation of L-selenomethionine-induced ocular defects in zebrafish embryos","volume":"23","author":"Gao","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16946","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms242316946","article-title":"Inhibition of ferroptosis ameliorates photoreceptor degeneration in experimental diabetic mice","volume":"24","author":"Gao","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"156563","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2022.156563","article-title":"Airborne fine particulate matter (PM2.5) damages the inner blood-retinal barrier by inducing inflammation and ferroptosis in retinal vascular endothelial cells","volume":"838","author":"Gu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102541","DOI":"10.1016\/j.redox.2022.102541","article-title":"Inhibition of ferroptosis promotes retina ganglion cell survival in experimental optic neuropathies","volume":"58","author":"Guo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Redox Biol."},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"662","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419-022-05121-z","article-title":"Hypoxia aggravates ferroptosis in RPE cells by promoting the Fenton reaction","volume":"13","author":"Henning","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cell Death and Dis."},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2014.06.003","article-title":"Functional architecture of the retina: development and disease","volume":"42","author":"Hoon","year":"2014","journal-title":"Prog. Retin Eye Res."},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0280548","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0280548","article-title":"Identification of key ferroptosis genes in diabetic retinopathy based on bioinformatics analysis","volume":"18","author":"Huang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Plos One"},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"114930","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2023.114930","article-title":"Vitamin A metabolites inhibit ferroptosis","volume":"164","author":"Jakaria","year":"2023","journal-title":"Biomed. and Pharmacother."},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"962","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419-022-05372-w","article-title":"Tulp1 deficiency causes early-onset retinal degeneration through affecting ciliogenesis and activating ferroptosis in zebrafish","volume":"13","author":"Jia","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cell Death and Dis."},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1038\/s41580-020-00324-8","article-title":"Ferroptosis: mechanisms, biology and role in disease","volume":"22","author":"Jiang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol."},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101136","DOI":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2022.101136","article-title":"Glaucomatous optic neuropathy: mitochondrial dynamics, dysfunction and protection in retinal ganglion cells","volume":"95","author":"Ju","year":"2023","journal-title":"Prog. Retin Eye Res."},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addr.2017.07.002","article-title":"Drug delivery devices for retinal diseases","volume":"128","author":"Kaji","year":"2018","journal-title":"Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev."},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1792894","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/1792894","article-title":"5-Lipoxygenase inhibition protects retinal pigment epithelium from sodium iodate-induced ferroptosis and prevents retinal degeneration","volume":"2022","author":"Lee","year":"2022","journal-title":"Oxidative Med. Cell. Longev."},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e23002","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2023.e23002","article-title":"Identification of a novel ferroptosis-related gene signature associated with retinal degeneration induced by light damage in mice","volume":"9","author":"Lei","year":"2023","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1173040","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2023.1173040","article-title":"Circular RNAs in ferroptosis: regulation mechanism and potential clinical application in disease","volume":"14","author":"Li","year":"","journal-title":"Front. Pharmacol."},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"112617","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jphotobiol.2022.112617","article-title":"Blue light pollution causes retinal damage and degeneration by inducing ferroptosis","volume":"238","author":"Li","year":"","journal-title":"J. Photochem. Photobiol. B-Biology"},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109347","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exer.2022.109347","article-title":"Ferrostatin-1 attenuates pathological angiogenesis in oxygen-induced retinopathy via inhibition of ferroptosis","volume":"226","author":"Liu","year":"","journal-title":"Exp. Eye Res."},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2081","DOI":"10.1007\/s11010-022-04644-5","article-title":"Ferroptosis: mechanisms and advances in ocular diseases","volume":"478","author":"Liu","year":"","journal-title":"Mol. Cell Biochem."},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2012.10.002","article-title":"The neuronal organization of the retina","volume":"76","author":"Masland","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100849","DOI":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2020.100849","article-title":"Extracellular vesicle therapy for retinal diseases","volume":"79","author":"Mead","year":"2020","journal-title":"Prog. Retin Eye Res."},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.21037\/atm-22-3298","article-title":"Lipocalin 2 induces visual impairment by promoting ferroptosis in retinal ischemia-reperfusion injury","volume":"11","author":"Mei","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ann. Transl. Med."},{"key":"B36","first-page":"239","article-title":"A review on iron chelators in treatment of iron overload syndromes","volume":"10","author":"Mobarra","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int. J. Hematol. Oncol. Stem Cell Res."},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21143","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-47721-5","article-title":"Oxidative stress and docosahexaenoic acid injury lead to increased necroptosis and ferroptosis in retinal pigment epithelium","volume":"13","author":"Neiteler","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"919","DOI":"10.2174\/1570159X15666170703111729","article-title":"Citicoline and retinal ganglion cells: effects on morphology and function","volume":"16","author":"Parisi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Curr. Neuropharmacol."},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419-022-04911-9","article-title":"Inhibiting multiple forms of cell death optimizes ganglion cells survival after retinal ischemia reperfusion injury","volume":"13","author":"Qin","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cell Death and Dis."},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24010449","article-title":"Lipid peroxidation and iron metabolism: two corner stones in the homeostasis control of ferroptosis","volume":"24","author":"Rochette","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"953","DOI":"10.1080\/10408398.2018.1474170","article-title":"Bioactivities, biosynthesis and biotechnological production of phenolic acids in Salvia miltiorrhiza","volume":"59","author":"Shi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr."},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101469","DOI":"10.1016\/j.redox.2020.101469","article-title":"Ferrous but not ferric iron sulfate kills photoreceptors and induces photoreceptor -dependent RPE autofluorescence","volume":"34","author":"Shu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Redox Biol."},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2300123","DOI":"10.1002\/mnfr.202300123","article-title":"Puerarin attenuates iron overload-induced ferroptosis in retina through a nrf2-mediated mechanism","volume":"68","author":"Song","year":"2024","journal-title":"Mol. Nutr. and Food Res."},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109690","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2019.109690","article-title":"Puerarin protects against iron overload-induced retinal injury through regulation of iron-handling proteins","volume":"122","author":"Song","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biomed. Pharmacother."},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2017.09.021","article-title":"Ferroptosis: a regulated cell death nexus linking metabolism, redox biology, and disease","volume":"171","author":"Stockwell","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1745","DOI":"10.1080\/15548627.2015.1082020","article-title":"Melatonin attenuates MPTP-induced neurotoxicity via preventing CDK5-mediated autophagy and SNCA\/\u03b1-synuclein aggregation","volume":"11","author":"Su","year":"2015","journal-title":"Autophagy"},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104427","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jprot.2021.104427","article-title":"Proteomics analysis of N-methyl-D-aspartate-induced cell death in retinal and optic nerves","volume":"252","author":"Suo","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Proteomics"},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1038\/s41422-020-00441-1","article-title":"Ferroptosis: molecular mechanisms and health implications","volume":"31","author":"Tang","year":"","journal-title":"Cell Res."},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2021.02.055","article-title":"Ferrostatin-1 attenuates ferroptosis and protects the retina against light-induced retinal degeneration","volume":"548","author":"Tang","year":"","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophysical Res. Commun."},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8240","DOI":"10.1080\/21655979.2022.2049471","article-title":"Astragaloside-IV alleviates high glucose-induced ferroptosis in retinal pigment epithelial cells by disrupting the expression of miR-138-5p\/Sirt1\/Nrf2","volume":"13","author":"Tang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Bioengineered"},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102840","DOI":"10.1016\/j.redox.2023.102840","article-title":"Comparative mechanistic study of RPE cell death induced by different oxidative stresses","volume":"65","author":"Tong","year":"2023","journal-title":"Redox Biol."},{"key":"B69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"585","DOI":"10.1016\/j.survophthal.2012.12.002","article-title":"Iron, zinc, and copper in retinal physiology and disease","volume":"58","author":"Ugarte","year":"2013","journal-title":"Surv. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2023.04.096","article-title":"Deciphering the pathogenesis of retinopathy associated with carnitine palmitoyltransferase I deficiency in zebrafish model","volume":"664","author":"Ulhaq","year":"2023","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophysical Res. Commun."},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7914","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24097914","article-title":"Proteomics analysis of R-ras deficiency in oxygen induced retinopathy","volume":"24","author":"Vahatupa","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"B70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22094591","article-title":"On iron metabolism and its regulation","volume":"22","author":"Vogt","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fmre.2023.08.011","article-title":"The retinal pigment epithelium: functions and roles in ocular diseases","volume":"2023","author":"Wang","year":"","journal-title":"Fundam. Res."},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20145","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-46104-0","article-title":"Deferoxamine attenuates visual impairment in retinal ischemia-reperfusion via inhibiting ferroptosis","volume":"13","author":"Wang","year":"","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"116424","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2024.116424","article-title":"Compounding engineered mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes: a potential rescue strategy for retinal degeneration","volume":"173","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Biomed. Pharmacother."},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e22443","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2023.e22443","article-title":"Qi-Shen-Tang alleviates retinitis pigmentosa by inhibiting ferroptotic features via the NRF2\/GPX4 signaling pathway","volume":"9","author":"Xiong","year":"2023","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102890","DOI":"10.1016\/j.redox.2023.102890","article-title":"Retinal ferroptosis as a critical mechanism for the induction of retinochoroiditis during ocular toxoplasmosis","volume":"67","author":"Yamada","year":"2023","journal-title":"Redox Biol."},{"key":"B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115547","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2023.115547","article-title":"Fructus Lycii and Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge extract attenuate oxidative stress-induced photoreceptor ferroptosis in retinitis pigmentosa","volume":"167","author":"Yang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Biomed. and Pharmacother."},{"key":"B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1038\/s41418-022-01046-4","article-title":"Pathologically high intraocular pressure disturbs normal iron homeostasis and leads to retinal ganglion cell ferroptosis in glaucoma","volume":"30","author":"Yao","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cell Death Differ."},{"key":"B61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109159","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exer.2022.109159","article-title":"Longitudinal and simultaneous profiling of 11 modes of cell death in mouse retina post-optic nerve injury","volume":"222","author":"Yao","year":"2022","journal-title":"Exp. Eye Res."},{"key":"B62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12753","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms232112753","article-title":"Neuroprotective effects of transferrin in experimental glaucoma models","volume":"23","author":"Youale","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"B63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1173","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox12061173","article-title":"Melatonin alleviates retinal ischemia-reperfusion injury by inhibiting p53-mediated ferroptosis","volume":"12","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Antioxidants"},{"key":"B64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"112800","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yexcr.2021.112800","article-title":"TRIM46 contributes to high glucose-induced ferroptosis and cell growth inhibition in human retinal capillary endothelial cells by facilitating GPX4 ubiquitination","volume":"407","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Exp. Cell Res."},{"key":"B65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1016\/bs.apha.2019.08.002","article-title":"Astragaloside IV derived from Astragalus membranaceus: a research review on the pharmacological effects","volume":"87","author":"Zhang","year":"","journal-title":"Adv. Pharmacol."},{"key":"B66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"968","DOI":"10.1248\/bpb.b19-01084","article-title":"Potential mechanisms underlying the hepatic-protective effects of danshensu on iron overload mice","volume":"43","author":"Zhang","year":"","journal-title":"Biol. Pharm. Bull."},{"key":"B67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8357","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22168357","article-title":"Regulatory mechanisms of retinal photoreceptors development at single cell resolution","volume":"22","author":"Zhao","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"B68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115140","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2023.115140","article-title":"Protective benefits of salvianic acid A against retinal iron overload by inhibition of ferroptosis","volume":"165","author":"Zhao","year":"2023","journal-title":"Biomed. and Pharmacother."}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Pharmacology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fphar.2024.1489877\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,30]],"date-time":"2024-10-30T05:45:45Z","timestamp":1730267145000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fphar.2024.1489877\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,30]]},"references-count":70,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fphar.2024.1489877"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fphar.2024.1489877","relation":{},"ISSN":["1663-9812"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1663-9812","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,30]]},"article-number":"1489877"}}