{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]],"date-time":"2026-08-25T05:24:40Z","timestamp":1787635480997,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":74,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,16]],"date-time":"2024-12-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1734307200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Pharmacol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>To assess the effectiveness of various atropine concentrations in managing myopia among children in East, South, and Southeast Asia, and to determine the most effective concentration.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A systematic literature review was conducted using PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and EMBASE. The search was limited to articles published up to 1 June 2024, and included studies in Chinese or English. Two researchers independently screened the literature, extracted relevant data, and assessed the data quality using the Revised Cochrane risk-of-bias 2 (RoB2) tool. A network meta-analysis was performed using Stata 14.2 software to compare the efficacy of different atropine concentrations in delaying myopia progression, measured by changes in refraction and axial length.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The analysis included 39 studies with 7,712 participants, examining 10 atropine concentrations ranging from 0.005% to 1%. Forest plots indicated that five concentrations (0.01%, 0.02%, 0.025%, 0.05%, and 1%) were more effective than a placebo in controlling myopia progression. The cumulative ordination plot indicated that 0.05% atropine most effectively delayed refraction change, which the mean change per year was 0.62D, while 1% was superior in slowing axial length progression, which the mean change per year was \u22120.43\u00a0mm. Considering both measures, 1% atropine showed the highest efficacy which the mean changes per year were 0.56D in spherical equivalent refraction and \u22120.43\u00a0mm in axial length, followed by 0.05% and 0.125% atropine.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>While 1% atropine demonstrated the highest efficacy in myopia control among East, South and Southeast Asian children, its use is not recommended due to increased adverse effects and a rapid rebound in myopia after cessation. Considering both efficacy and safety, 0.05% atropine is suggested as the optimal concentration for myopia management in this population.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2024.1503536","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,16]],"date-time":"2024-12-16T06:21:03Z","timestamp":1734330063000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Effectiveness of various atropine concentrations in myopia control for Asian children: a network meta-analysis"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Xiaoyan","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Linyu","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jinhua","family":"Gan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yun","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Weihua","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","first-page":"253","article-title":"A randomized controlled clinical study of 0.01% and 0.02% atropine eye drops on myopia development in adolescents","volume":"40","author":"Aicun","year":"2022","journal-title":"Chin. 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