{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,18]],"date-time":"2026-04-18T05:50:47Z","timestamp":1776491447907,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":118,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,7]],"date-time":"2025-01-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1736208000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Pharmacol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>The WHO has compiled a list of pathogens that urgently require new antibiotics in response to the rising reports of antibiotic resistance and a diminished supply of new antibiotics. At the top of this list is fluoroquinolone-resistant <jats:italic>Salmonella typhi<\/jats:italic>, fluoroquinolone-resistant <jats:italic>Shigella<\/jats:italic> spp. and vancomycin-resistant <jats:italic>Enterococcus faecium<\/jats:italic>. Although these problems have been covered in great detail by other contemporary reviews, there are still some fundamental gaps in the translation of current knowledge of the infectious process and the molecular ecology of antibiotic production into a sustainable protocol for the treatment of pathogenic diseases. Therefore, in this narrative review we briefly discuss newly approved antimicrobial drugs (since 2014) that could help to alleviate the burden of multiresistant pathogens listed on the WHO priority list. Being conscious that such treatments may eventually run the risk of future cycles of resistance, we also discuss how new understandings in the molecular ecology of antibiotic production and the disease process can be harnessed to create a more sustainable solution for the treatment of pathogenic diseases.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2024.1504901","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,7]],"date-time":"2025-01-07T07:41:44Z","timestamp":1736235704000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["War and peace: exploring microbial defence systems as a source of new antimicrobial therapies"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Paul J.","family":"Dyson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ibrahim M.","family":"Banat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gerry A.","family":"Quinn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1038\/s41429-017-0012-0","article-title":"Asenjonamides A\u2013C, antibacterial metabolites isolated from Streptomyces asenjonii strain KNN 42.f from an extreme-hyper arid Atacama Desert soil","volume":"71","author":"Abdelkader","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Antibiotics"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"837","DOI":"10.1038\/146837a0","article-title":"An enzyme from bacteria able to destroy penicillin","volume":"146","author":"Abraham","year":"1940","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1007\/s13205-017-1044-7","article-title":"Profiling of red pigment produced by Streptomyces sp. JAR6 and its bioactivity","volume":"8","author":"Abraham","year":"2017","journal-title":"3 Biotech."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4939-6634-9_2","article-title":"Mining bacterial genomes for secondary metabolite gene clusters","volume":"1520","author":"Adamek","year":"2017","journal-title":"Methods Mol. Biol. Clift. N.J."},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1446","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.0000000000000278","article-title":"Taurolidine\/heparin lock solution and catheter-related bloodstream infection in hemodialysis: a randomized, double-blind, active-control, phase 3 study","volume":"18","author":"Agarwal","year":"2023","journal-title":"Clin. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. CJASN"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1680","DOI":"10.1038\/s41589-024-01685-3","article-title":"Macrolones target bacterial ribosomes and DNA gyrase and can evade resistance mechanisms","volume":"20","author":"Aleksandrova","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. Chem. Biol."},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1949","DOI":"10.3390\/life12121949","article-title":"Plazomicin against multidrug-resistant bacteria: a scoping review","volume":"12","author":"Alfieri","year":"2022","journal-title":"Life"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"702","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(23)02697-1","article-title":"Gepotidacin, a new first-in-class antibiotic for treating uncomplicated urinary tract infection","volume":"403","author":"Ali","year":"2024","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1731","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics11121731","article-title":"Polymicrobial infections and biofilms: clinical significance and eradication strategies","volume":"11","author":"Anju","year":"2022","journal-title":"Antibiotics"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9915","DOI":"10.1007\/s00253-014-6169-6","article-title":"Microbial biofilms: biosurfactants as antibiofilm agents","volume":"98","author":"Banat","year":"2014","journal-title":"Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol."},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1445","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cit070","article-title":"Seven ways to preserve the miracle of antibiotics","volume":"56","author":"Bartlett","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"018422","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.01842-15","article-title":"Kisameet clay exhibits potent antibacterial activity against the ESKAPE pathogens","volume":"7","author":"Behroozian","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mbio"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4351","DOI":"10.2147\/DDDT.S229882","article-title":"Levonadifloxacin, a novel broad-spectrum anti-MRSA benzoquinolizine quinolone agent: review of current evidence","volume":"13","author":"Bhagwat","year":"2019","journal-title":"Drug Des. Dev. Ther."},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s40121-016-0103-4","article-title":"Oritavancin: a new lipoglycopeptide antibiotic in the treatment of gram-positive infections","volume":"5","author":"Brade","year":"2016","journal-title":"Infect. Dis. Ther."},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1340","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules25061340","article-title":"Resistance of gram-negative bacteria to current antibacterial agents and approaches to resolve it","volume":"25","author":"Breijyeh","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mol. Basel, Switz."},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e14510","DOI":"10.1111\/1751-7915.14510","article-title":"The antibiotic resistance crisis and the development of new antibiotics","volume":"17","author":"Br\u00fcssow","year":"2024","journal-title":"Microb. Biotechnol."},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2938","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22062938","article-title":"The iron chelator desferrioxamine increases the efficacy of bedaquiline in primary human macrophages infected with BCG","volume":"22","author":"Cahill","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2138","DOI":"10.1021\/acscentsci.3c00965","article-title":"A novel natural siderophore antibiotic conjugate reveals a chemical approach to macromolecule coupling","volume":"9","author":"Caradec","year":"2023","journal-title":"ACS Central Sci."},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e69646","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0069646","article-title":"Toward repurposing ciclopirox as an antibiotic against drug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii, Escherichia coli, and Klebsiella pneumoniae","volume":"8","author":"Carlson-Banning","year":"2013","journal-title":"Plos One"},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7084","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkac502","article-title":"A new bacterial tRNA enhances antibiotic production in Streptomyces by circumventing inefficient wobble base-pairing","volume":"50","author":"Chen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1021\/acsinfecdis.1c00522","article-title":"Exploration of BAY 11-7082 as a potential antibiotic","volume":"8","author":"Coles","year":"2022","journal-title":"ACS Infect. Dis."},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"502","DOI":"10.1007\/s10126-018-9821-9","article-title":"Identification of a sorbicillinoid-producing Aspergillus strain with antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus: a new polyextremophilic marine fungus from Barents sea","volume":"20","author":"Corral","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mar. Biotechnol. (New York, N.Y.)"},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1078","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics12061078","article-title":"Activity of delafloxacin and comparator fluoroquinolones against multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa in an in vitro cystic fibrosis sputum model","volume":"12","author":"Craddock","year":"2023","journal-title":"Antibiotics"},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1128\/MMBR.00016-10","article-title":"Origins and evolution of antibiotic resistance","volume":"74","author":"Davies","year":"2010","journal-title":"Microbiol. Mol. Biol. Rev. MMBR"},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"290","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2014.00290","article-title":"Siderophores as \u201cTrojan Horses\u201d: tackling multidrug resistance?","volume":"5","author":"de Carvalho","year":"2014","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10757","DOI":"10.1021\/acsomega.3c00312","article-title":"Antibiotic adjuvants: a versatile approach to combat antibiotic resistance","volume":"8","author":"Dhanda","year":"2023","journal-title":"ACS Omega"},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e02574","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.02574-18","article-title":"The anthelmintic drug niclosamide synergizes with colistin and reverses colistin resistance in gram-negative bacilli","volume":"63","author":"Domalaon","year":"2019","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1612","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics12111612","article-title":"Meropenem\/vaborbactam: \u03b2-Lactam\/\u03b2-Lactamase inhibitor combination, the future in eradicating multidrug resistance","volume":"12","author":"Duda-Madej","year":"2023","journal-title":"Antibiot. Basel, Switz."},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2023.09.008","article-title":"Epidemiology and outcomes of vancomycin-resistant enterococcus infections: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"141","author":"Eichel","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Hosp. Infect."},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbt.2016.12.009","article-title":"Rhamnolipids from non-pathogenic Burkholderia thailandensis E264: physicochemical characterization, antimicrobial and antibiofilm efficacy against oral hygiene related pathogens","volume":"36","author":"Elshikh","year":"2017","journal-title":"New Biotechnol."},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e01016","DOI":"10.1128\/aac.01016-18","article-title":"In vitro and in vivo characterization of NOSO-502, a novel inhibitor of bacterial translation","volume":"62","author":"Emilie","year":"2018","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e00468","DOI":"10.1128\/aac.00468-17","article-title":"Gepotidacin (GSK2140944) in vitro activity against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria","volume":"61","author":"Flamm","year":"2017","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"B33","first-page":"226","article-title":"On the antibacterial action of cultures of a penicillium, with special reference to their use in the isolation of B. Influenz\u00e6","volume":"10","author":"Fleming","year":"1929","journal-title":"Br. J. Exp. Pathology"},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"dlae088","DOI":"10.1093\/jacamr\/dlae088","article-title":"In vitro activity of ozenoxacin against Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes clinical isolates recovered in a worldwide multicentre study (2020\u20132022)","volume":"6","author":"Garc\u00eda-Castillo","year":"2024","journal-title":"JAC-Antimicrobial Resist."},{"key":"B35","first-page":"564","article-title":"Some laboratory and clinical experiences with a new antibiotic, vancomycin","volume":"31","author":"Geraci","year":"1956","journal-title":"Proc. Staff Meet."},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4577","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jmedchem.7b00102","article-title":"Targeted antibiotic delivery: selective siderophore conjugation with daptomycin confers potent activity against multidrug resistant acinetobacter baumannii both in vitro and in vivo","volume":"60","author":"Ghosh","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Med. Chem."},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2021.08.007","article-title":"Pretomanid for tuberculosis: a systematic review","volume":"28","author":"Gils","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin. Microbiol. Infect."},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4221","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bmcl.2017.08.027","article-title":"Antibiotic adjuvants \u2013 a strategy to unlock bacterial resistance to antibiotics","volume":"27","author":"Gonz\u00e1lez-Bello","year":"2017","journal-title":"Bioorg. and Med. Chem. Lett."},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"ofad500","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofad500.1754","article-title":"2131. Activity of the novel antibiotic zosurabalpin (RG6006) against clinical acinetobacter isolates from China","volume":"10","author":"Hawser","year":"2023","journal-title":"Open Forum Infect. Dis."},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19634","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-98980-z","article-title":"Repurposing diphenylbutylpiperidine-class antipsychotic drugs for host-directed therapy of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Salmonella enterica infections","volume":"11","author":"Heemskerk","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1007\/s40265-021-01471-8","article-title":"Imipenem\/Cilastatin\/Relebactam: a review in gram-negative bacterial infections","volume":"81","author":"Heo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Drugs"},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0180021","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01800-21","article-title":"Nemonoxacin enhances antibacterial activity and anti-resistance mutation ability of vancomycin against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in an in vitro dynamic pharmacokinetic\/pharmacodynamic model","volume":"66","author":"Huang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"702","DOI":"10.1021\/acsmedchemlett.8b00161","article-title":"Meridianin D analogues display antibiofilm activity against MRSA and increase colistin efficacy in gram-negative bacteria","volume":"9","author":"Huggins","year":"2018","journal-title":"ACS Med. Chem. Lett."},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1186\/s12934-023-02106-1","article-title":"Exploring the antimicrobial, antiviral, antioxidant, and antitumor potentials of marine Streptomyces tunisiensis W4MT573222 pigment isolated from Abu-Qir sediments, Egypt","volume":"22","author":"Ibrahim","year":"2023","journal-title":"Microb. Cell Factories"},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1179","DOI":"10.1038\/mi.2013.17","article-title":"Cell-mediated reduction of human \u03b2-defensin 1: a major role for mucosal thioredoxin","volume":"6","author":"Jaeger","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mucosal Immunol."},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2606","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jnatprod.1c00411","article-title":"Antibiotic dixiamycins from a cold-seep-derived streptomyces olivaceus","volume":"84","author":"Jin","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Nat. Prod."},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"512495","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/512495","article-title":"A biosurfactant-sophorolipid acts in synergy with antibiotics to enhance their efficiency","volume":"2013","author":"Joshi-Navare","year":"2013","journal-title":"BioMed Res. Int."},{"key":"B48","article-title":"Fluoroquinolone resistance in Salmonella: mechanisms, fitness, and virulence","volume-title":"Salmonella","author":"Jun","year":"2018"},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"dlae127","DOI":"10.1093\/jacamr\/dlae127","article-title":"Navigating fluoroquinolone resistance in Gram-negative bacteria: a comprehensive evaluation","volume":"6","author":"Kherroubi","year":"2024","journal-title":"JAC-Antimicrobial Resist."},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1038\/ja.2014.164","article-title":"In vitro evaluation of ciclopirox as an adjuvant for polymyxin B against gram-negative bacteria","volume":"68","author":"Kim","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Antibiotics"},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1506","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics10121506","article-title":"Delafloxacin, finafloxacin, and zabofloxacin: novel fluoroquinolones in the antibiotic pipeline","volume":"10","author":"Kocsis","year":"2021","journal-title":"Antibiotics"},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1158152","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2023.1158152","article-title":"Bifunctional antibiotic hybrids: a review of clinical candidates","volume":"14","author":"Koh","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Pharmacol."},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1293633","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2023.1293633","article-title":"Antibiotic adjuvants: synergistic tool to combat multi-drug resistant pathogens","volume":"13","author":"Kumar","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol."},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e02351","DOI":"10.1128\/spectrum.02351-23","article-title":"Eravacycline, the first four years: health outcomes and tolerability data for 19 hospitals in 5 U.S. regions from 2018 to 2022","volume":"12","author":"Kunz","year":"2023","journal-title":"Microbiol. Spectr."},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1157437","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2023.1157437","article-title":"Contezolid, a novel oxazolidinone antibiotic, may improve drug-related thrombocytopenia in clinical antibacterial treatment","volume":"14","author":"Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Pharmacol."},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics13020165","article-title":"In vitro antibacterial activity of ceftobiprole and comparator compounds against nation-wide bloodstream isolates and different sequence types of MRSA","volume":"13","author":"Li","year":"2024","journal-title":"Antibiotics"},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3727","DOI":"10.2147\/DMSO.S435062","article-title":"Antibacterial activity of surfactin and synergistic effect with conventional antibiotics against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolated from patients with diabetic foot ulcers","volume":"16","author":"Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"Diabetes, Metabolic Syndrome Obes. Targets Ther."},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3445","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-018-05821-1","article-title":"Total synthesis and antimicrobial evaluation of natural albomycins against clinical pathogens","volume":"9","author":"Lin","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1077","DOI":"10.1007\/s00253-013-5335-6","article-title":"Endophytic Streptomyces sp. Y3111 from traditional Chinese medicine produced antitubercular pluramycins","volume":"98","author":"Liu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol."},{"key":"B60","first-page":"135","article-title":"Penicillin\u2019s discovery and antibiotic resistance: lessons for the future?","volume":"90","author":"Lobanovska","year":"2017","journal-title":"Yale J. Biol. Med."},{"key":"B61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11692","DOI":"10.3389\/ti.2024.11692","article-title":"New antibiotics against multidrug-resistant gram-negative bacteria in liver transplantation: clinical perspectives, toxicity, and PK\/PD properties","volume":"37","author":"Lombardi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Transpl. Int."},{"key":"B62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.37201\/req\/s01.10.2021","article-title":"Ceftolozane-tazobactam: when, how and why using it?","volume":"34","author":"L\u00f3pez Montesinos","year":"2021","journal-title":"Rev. Espanola Quimioter. Publicacion. La Soc. Espanola Quimioter."},{"key":"B63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"674","DOI":"10.1093\/ajhp\/zxab012","article-title":"Imipenem\/cilastatin\/relebactam: a new carbapenem \u03b2-lactamase inhibitor combination","volume":"78","author":"Mansour","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am. J. Health-System Pharm."},{"key":"B64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"687","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2018.00687","article-title":"Biosynthetic potential of bioactive streptomycetes isolated from arid region of the thar desert, Rajasthan (India)","volume":"9","author":"Masand","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"B65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2629","DOI":"10.1021\/acsinfecdis.0c00259","article-title":"Screening an established natural product library identifies secondary metabolites that potentiate conventional antibiotics","volume":"6","author":"Mattingly","year":"2020","journal-title":"ACS Infect. Dis."},{"key":"B66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"W339","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkr466","article-title":"antiSMASH: rapid identification, annotation and analysis of secondary metabolite biosynthesis gene clusters in bacterial and fungal genome sequences","volume":"39","author":"Medema","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"B67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"129113","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bmcl.2022.129113","article-title":"Overcoming intrinsic resistance in gram-negative bacteria using small molecule adjuvants","volume":"80","author":"Melander","year":"2023","journal-title":"Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett."},{"key":"B68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5823","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sjbs.2021.06.044","article-title":"Traditional ancient Egyptian medicine: a review","volume":"28","author":"Metwaly","year":"2021","journal-title":"Saudi J. Biol. Sci."},{"key":"B69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1412797","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2024.1412797","article-title":"Discovery of new antimicrobial thiophene derivatives with activity against drug-resistant Gram negative-bacteria","volume":"15","author":"Molina-Panadero","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front. Pharmacol."},{"key":"B70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1093\/ecam\/neh013","article-title":"Traditional and modern biomedical prospecting: Part I-the history: sustainable exploitation of biodiversity (sponges and invertebrates) in the adriatic sea in rovinj (Croatia)","volume":"1","author":"M\u00fcller","year":"2004","journal-title":"Evidence-Based Compl. Altern. Med. eCAM"},{"key":"B71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-024-07502-0","article-title":"A Gram-negative-selective antibiotic that spares the gut microbiome","volume":"630","author":"Mu\u00f1oz","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1199","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(24)01867-1","article-title":"Global burden of bacterial antimicrobial resistance 1990\u20132021: a systematic analysis with forecasts to 2050","volume":"404","author":"Naghavi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"B73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19719","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-70535-y","article-title":"Risk assessment and transmission of fluoroquinolone resistance in drug-resistant pulmonary tuberculosis: a retrospective genomic epidemiology study","volume":"14","author":"Nehru","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"B74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0239147","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0239147","article-title":"The use of 4-Hexylresorcinol as antibiotic adjuvant","volume":"15","author":"Nikolaev","year":"2020","journal-title":"Plos One"},{"key":"B75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-46051-7_41","article-title":"Sideromycins","volume-title":"Mechanism of action","author":"N\u00fcesch","year":"1967"},{"key":"B76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"877","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-015-2323-z","article-title":"Biofilm-specific antibiotic tolerance and resistance","volume":"34","author":"Olsen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur. J. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"B77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e02095","DOI":"10.1128\/aac.02095-16","article-title":"Efficacy, safety, and tolerability of gepotidacin (GSK2140944) in the treatment of patients with suspected or confirmed gram-positive acute bacterial skin and skin structure infections","volume":"61","author":"O\u2019Riordan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"B78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molcel.2018.03.001","article-title":"Odilorhabdins, antibacterial agents that cause miscoding by binding at a new ribosomal site","volume":"70","author":"Pantel","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mol. Cell"},{"key":"B79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.3390\/md16030095","article-title":"Phocoenamicins B and C, new antibacterial spirotetronates isolated from a marine Micromonospora sp","volume":"16","author":"P\u00e9rez-Bonilla","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mar. Drugs"},{"key":"B80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4923","DOI":"10.3390\/app11114923","article-title":"Streptomyces isolates from the soil of an ancient Irish cure site, capable of inhibiting multi-resistant bacteria and yeasts","volume":"11","author":"Quinn","year":"2021","journal-title":"Appl. Sci."},{"key":"B81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1040","DOI":"10.1099\/jmm.0.001232","article-title":"Streptomyces from traditional medicine: sources of new innovations in antibiotic discovery","volume":"69","author":"Quinn","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Med. Microbiol."},{"key":"B82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1038\/s44259-024-00025-8","article-title":"Going to extremes: progress in exploring new environments for novel antibiotics","volume":"2","author":"Quinn","year":"2024","journal-title":"Npj Antimicrob. Resist."},{"key":"B83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"472","DOI":"10.1590\/S1806-37562016000000388","article-title":"Tuberculosis treatment","volume":"43","author":"Rabahi","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Bras. Pneumol. Publicacao Soc. Bras. Pneumol. Tisilogia"},{"key":"B84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1491","DOI":"10.1021\/np200320u","article-title":"Chaxamycins A\u2013D, bioactive ansamycins from a hyper-arid desert streptomyces sp","volume":"74","author":"Rateb","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Nat. Prod."},{"key":"B85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"800","DOI":"10.1039\/D2MD00465H","article-title":"Siderophore conjugates to combat antibiotic-resistant bacteria","volume":"14","author":"Rayner","year":"2023","journal-title":"RSC Med. Chem."},{"key":"B86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics8020045","article-title":"Antibiotic discovery: where have we come from, where do we go?","volume":"8","author":"Ribeiro da Cunha","year":"2019","journal-title":"Antibiot. Basel, Switz."},{"key":"B87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"129282","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bmcl.2023.129282","article-title":"Siderophores: chemical tools for precise antibiotic delivery","volume":"87","author":"Rodr\u00edguez","year":"2023","journal-title":"Bioorg. and Med. Chem. Lett."},{"key":"B88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102508","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2024.102508","article-title":"Carriage of third-generation cephalosporin-resistant and carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales among children in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"70","author":"Ruef","year":"2024","journal-title":"eClinicalMedicine"},{"key":"B89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.37201\/req\/s01.06.2021","article-title":"Tedizolid: new data and experiences for clinical practice","volume":"34","author":"Salavert Llet\u00ed","year":"2021","journal-title":"Rev. Espanola Quimioter. Publicacion La Soc. Espanola Quimioter."},{"key":"B90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2475067","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/2475067","article-title":"Mechanisms of antimicrobial resistance in ESKAPE pathogens","volume":"2016","author":"Santajit","year":"2016","journal-title":"BioMed Res. Int."},{"key":"B91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.37201\/req\/s01.09.2022","article-title":"Ceftazidime-avibactam","volume":"35","author":"Sanz Herrero","year":"2022","journal-title":"Rev. Espanola Quimioter. Publicacion La Soc. Espanola Quimioter."},{"key":"B92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1555","DOI":"10.3390\/app8091555","article-title":"Lactobacillus acidophilus derived biosurfactant as a biofilm inhibitor: a promising investigation using microfluidic approach","volume":"8","author":"Satpute","year":"2018","journal-title":"Appl. Sci."},{"key":"B93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.3181\/00379727-55-14461","article-title":"Streptomycin, a substance exhibiting antibiotic activity against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria","volume":"55","author":"Schatz","year":"1944","journal-title":"Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med."},{"key":"B118","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2085","DOI":"10.2174\/0929867327666200831141337","article-title":"Perspectives on drug repurposing","volume":"28","author":"Schcolnik-Cabrera","year":"2021","journal-title":"Curr. Med. Chem."},{"key":"B94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.5588\/ijtldopen.24.0113","article-title":"Real-life use of delamanid: results from the European post-authorisation safety study","volume":"1","author":"Sch\u00f6nfeld","year":"2024","journal-title":"IJTLD Open"},{"key":"B95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2137","DOI":"10.1007\/s10989-019-10010-9","article-title":"In-silico repurposing of anticancer drug (5-FU) as an antimicrobial agent against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)","volume":"26","author":"Sharma","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Peptide Res. Ther."},{"key":"B96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"911","DOI":"10.2147\/IDR.S453634","article-title":"Effectiveness of drip infusion of lascufloxacin, a novel fluoroquinolone antibiotic, for patients with pneumonia including chronic lung disease exacerbations and lung abscesses","volume":"17","author":"Shimada","year":"2024","journal-title":"Infect. Drug Resist."},{"key":"B97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1144561","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2023.1144561","article-title":"Whole-genome sequencing of Alcaligenes sp. strain MMA: insight into the antibiotic and heavy metal resistant genes","volume":"14","author":"Sodhi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Pharmacol."},{"key":"B98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"127062","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bmcl.2020.127062","article-title":"Antibacterial activity of singly and doubly modified salinomycin derivatives","volume":"30","author":"Sulik","year":"2020","journal-title":"Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett."},{"key":"B99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics13020177","article-title":"Repurposing mitomycin C in combination with pentamidine or gentamicin to treat infections with multi-drug-resistant (MDR) Pseudomonas aeruginosa","volume":"13","author":"Svedholm","year":"2024","journal-title":"Antibiotics"},{"key":"B100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"005900","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.00590-17","article-title":"Kisameet glacial clay: an unexpected source of bacterial diversity","volume":"8","author":"Svensson","year":"2017","journal-title":"mBio"},{"key":"B101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"318","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(17)30753-3","article-title":"Discovery, research, and development of new antibiotics: the WHO priority list of antibiotic-resistant bacteria and tuberculosis","volume":"18","author":"Tacconelli","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"B102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2024.09.025","article-title":"Introducing new antibiotics for multidrug-resistant bacteria: obstacles and the way forward","author":"T\u00e4ngd\u00e9n","year":"2024","journal-title":"Clin. Microbiol. Infect."},{"key":"B103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2458","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2018.02458","article-title":"A novel alkaliphilic Streptomyces inhibits ESKAPE pathogens","volume":"9","author":"Terra","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"B104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2671","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules26092671","article-title":"New antibiotics for multidrug-resistant bacterial strains: latest research developments and future perspectives","volume":"26","author":"Terreni","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mol. Basel, Switz."},{"key":"B105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"114621","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2024.114621","article-title":"Antibiotic-induced gut microbe dysbiosis alters neurobehavior in mice through modulation of BDNF and gut integrity","volume":"283","author":"Thabet","year":"2024","journal-title":"Phys. Behav."},{"key":"B106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1459388","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2024.1459388","article-title":"Unveiling the antimicrobial and antibiofilm potential of biosurfactant produced by newly isolated Lactiplantibacillus plantarum strain 1625","volume":"15","author":"Thakur","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"B107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1186\/s13613-023-01146-5","article-title":"Treatment of critically ill patients with cefiderocol for infections caused by multidrug-resistant pathogens: review of the evidence","volume":"13","author":"Viale","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ann. Intensive Care"},{"key":"B108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2095","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0b013e3181f265ba","article-title":"Anti-infective external coating of central venous catheters: a randomized, noninferiority trial comparing 5-fluorouracil with chlorhexidine\/silver sulfadiazine in preventing catheter colonization","volume":"38","author":"Walz","year":"2010","journal-title":"Crit. Care Med."},{"key":"B109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"438","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics11040438","article-title":"Biosynthesis and chemical synthesis of albomycin nucleoside antibiotics","volume":"11","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Antibiotics"},{"key":"B110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-023-06887-8","article-title":"Discovery of a structural class of antibiotics with explainable deep learning","volume":"626","author":"Wong","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4617","DOI":"10.3390\/md13084617","article-title":"Lindgomycin, an unusual antibiotic polyketide from a marine fungus of the Lindgomycetaceae","volume":"13","author":"Wu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mar. Drugs"},{"key":"B112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1007\/s40121-020-00286-6","article-title":"Cefiderocol: a novel agent for the management of multidrug-resistant gram-negative organisms","volume":"9","author":"Wu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Infect. Dis. Ther."},{"key":"B113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1068","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm10051068","article-title":"An update on eight \u201cnew\u201d antibiotics against multidrug-resistant gram-negative bacteria","volume":"10","author":"Yusuf","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Clin. Med."},{"key":"B114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"566","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-023-06873-0","article-title":"A novel antibiotic class targeting the lipopolysaccharide transporter","volume":"625","author":"Zampaloni","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1007\/s40265-020-01443-4","article-title":"Lefamulin: a novel oral and intravenous pleuromutilin for the treatment of community-acquired bacterial pneumonia","volume":"81","author":"Zhanel","year":"2021","journal-title":"Drugs"},{"key":"B116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3312","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkac319","article-title":"Niclosamide as a repurposing drug against Gram-positive bacterial infections","volume":"77","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Antimicrob. Chemother."},{"key":"B117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7313","DOI":"10.2147\/IDR.S431256","article-title":"Potentiation and mechanism of berberine as an antibiotic adjuvant against multidrug-resistant bacteria","volume":"16","author":"Zhou","year":"2023","journal-title":"Infect. Drug Resist."}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Pharmacology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fphar.2024.1504901\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,7]],"date-time":"2025-01-07T07:41:54Z","timestamp":1736235714000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fphar.2024.1504901\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,7]]},"references-count":118,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fphar.2024.1504901"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fphar.2024.1504901","relation":{},"ISSN":["1663-9812"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1663-9812","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,7]]},"article-number":"1504901"}}