{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,30]],"date-time":"2025-07-30T16:13:19Z","timestamp":1753891999657,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,8]],"date-time":"2025-01-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1736294400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Pharmacol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Postoperative visceral pain is a common complication after endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP). In this study, we compared the analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects of oxycodone and fentanyl in children undergoing ERCP.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A single-center, randomized, double-blind study was conducted at a tertiary care hospital affiliated with Shanghai Jiao Tong University. Eighty-two pediatric patients aged 2\u201318\u00a0years who were scheduled for elective ERCP were randomly assigned to receive either oxycodone (0.2\u00a0mg\/kg) or fentanyl (2\u00a0\u03bcg\/kg). The postoperative pain was evaluated after 10\u00a0min, 20\u00a0min, and 30\u00a0min in the post-anesthesia care unit (PACU) as well as 6\u00a0h and 24\u00a0h in the ward following ERCP. Additionally, inflammatory cytokines in the serum, including tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-\u03b1, interleukin (IL)-6, and IL-10 were examined by blood sampling at baseline, 6\u00a0h, and 24\u00a0h after ERCP.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Compared to fentanyl, children receiving oxycodone had significantly lower pain scores at 30\u00a0min, 6\u00a0h, and 24\u00a0h after ERCP, while the scores at 10 and 20\u00a0min were similar in both groups. We also found that fewer patients had pain scores \u22653 at 6\u00a0h and 24\u00a0h after the procedure in the oxycodone group [36.6% (15\/41) vs. 61.0% (25\/41) at 6\u00a0h, 34.1% (14\/41) vs. 58.5% (24\/41) at 24\u00a0h, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.027 for both cases]. Furthermore, fewer children in the oxycodone group had elevated inflammatory cytokines (IL-6 at 6\u00a0h and TNF-\u03b1 at 24\u00a0h after ERCP) compared to the fentanyl group. The incidence of postoperative vomiting was also lower among children receiving oxycodone [14.1% (7\/41) vs. 24.4% (10\/41), <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.032].<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Oxycodone (0.2\u00a0mg kg<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>) can provide effective analgesia and stable hemodynamics in children undergoing ERCP. This analgesic characteristic may be related to amelioration of inflammation after ERCP.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Clinical Trial Registration<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:ext-link>www.chictr.org.cn<\/jats:ext-link>, identifier ChiCTR2300074473.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2024.1515501","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,8]],"date-time":"2025-01-08T06:23:59Z","timestamp":1736317439000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Oxycodone for analgesia in children undergoing endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography: a randomized, double-blind, parallel study"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Wei","family":"Ji","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Liping","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yue","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jie","family":"Bai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jijian","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1186\/s12871-019-0775-x","article-title":"Preemptive oxycodone is superior to equal dose of sufentanil to reduce visceral pain and inflammatory markers after surgery: a randomized controlled trail","volume":"19","author":"An","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMC Anesthesiol."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"616","DOI":"10.1097\/ALN.0b013e3181af6356","article-title":"Analgesic efficacy of peripheral kappa-opioid receptor agonist CR665 compared to oxycodone in a multi-modal, multi-tissue experimental human pain model: selective effect on visceral pain","volume":"111","author":"Arendt-Nielsen","year":"2009","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1016\/j.accpm.2019.02.011","article-title":"Revision of expert panel's guidelines on postoperative pain management","volume":"38","author":"Aubrun","year":"2019","journal-title":"Anaesth. 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