{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,2]],"date-time":"2026-07-02T11:37:38Z","timestamp":1782992258045,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,21]],"date-time":"2025-02-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1740096000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Pharmacol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>A national centralized volume-based procurement policy (NCVBPP) targeting meropenem has been implemented in China since December 2022. Here, the effects of the meropenem NCVBPP upon the prescription of designated antimicrobials for inpatients were explored.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>The impacts of the meropenem NCVBPP on the consumption of and expenditures for designated antimicrobials prescribed for inpatients were evaluated by means of an interrupted time series analysis (ITSA) using both an autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) model and a segmented regression model. The designated antimicrobials consisted of carbapenem-type antimicrobials and carbapenem-replaced antimicrobials; the latter referred specifically to combinations of penicillins\/cephalosporins with beta-lactamase inhibitors and cephamycins. Data on the consumption of and expenditures for designated antimicrobials used in the inpatient sector of our hospital during the period ranging from January 2020 to March 2024 were collected and subjected to an ITSA.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The meropenem NCVBPP boosted the consumption of meropenem (generic drug and original counterpart); however, neither the total consumption of carbapenem-type antimicrobials nor that of carbapenem-replaced antimicrobials was affected by the meropenem NCVBPP. On the other hand, the meropenem NCVBPP significantly decreased the expenditures on meropenem. Its impacts on the total expenditures for carbapenem-type antimicrobials were unknown. Although a transient increase in the expenditures for carbapenem-replaced antimicrobials and a reduction in the overall expenditures for carbapenem-type antimicrobials plus carbapenem-replaced antimicrobials were also observed following the meropenem NCVBPP, these results were not necessarily caused by the meropenem NCVBPP.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The meropenem NCVBPP triggers increased consumption of but reduced expenditures for meropenem. It has no effects on either the overall consumption of carbapenems or carbapenem-replaced antimicrobials.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2025.1458792","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,21]],"date-time":"2025-02-21T05:19:57Z","timestamp":1740115197000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Impacts of Chinese national centralized volume-based procurement policy targeting meropenem on prescription of designated antimicrobials for inpatients: an interrupted time series analysis"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Zhi-Hang","family":"Lin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Can-Ming","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Li-Li","family":"Cai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"001462","DOI":"10.1099\/jmm.0.001462","article-title":"JMM Profile: carbapenems: a broad-spectrum antibiotic","volume":"70","author":"Armstrong","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Med. Microbiol."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"803","DOI":"10.2165\/00003495-200868060-00006","article-title":"Meropenem: a review of its use in the treatment of serious bacterial infections","volume":"68","author":"Baldwin","year":"2008","journal-title":"Drugs"},{"key":"B3","unstructured":"ACTEST: Stata module to perform Cumby-Huizinga general test for autocorrelation in time series\n          \n          \n            \n              Baum\n              C.\n            \n            \n              Schaffer\n              M.\n            \n          \n          \n          2013"},{"key":"B4","volume-title":"Time series analysis: forecasting and control","author":"Box","year":"2015"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7268","DOI":"10.4081\/idr.2017.7268","article-title":"Changes in antimicrobial prescribing behavior after the introduction of the antimicrobial stewardship program: a pre- and post-intervention survey","volume":"9","author":"Chavada","year":"2017","journal-title":"Infect. 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Drug Saf."},{"key":"B13","unstructured":"Administrative measures for the clinical application of antimicrobials\n          \n          \n          2012"},{"key":"B14","unstructured":"National health commission of the PRC\n          \n          \n          2023"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4943","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00296-11","article-title":"Carbapenems: past, present, and future","volume":"55","author":"Papp-Wallace","year":"2011","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1179\/2047773215Y.0000000030","article-title":"Antimicrobial resistance: a global multifaceted phenomenon","volume":"109","author":"Prestinaci","year":"2015","journal-title":"Pathog. Glob. 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Anti Infect. Ther."},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"668","DOI":"10.1186\/s12913-021-06698-5","article-title":"The impacts of Chinese drug volume-based procurement policy on the use of policy-related antibiotic drugs in Shenzhen, 2018-2019: an interrupted time-series analysis","volume":"21","author":"Yang","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMC Health Serv. Res."},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e005519","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjgh-2021-005519","article-title":"Lowering drug prices and enhancing pharmaceutical affordability: an analysis of the national volume-based procurement (NVBP) effect in China","volume":"6","author":"Yuan","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMJ Glob. 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