{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,10]],"date-time":"2026-04-10T17:21:53Z","timestamp":1775841713478,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,17]],"date-time":"2025-06-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1750118400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Pharmacol."],"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:italic>Pseudomonas aeruginosa<\/jats:italic> infection has become a widespread problem in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). A safe and effective manufacturing method is required to produce antibiotic dry powder inhalations (DPIs) which can be effectively delivered to treat lung infections. In this study, an excipient-free tobramycin inhalable powder was prepared using spray freeze-drying (SFD) method. The mass median aerodynamic diameters (MMAD) of optimized inhalable powder prepared by SFD was 1.30\u00a0\u00b5m, and the fine particle fractions (FPF) reached 83.31%. In both <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic> safety and activity studies, the inhalable powder showed excellent safety performance at both animal and cellular levels, with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 0.5\u00a0\u03bcg\/mL. Compared with intravenous injection, inhalation of excipient-free tobramycin inhalable powder had a better effect in the infected mouse model because of its amorphous state. This study demonstrates that excipient-free tobramycin inhalable powder with good delivery and deposition performance can be successfully obtained using the SFD method. Inhalation of excipient-free tobramycin inhalable powder has the potential to be a promising strategy for treating pulmonary infections caused by <jats:italic>P. aeruginosa<\/jats:italic> in patients with CF.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2025.1528905","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,17]],"date-time":"2025-06-17T04:10:49Z","timestamp":1750133449000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Pulmonary delivery of excipient-free tobramycin DPIs for the treatment of Pseudomonas aeruginosa lung infection with CF"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Song","family":"Cheng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Haozhou","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhihao","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mateng","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yulong","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mengxing","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gang","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lynda Thubelihle","family":"Kanye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Qingzhen","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ning","family":"Xue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kaiqi","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bin","family":"Dong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hanhan","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"121799","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2022.121799","article-title":"Amino acids improve aerosolization and chemical stability of potential inhalable amorphous Spray-dried ceftazidime for Pseudomonas aeruginosa lung infection","volume":"621","author":"Adhikari","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. 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