{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T07:33:15Z","timestamp":1787729595186,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,10]],"date-time":"2025-03-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1741564800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012659","name":"Foundation for Innovative Research Groups of the National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82271514"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82271514"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Pharmacol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>Distal flap necrosis is a common problem in flap transplantation. Bletilla striata polysaccharide (BSP) is the main medicinal component of traditional Chinese medicine Bletilla striata. The purpose of this study was to investigate the mechanism of BSP promoting flap survival.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>The control group, BSP low, medium and high dose groups, BSP + autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine (3-MA) group were designed to establish a model of cross-boundary flap in rat back. After 7\u00a0days of postoperative administration, the samples were taken.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The optimal dose of BSP was determined to be 250\u00a0mg\/kg\/d according to the survival rate of flap, microvessel density, intra-arterial diameter, expression of vascular-related protein and pharmacological toxicity. By detecting the expression level of autophagy-related proteins, it was found that BSP could activate autophagy. After autophagy was blocked, the therapeutic effect of BSP was reversed. In addition, BSP activated the PI3K\/AKT signaling pathway.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Studies have shown that BSP induces autophagy by activating PI3K\/AKT signaling pathway, thereby promoting angiogenesis and improving survival rate of flap.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2025.1544932","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,10]],"date-time":"2025-03-10T06:48:39Z","timestamp":1741589319000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Bletilla striata polysaccharide induces autophagy through PI3K\/AKT signaling pathway to promote the survival of cross-boundary flap in rats"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Qin","family":"Yue","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xinyi","family":"Zeng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Minlan","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jinhao","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lin","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hui","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1186\/s12967-024-04882-9","article-title":"Pharmacological and cell-based treatments to increase local skin flap viability in animal models","volume":"22","author":"Berry","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. 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