{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T16:44:11Z","timestamp":1791996251949,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":144,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,26]],"date-time":"2025-03-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1742947200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Pharmacol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Ischemic stroke is caused by artery stenosis or occlusion, which reduces blood flow and may cause brain damage. Treatment includes restoring blood supply; however, ischemia-reperfusion can still aggravate tissue injury. Reperfusion injury can increase levels of reactive oxygen species, exacerbate mitochondrial dysfunction, create excessive autophagy and ferroptosis, and cause inflammation during microglial infiltration. Cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury (CIRI) is a key challenge in the treatment of ischemic stroke. Currently, thrombolysis (e.g., rt-PA therapy) and mechanical thrombectomy are the primary treatments, but their application is restricted by narrow therapeutic windows (&amp;lt;4.5\u00a0h) and risks of hemorrhagic complications. Exosomes reduce CIRI by regulating oxidative stress, mitochondrial autophagy, inflammatory responses, and glial cell polarization. In addition, their noncellular characteristics provide a safer alternative to stem cell therapy. This article reviews the research progress of exosomes in CIRI in recent years.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2025.1552500","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,26]],"date-time":"2025-03-26T09:06:03Z","timestamp":1742979963000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Exosomes: an innovative therapeutic target for cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Yuan","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yushan","family":"Duan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jinxi","family":"Yue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yue","family":"Yin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yiming","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaohong","family":"Wan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jianlin","family":"Shao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuro.2014.10.002","article-title":"Sesamin attenuates neurotoxicity in mouse model of ischemic brain stroke","volume":"45","author":"Ahmad","year":"2014","journal-title":"NeuroToxicology"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1262","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2019.03.032","article-title":"Selenium drives a transcriptional adaptive Program to block ferroptosis and treat stroke","volume":"177","author":"Alim","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cell."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1007\/s00709-019-01439-2","article-title":"Ischemic stroke and mitochondria: mechanisms and targets","volume":"257","author":"Andrabi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Protoplasma"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2547","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-017-0503-9","article-title":"Mitochondrial quality control and disease: insights into ischemia-reperfusion injury","volume":"55","author":"Anzell","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mol. Neurobiol."},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1111","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biotechadv.2018.03.011","article-title":"Stem cells: their source, potency and use in regenerative therapies with focus on adipose-derived stem cells \u2013 a review","volume":"36","author":"Bacakova","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biotechnol. Adv."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"744","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.01649-16","article-title":"Characterization and diagnostic application of trypanosoma cruzi trypomastigote excreted-secreted antigens shed in extracellular vesicles released from infected mammalian cells","volume":"55","author":"Bautista-L\u00f3pez","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol."},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-10-4397-0_17","article-title":"Circulating exosomes in cardiovascular diseases","volume":"998","author":"Bei","year":"2017","journal-title":"Adv. Exp. Med. Biol."},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcmd.2005.04.008","article-title":"Exosome release by reticulocytes\u2014an integral part of the red blood cell differentiation system","volume":"35","author":"Blanc","year":"2005","journal-title":"Blood Cells, Mol. Dis."},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1186\/s13287-018-0913-2","article-title":"Neural stem cell therapy for subacute and chronic ischemic stroke","volume":"9","author":"Boese","year":"2018","journal-title":"Stem Cell. Res. Ther."},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1037","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.115.011134","article-title":"Direct mechanical intervention versus combined intravenous and mechanical intervention in large artery anterior circulation stroke: a matched-pairs analysis","volume":"47","author":"Broeg-Morvay","year":"2016","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"895","DOI":"10.1089\/ars.2004.6.895","article-title":"Redox regulation in neurodegeneration and longevity: role of the heme oxygenase and HSP70 systems in brain stress tolerance","volume":"6","author":"Calabrese","year":"2004","journal-title":"Antioxidants and Redox Signal."},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2008.07.022","article-title":"Protective role of autophagy in neonatal hypoxia\u2013ischemia induced brain injury","volume":"32","author":"Carloni","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Dis."},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1005","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.32.4.1005","article-title":"Therapeutic benefit of intravenous administration of bone marrow stromal cells after cerebral ischemia in rats","volume":"32","author":"Chen","year":"2001","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1073","DOI":"10.1039\/C9BM01395D","article-title":"Biomimetic drug-delivery systems for the management of brain diseases","volume":"8","author":"Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biomater. Sci."},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3402\/jev.v3.23743","article-title":"Exosomes provide a protective and enriched source of miRNA for biomarker profiling compared to intracellular and cell\u2010free blood","volume":"3","author":"Cheng","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Extracell. Vesicle"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3946","DOI":"10.12659\/MSM.907096","article-title":"Tail vein infusion of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cell alleviated inflammatory response and improved blood brain barrier condition by suppressing endoplasmic reticulum stress in a middle cerebral artery occlusion rat model","volume":"24","author":"Chi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Med. Sci. Monit."},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1012","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000011440","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of intravenous mesenchymal stem cells for ischemic stroke","volume":"96","author":"Chung","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1060","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2012.03.042","article-title":"Ferroptosis: an iron-dependent form of nonapoptotic cell death","volume":"149","author":"Dixon","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cell."},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2012.01.020","article-title":"Hypoxic stress activates chaperone-mediated autophagy and modulates neuronal cell survival","volume":"60","author":"Dohi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neurochem. Int."},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"448","DOI":"10.18632\/aging.101751","article-title":"miRNA-mRNA crosstalk in myocardial ischemia induced by calcified aortic valve stenosis","volume":"11","author":"Duan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Aging"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1397","DOI":"10.18632\/aging.102690","article-title":"Activated Drp1-mediated mitochondrial ROS influence the gut microbiome and intestinal barrier after hemorrhagic shock","volume":"12","author":"Duan","year":"","journal-title":"Aging"},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101706","DOI":"10.1016\/j.redox.2020.101706","article-title":"Mdivi-1 attenuates oxidative stress and exerts vascular protection in ischemic\/hypoxic injury by a mechanism independent of Drp1 GTPase activity","volume":"37","author":"Duan","year":"","journal-title":"Redox Biol."},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1177\/17474930241308142","article-title":"World stroke organization: global stroke fact sheet 2025","volume":"20","author":"Feigin","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int. J. Stroke"},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e22733","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.202201488R","article-title":"Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells\u2010derived exosomal circDLGAP4 promotes angiogenesis after cerebral ischemia\u2013reperfusion injury by regulating miR\u2010320\/KLF5 axis","volume":"37","author":"Feng","year":"2023","journal-title":"FASEB J."},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1093\/jnen\/62.4.329","article-title":"Signaling of cell death and cell survival following focal cerebral ischemia: life and death struggle in the penumbra","volume":"62","author":"Ferrer","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Neuropathol. Exp. Neurol."},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"774","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1190928","article-title":"Specification and morphogenesis of astrocytes","volume":"330","author":"Freeman","year":"2010","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1547","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2017.02.034","article-title":"Effects of noggin-transfected neural stem cells on neural functional recovery and underlying mechanism in rats with cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury","volume":"26","author":"Fu","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Stroke Cerebrovasc. Dis."},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2009.07.028","article-title":"Approaches to transport therapeutic drugs across the blood\u2013brain barrier to treat brain diseases","volume":"37","author":"Gabathuler","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Dis."},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2015.05.041","article-title":"Novel stroke therapeutics: unraveling stroke pathophysiology and its impact on clinical treatments","volume":"87","author":"George","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"616","DOI":"10.2174\/1566524014666140603101520","article-title":"Autophagy and heart disease: implications for cardiac ischemia- reperfusion damage","volume":"14","author":"Ghavami","year":"2014","journal-title":"CMM"},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1002\/path.2697","article-title":"Autophagy: cellular and molecular mechanisms","volume":"221","author":"Glick","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Pathology"},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1186\/s12951-021-00879-4","article-title":"Surface-modified engineered exosomes attenuated cerebral ischemia\/reperfusion injury by targeting the delivery of quercetin towards impaired neurons","volume":"19","author":"Guo","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Nanobiotechnol"},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1317","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0804656","article-title":"Thrombolysis with alteplase 3 to 4.5 hours after acute ischemic stroke","volume":"359","author":"Hacke","year":"2008","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-019-1689-8","article-title":"Mitochondrial dysfunction mediated through dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1) propagates impairment in blood brain barrier in septic encephalopathy","volume":"17","author":"Haileselassie","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Neuroinflammation"},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"JC14","DOI":"10.7326\/ACPJ201908200-014","article-title":"Review: after stroke or TIA, adding clopidogrel to aspirin for \u2264 1 month reduces recurrence and MACE","volume":"171","author":"Hankey","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ann. Intern Med."},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"679","DOI":"10.1124\/jpet.108.149807","article-title":"Intranasal deferoxamine provides increased brain exposure and significant protection in rat ischemic stroke","volume":"330","author":"Hanson","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther."},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2018.11.018","article-title":"Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell transplantation exerts neuroprotective effects following cerebral ischemia\/reperfusion injury by inhibiting autophagy via the PI3K\/Akt pathway","volume":"1707","author":"He","year":"2019","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e23077","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.202300309RR","article-title":"Elastin\u2010like polypeptide delivery of anti\u2010inflammatory peptides to the brain following ischemic stroke","volume":"37","author":"Howell","year":"2023","journal-title":"FASEB J."},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4929","DOI":"10.1038\/onc.2017.105","article-title":"Hypoxic lung cancer-secreted exosomal miR-23a increased angiogenesis and vascular permeability by targeting prolyl hydroxylase and tight junction protein ZO-1","volume":"36","author":"Hsu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Oncogene"},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1038\/nrneurol.2014.207","article-title":"Microglial and macrophage polarization\u2014new prospects for brain repair","volume":"11","author":"Hu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Neurol."},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3063","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.112.659656","article-title":"Microglia\/macrophage polarization dynamics reveal novel mechanism of injury expansion after focal cerebral ischemia","volume":"43","author":"Hu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.3892\/ijmm.2016.2584","article-title":"Synergistic cardioprotective effects of Danshensu and hydroxysafflor yellow A against myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury are mediated through the Akt\/Nrf2\/HO-1 pathway","volume":"38","author":"Hu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Med."},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms19010036","article-title":"Neural stem cells and its derivatives as a new material for melanin inhibition","volume":"19","author":"Hwang","year":"2017","journal-title":"IJMS"},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"720","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.112.677328","article-title":"Intra-arterial cell transplantation provides timing-dependent cell distribution and functional recovery after stroke","volume":"44","author":"Ishizaka","year":"2013","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"864","DOI":"10.1159\/000490078","article-title":"Exosomes from MiR-30d-5p-ADSCs reverse acute ischemic stroke-induced, autophagy-mediated brain injury by promoting M2 microglial\/macrophage polarization","volume":"47","author":"Jiang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell. Physiol. Biochem."},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1357","DOI":"10.1007\/s10856-014-5157-9","article-title":"Intracarotid transplantation of autologous adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells significantly improves neurological deficits in rats after MCAo","volume":"25","author":"Jiang","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Mater Sci. Mater Med."},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117987","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2020.117987","article-title":"Plasma exosomes protect against cerebral ischemia\/reperfusion injury via exosomal HSP70 mediated suppression of ROS","volume":"256","author":"Jiang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Life Sci."},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"916","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2020.12.020","article-title":"Inhibiting ferroptosis: a novel approach for stroke therapeutics","volume":"26","author":"Jin","year":"2021","journal-title":"Drug Discov. Today"},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"eaau6977","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aau6977","article-title":"The biology, function, and biomedical applications of exosomes","volume":"367","author":"Kalluri","year":"2020","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2319","DOI":"10.3892\/ijmm.2019.4150","article-title":"Human peripheral blood-derived exosomes for microRNA delivery","volume":"43","author":"Kang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Med."},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"119942","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2020.119942","article-title":"Mesenchymal stem cell-derived magnetic extracellular nanovesicles for targeting and treatment of ischemic stroke","volume":"243","author":"Kim","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2013.06.028","article-title":"Quantitative analysis of the brain-targeted delivery of drugs and model compounds using nano-delivery systems","volume":"171","author":"Kozlovskaya","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Control. Release"},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1038\/s41582-020-00435-y","article-title":"Neuroinflammation and microglial activation in Alzheimer disease: where do we go from here?","volume":"17","author":"Leng","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Neurol."},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1111\/nyas.13102","article-title":"Isolation and characterization of primary bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells","volume":"1370","author":"Li","year":"","journal-title":"Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci."},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1770","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-15-1625","article-title":"Exosomes derived from hypoxic oral squamous cell carcinoma cells deliver miR-21 to normoxic cells to elicit a prometastatic phenotype","volume":"76","author":"Li","year":"","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1004","DOI":"10.1248\/cpb.c17-00267","article-title":"Protection of tong-qiao-huo-xue decoction against cerebral ischemic injury through reduction blood\u2013brain barrier permeability","volume":"65","author":"Li","year":"2017","journal-title":"Chem. Pharm. Bull."},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2014.01.032","article-title":"Rapamycin attenuates mitochondrial dysfunction via activation of mitophagy in experimental ischemic stroke","volume":"444","author":"Li","year":"2014","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophysical Res. Commun."},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"416","DOI":"10.1186\/s12951-023-02161-1","article-title":"Panax notoginseng: derived exosome-like nanoparticles attenuate ischemia reperfusion injury via altering microglia polarization","volume":"21","author":"Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Nanobiotechnol"},{"key":"B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3030","DOI":"10.1080\/21655979.2021.2012402","article-title":"Exosomal microRNA-150-5p from bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells mitigates cerebral ischemia\/reperfusion injury via targeting toll-like receptor 5","volume":"13","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"Bioengineered"},{"key":"B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102758","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2024.102758","article-title":"Global, regional, and national burden of ischemic stroke, 1990\u20132021: an analysis of data from the global burden of disease study 2021","volume":"75","author":"Li","year":"2024","journal-title":"eClinicalMedicine"},{"key":"B61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8814239","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/8814239","article-title":"Exosomes derived from CXCR4-overexpressing BMSC promoted activation of microvascular endothelial cells in cerebral ischemia\/reperfusion injury","volume":"2020","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neural Plast."},{"key":"B62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1007\/s11684-014-0371-x","article-title":"Implantation of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells for ischemic stroke: perspectives and challenges","volume":"9","author":"Li","year":"2015","journal-title":"Front. Med."},{"key":"B63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419-022-04708-w","article-title":"Mesenchymal stem cells protect against ferroptosis via exosome-mediated stabilization of SLC7A11 in acute liver injury","volume":"13","author":"Lin","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cell. Death Dis."},{"key":"B64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"787","DOI":"10.1038\/nature05292","article-title":"Mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress in neurodegenerative diseases","volume":"443","author":"Lin","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"152584","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tox.2020.152584","article-title":"Oxidative stress-dependent frataxin inhibition mediated alcoholic hepatocytotoxicity through ferroptosis","volume":"445","author":"Liu","year":"","journal-title":"Toxicology"},{"key":"B66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1388","DOI":"10.4103\/1673-5374.274331","article-title":"Autophagy and inflammation in ischemic stroke","volume":"15","author":"Liu","year":"","journal-title":"Neural Regen. Res."},{"key":"B67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1021","DOI":"10.3892\/ijmm.2017.2915","article-title":"3\u2032-Daidzein sulfonate sodium inhibits neuronal apoptosis induced by cerebral ischemia-reperfusion","volume":"39","author":"Liu","year":"","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Med."},{"key":"B68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113700","DOI":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2021.113700","article-title":"Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes attenuate cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury-induced neuroinflammation and pyroptosis by modulating microglia M1\/M2 phenotypes","volume":"341","author":"Liu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Exp. Neurol."},{"key":"B69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"567","DOI":"10.1111\/cns.12702","article-title":"Pseudoginsenoside\u2010F11 attenuates cerebral ischemic injury by alleviating autophagic\/lysosomal defects","volume":"23","author":"Liu","year":"","journal-title":"CNS Neurosci. Ther."},{"key":"B70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2017.00233","article-title":"Curcumin protects against ischemic stroke by titrating microglia\/macrophage polarization","volume":"9","author":"Liu","year":"","journal-title":"Front. Aging Neurosci."},{"key":"B71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1353","DOI":"10.1111\/cns.13261","article-title":"Melatonin protects against ischemic stroke by modulating microglia\/macrophage polarization toward anti\u2010inflammatory phenotype through STAT3 pathway","volume":"25","author":"Liu","year":"2019","journal-title":"CNS Neurosci. Ther."},{"key":"B72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102291","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tranon.2025.102291","article-title":"CD47 is a tumor cell-derived exosomal signature and regulates tumor immune microenvironment and immunotherapy responses","volume":"53","author":"Luan","year":"2025","journal-title":"Transl. Oncol."},{"key":"B73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2011.10.005","article-title":"Exosomes: small vesicles participating in intercellular communication","volume":"44","author":"Ludwig","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int. J. Biochem. and Cell. Biol."},{"key":"B74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"516","DOI":"10.1007\/s12031-019-01341-9","article-title":"Plasma exosomal miR-450b-5p as a possible biomarker and therapeutic target for transient ischaemic attacks in rats","volume":"69","author":"Luo","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Mol. Neurosci."},{"key":"B75","first-page":"315","article-title":"Stroke and aging","volume":"69","author":"Ly","year":"2014","journal-title":"Rev. Med. Liege"},{"key":"B76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3142","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.120.030152","article-title":"Placental mitochondria therapy for cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury in mice","volume":"51","author":"Nakamura","year":"2020","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"B77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1038\/cgt.2016.77","article-title":"Circulating exosomes and exosomal microRNAs as biomarkers in gastrointestinal cancer","volume":"24","author":"Nedaeinia","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cancer Gene Ther."},{"key":"B78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1016\/j.redox.2014.11.006","article-title":"Mitochondrial dynamics and mitochondrial quality control","volume":"4","author":"Ni","year":"2015","journal-title":"Redox Biol."},{"key":"B79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2005.06.062","article-title":"I.v. infusion of brain-derived neurotrophic factor gene-modified human mesenchymal stem cells protects against injury in a cerebral ischemia model in adult rat","volume":"136","author":"Nomura","year":"2005","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"B80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1145","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2012.02.035","article-title":"Mitochondria: in sickness and in Health","volume":"148","author":"Nunnari","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cell."},{"key":"B81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1090","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcyt.2015.04.007","article-title":"Early neuroprotective effect with lack of long-term cell replacement effect on experimental stroke after intra-arterial transplantation of adipose-derived mesenchymal stromal cells","volume":"17","author":"Oh","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cytotherapy"},{"key":"B82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1007\/s12975-018-0654-7","article-title":"Role of exosomes as a treatment and potential biomarker for stroke","volume":"10","author":"Otero-Ortega","year":"2019","journal-title":"Transl. Stroke Res."},{"key":"B83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"774","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2015.04.034","article-title":"RNA exosome-regulated long non-coding RNA transcription controls super-enhancer activity","volume":"161","author":"Pefanis","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cell."},{"key":"B84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"556","DOI":"10.1097\/WCO.0000000000000248","article-title":"Blood\u2212brain barrier breakdown and neovascularization processes after stroke and traumatic brain injury","volume":"28","author":"Prakash","year":"2015","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Neurol."},{"key":"B85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"921","DOI":"10.1007\/s12264-019-00388-3","article-title":"Dual functions of microglia in ischemic stroke","volume":"35","author":"Qin","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neurosci. Bull."},{"key":"B86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2016.11.045","article-title":"Adaptive responses of neuronal mitochondria to bioenergetic challenges: roles in neuroplasticity and disease resistance","volume":"102","author":"Raefsky","year":"2017","journal-title":"Free Radic. Biol. Med."},{"key":"B87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1038\/nri2565","article-title":"Regulation of innate immune responses in the brain","volume":"9","author":"Rivest","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"B88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"340","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419-019-1571-8","article-title":"Neural stem cell-derived small extracellular vesicles attenuate apoptosis and neuroinflammation after traumatic spinal cord injury by activating autophagy","volume":"10","author":"Rong","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cell. Death Dis."},{"key":"B89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"524","DOI":"10.1016\/j.stem.2020.10.015","article-title":"CRISPR-mediated induction of neuron-enriched mitochondrial proteins boosts direct glia-to-neuron conversion","volume":"28","author":"Russo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cell. Stem Cell."},{"key":"B90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1617","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.201800987R","article-title":"Characterization of heat shock protein 27 in extracellular vesicles: a potential anti\u2010inflammatory therapy","volume":"33","author":"Shi","year":"2019","journal-title":"FASEB J."},{"key":"B91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1630","DOI":"10.3390\/cells9071630","article-title":"Metabolome changes in cerebral ischemia","volume":"9","author":"Shin","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"B92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"758","DOI":"10.1016\/j.it.2020.07.004","article-title":"Astrocyte reactivity: subtypes, States, and functions in CNS innate immunity","volume":"41","author":"Sofroniew","year":"2020","journal-title":"Trends Immunol."},{"key":"B93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1038\/s41580-020-00300-2","article-title":"Quality control of the mitochondrial proteome","volume":"22","author":"Song","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell. Biol."},{"key":"B94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1001","DOI":"10.3727\/096368916X694391","article-title":"Human dental pulp stem cells are more effective than human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells in cerebral ischemic injury","volume":"26","author":"Song","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cell. Transpl."},{"key":"B95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2505","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2019.02505","article-title":"Platelets as modulators of cerebral ischemia\/reperfusion injury","volume":"10","author":"Stegner","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"B96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2017.09.021","article-title":"Ferroptosis: a regulated cell death nexus linking metabolism, redox biology, and disease","volume":"171","author":"Stockwell","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cell."},{"key":"B97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pneurobio.2017.07.004","article-title":"Stem cell therapy for abrogating stroke-induced neuroinflammation and relevant secondary cell death mechanisms","volume":"158","author":"Stonesifer","year":"2017","journal-title":"Prog. Neurobiol."},{"key":"B98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2020.00084","article-title":"Eugenol attenuates cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury by enhancing autophagy via AMPK-mTOR-P70S6K pathway","volume":"11","author":"Sun","year":"","journal-title":"Front. Pharmacol."},{"key":"B99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110108","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2020.110108","article-title":"The emerging role of ferroptosis in inflammation","volume":"127","author":"Sun","year":"","journal-title":"Biomed. and Pharmacother."},{"key":"B100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1038\/nature14626","article-title":"Cancer: diagnosis by extracellular vesicles","volume":"523","author":"Th\u00e9ry","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1002\/0471143030.cb0322s30","article-title":"Isolation and characterization of exosomes from cell culture supernatants and biological fluids","volume":"30","author":"Th\u00e9ry","year":"2006","journal-title":"CP Cell. Biol."},{"key":"B102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7527","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.166.12.7527","article-title":"Minocycline provides neuroprotection AgainstN-methyl-d-aspartate neurotoxicity by inhibiting microglia","volume":"166","author":"Tikka","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"B103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1520","DOI":"10.1038\/mp.2017.171","article-title":"Tau-mediated iron export prevents ferroptotic damage after ischemic stroke","volume":"22","author":"Tuo","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"B104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"654","DOI":"10.1038\/ncb1596","article-title":"Exosome-mediated transfer of mRNAs and microRNAs is a novel mechanism of genetic exchange between cells","volume":"9","author":"Valadi","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nat. Cell. Biol."},{"key":"B105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1038\/nrm.2017.125","article-title":"Shedding light on the cell biology of extracellular vesicles","volume":"19","author":"van Niel","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell. Biol."},{"key":"B106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.4161\/auto.8.2.18599","article-title":"Stimulation of autophagy by rapamycin protects neurons from remote degeneration after acute focal brain damage","volume":"8","author":"Viscomi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Autophagy"},{"key":"B107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2019.01.003","article-title":"Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of chalcone analogues with novel dual antioxidant mechanisms as potential anti-ischemic stroke agents","volume":"9","author":"Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Acta Pharm. Sin. B"},{"key":"B108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2059","DOI":"10.1002\/jnr.24025","article-title":"Transplantation with hypoxia\u2010preconditioned mesenchymal stem cells suppresses brain injury caused by cardiac arrest\u2013induced global cerebral ischemia in rats","volume":"95","author":"Wang","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Neurosci. Res."},{"key":"B109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"518","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2018.05.143","article-title":"Treatment targets for M2 microglia polarization in ischemic stroke","volume":"105","author":"Wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biomed. and Pharmacother."},{"key":"B110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"314","DOI":"10.1097\/NEN.0b013e31821352bd","article-title":"Severe global cerebral ischemia-induced programmed necrosis of hippocampal CA1 neurons in rat is prevented by 3-methyladenine: a widely used inhibitor of autophagy","volume":"70","author":"Wang","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Neuropathol. Exp. Neurol."},{"key":"B111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"116560","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2024.116560","article-title":"Mastoparan M promotes functional recovery in stroke mice by activating autophagy and inhibiting ferroptosis","volume":"174","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Biomed. and Pharmacother."},{"key":"B112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107235","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2023.107235","article-title":"Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomal miR-193b-5p reduces pyroptosis after ischemic stroke by targeting AIM2","volume":"32","author":"Wang","year":"","journal-title":"J. Stroke Cerebrovasc. Dis."},{"key":"B113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1186\/s12951-023-01862-x","article-title":"Anti-CHAC1 exosomes for nose-to-brain delivery of miR-760-3p in cerebral ischemia\/reperfusion injury mice inhibiting neuron ferroptosis","volume":"21","author":"Wang","year":"","journal-title":"J. Nanobiotechnol"},{"key":"B114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1136\/svn-2021-001374","article-title":"China stroke statistics: an update on the 2019 report from the national center for healthcare quality management in neurological diseases, China national clinical research center for neurological diseases, the Chinese stroke association, national center for chronic and non-communicable disease control and prevention, Chinese center for disease control and prevention and Institute for global neuroscience and stroke collaborations","volume":"7","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Stroke Vasc. Neurol."},{"key":"B115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e12404","DOI":"10.1002\/jev2.12404","article-title":"Minimal information for studies of extracellular vesicles (MISEV2023): from basic to advanced approaches","volume":"13","author":"Welsh","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Extracell. Vesicle"},{"key":"B116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3402\/jev.v2i0.20360","article-title":"Standardization of sample collection, isolation and analysis methods in extracellular vesicle research","volume":"2","author":"Witwer","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Extracell. Vesicle"},{"key":"B117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1007\/s12031-018-1155-6","article-title":"Ferroptosis, a recent defined form of critical cell death in neurological disorders","volume":"66","author":"Wu","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Mol. Neurosci."},{"key":"B118","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e014920","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.119.014920","article-title":"CARD3 promotes cerebral ischemia\u2010reperfusion injury via activation of TAK1","volume":"9","author":"Wu","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAHA"},{"key":"B119","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"519","DOI":"10.1186\/s13287-020-02011-z","article-title":"What is the impact of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell transplantation on clinical treatment?","volume":"11","author":"Xie","year":"2020","journal-title":"Stem Cell. Res. Ther."},{"key":"B120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1186\/s10020-022-00595-1","article-title":"Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomal lncRNA KLF3-AS1 stabilizes Sirt1 protein to improve cerebral ischemia\/reperfusion injury via miR-206\/USP22 axis","volume":"29","author":"Xie","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mol. Med."},{"key":"B121","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"294","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2020.00294","article-title":"Glial cells: role of the immune response in ischemic stroke","volume":"11","author":"Xu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"B122","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"116733","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2019.116733","article-title":"Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells derived-exosomes in diseases treatment","volume":"233","author":"Yaghoubi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Life Sci."},{"key":"B123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1016\/S0301-0082(00)00006-X","article-title":"Implication of cysteine proteases calpain, cathepsin and caspase in ischemic neuronal death of primates","volume":"62","author":"Yamashima","year":"2000","journal-title":"Prog. Neurobiol."},{"key":"B124","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"791","DOI":"10.1002\/hipo.10127","article-title":"Sustained calpain activation associated with lysosomal rupture executes necrosis of the postischemic CA1 neurons in primates","volume":"13","author":"Yamashima","year":"2003","journal-title":"Hippocampus"},{"key":"B125","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1802896","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.201802896","article-title":"Exosome biochemistry and advanced nanotechnology for next\u2010generation theranostic platforms","volume":"31","author":"Yang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Adv. Mater."},{"key":"B126","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tcb.2015.10.014","article-title":"Ferroptosis: death by lipid peroxidation","volume":"26","author":"Yang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Trends Cell. Biol."},{"key":"B127","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.2147\/IJN.S385395","article-title":"Exosomal miR-133a-3p derived from BMSCs alleviates cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury via targeting DAPK2","volume":"18","author":"Yang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. J. Nanomedicine"},{"key":"B128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-015-0245-4","article-title":"Attenuation of acute stroke injury in rat brain by minocycline promotes blood\u2013brain barrier remodeling and alternative microglia\/macrophage activation during recovery","volume":"12","author":"Yang","year":"","journal-title":"J. Neuroinflammation"},{"key":"B129","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yexmp.2015.02.003","article-title":"Hypoxia induces microglia autophagy and neural inflammation injury in focal cerebral ischemia model","volume":"98","author":"Yang","year":"","journal-title":"Exp. Mol. Pathology"},{"key":"B130","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1087","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.0000206281.77178.ac","article-title":"Microglia potentiate damage to blood-brain barrier constituents: improvement by minocycline in vivo and in vitro","volume":"37","author":"Yenari","year":"2006","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"B131","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"661317","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2021.661317","article-title":"Exosomes from miR-19b-3p-modified ADSCs inhibit ferroptosis in intracerebral hemorrhage mice","volume":"9","author":"Yi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Cell. Dev. Biol."},{"key":"B132","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5028","DOI":"10.1111\/jcmm.15125","article-title":"Down\u2010regulated lncRNA SBF2\u2010AS1 in M2 macrophage\u2010derived exosomes elevates miR\u2010122\u20105p to restrict XIAP, thereby limiting pancreatic cancer development","volume":"24","author":"Yin","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Cell. Mol. Medi"},{"key":"B133","first-page":"4807","article-title":"Tetramethylpyrazine phosphate and borneol combination therapy synergistically attenuated ischemia-reperfusion injury of the hypothalamus and striatum via regulation of apoptosis and autophagy in a rat model","volume":"9","author":"Yu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am. J. Transl. Res."},{"key":"B134","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11877","DOI":"10.18632\/aging.202889","article-title":"Overexpression of microRNA-202-3p in bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells improves cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury by promoting angiogenesis and inhibiting inflammation","volume":"13","author":"Yu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Aging"},{"key":"B135","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-13-9589-5_3","article-title":"Brain iron metabolism and regulation","volume":"1173","author":"Yu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Adv. Exp. Med. Biol."},{"key":"B136","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.3389\/fncel.2020.00182","article-title":"Exosomes secreted from bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells attenuate oxygen-glucose deprivation\/reoxygenation-induced pyroptosis in PC12 cells by promoting AMPK-dependent autophagic flux","volume":"14","author":"Zeng","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Cell. Neurosci."},{"key":"B137","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"958","DOI":"10.2174\/1574888X16666210309153949","article-title":"Advances in stem cells transplantation for the therapy of Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"16","author":"Zeng","year":"2021","journal-title":"CSCR"},{"key":"B138","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1838","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules24091838","article-title":"The role of astragaloside IV against cerebral ischemia\/reperfusion injury: suppression of apoptosis via promotion of P62-LC3-autophagy","volume":"24","author":"Zhang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"B139","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3079","DOI":"10.2147\/JIR.S414121","article-title":"Neural stem cell-derived exosomes improve neurological function in rats with cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury by regulating microglia-mediated inflammatory response","volume":"16","author":"Zhao","year":"2023","journal-title":"JIR"},{"key":"B140","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1723","DOI":"10.1177\/0963689718806846","article-title":"Mesenchymal stem cell therapy in stroke: a systematic review of literature in pre-clinical and clinical research","volume":"27","author":"Zheng","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell. Transpl."},{"key":"B141","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1177\/1535370219895491","article-title":"Neural stem cell-derived exosomes facilitate spinal cord functional recovery after injury by promoting angiogenesis","volume":"245","author":"Zhong","year":"2020","journal-title":"Exp. Biol. Med. (Maywood)"},{"key":"B142","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2022.09.089","article-title":"MiR-145 enriched exosomes derived from bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells protects against cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury through downregulation of FOXO1","volume":"632","author":"Zhou","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophysical Res. Commun."},{"key":"B143","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1186\/s12883-018-1196-z","article-title":"Increased serum exosomal miR-134 expression in the acute ischemic stroke patients","volume":"18","author":"Zhou","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMC Neurol."},{"key":"B144","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2618","DOI":"10.1038\/cddis.2017.34","article-title":"Inhibition of autophagy blocks cathepsins\u2013tBid\u2013mitochondrial apoptotic signaling pathway via stabilization of lysosomal membrane in ischemic astrocytes","volume":"8","author":"Zhou","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cell. Death Dis."}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Pharmacology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fphar.2025.1552500\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,26]],"date-time":"2025-03-26T09:06:07Z","timestamp":1742979967000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fphar.2025.1552500\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,26]]},"references-count":144,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fphar.2025.1552500"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fphar.2025.1552500","relation":{},"ISSN":["1663-9812"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1663-9812","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,26]]},"article-number":"1552500"}}