{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,12]],"date-time":"2026-02-12T12:07:34Z","timestamp":1770898054671,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]],"date-time":"2025-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751328000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Pharmacol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Whether specific antihypertensive treatments increase cancer risk in patients with hypertension is still controversial. We aimed to estimate the associations of different antihypertensive treatments with cancer risk in real-world settings.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A longitudinal cohort study was designed in a population of 1.2\u00a0million individuals from the <jats:italic>CHinese Electronic health Records Research in Yinzhou<\/jats:italic> (CHERRY). Propensity score matching (PSM) and the Cox regression model were used to estimate the associations. Several sensitivity analyses were then performed to reduce potential residual confounding.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>From 2009 to 2019, a total of 270,320 patients with newly diagnosed hypertension were included in this study. With a median follow-up time of 7.7\u00a0years, 14,264 cases of cancer occurred. There were no significant associations of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs), angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs), \u03b2-blockers, or thiazide diuretics (TDs) with cancer risk (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &amp;gt; 0.05). Compared with other antihypertensive treatments, the use of calcium channel blockers (CCBs) was significantly associated with a marginally mild increase in the risk of all cancers (hazard ratio, HR = 1.05; 95% CI: 1.01, 1.09; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.017). However, this association was no longer observed in sensitivity analyses excluding patients with less than 1, 2, or 3\u00a0years of follow-up. Nevertheless, the association between CCBs and the risk of endocrine cancer, especially thyroid cancer, still exists.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Despite previous controversy, in this study, we found no clinically meaningful cancer risk associated with antihypertensive medications. However, the association of CCBs with specific cancer still requires further research. These findings should be interpreted with caution due to the potential residual confounding.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2025.1559604","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]],"date-time":"2025-07-01T05:28:35Z","timestamp":1751347715000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Antihypertensive medications and cancer risk: Evidence from 0.27 million patients with newly diagnosed hypertension"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Huan","family":"Yu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhike","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yiqun","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Liuyan","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kun","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jingxian","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Huairong","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kexin","family":"Ding","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ruotong","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Huziwei","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Feng","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yonghua","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hongbo","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Peng","family":"Shen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Siyan","family":"Zhan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1097\/CAD.0b013e32832bd1e3","article-title":"Prevention of pancreatic cancer by the beta-blocker propranolol","volume":"20","author":"Al-Wadei","year":"2009","journal-title":"Anti-cancer Drugs"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(21)00085-1","article-title":"Elucidating the association between antihypertensive drugs and cancer: a need for real-world studies","volume":"22","author":"Azoulay","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e25714","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000025714","article-title":"Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors and risk of lung cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"100","author":"Batais","year":"2021","journal-title":"Medicine"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"558","DOI":"10.1097\/HJH.0000000000000813","article-title":"Antihypertensive agents and the risk of breast cancer in women aged 55 years and older: a nested case-control study","volume":"34","author":"Chang","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. 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