{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,6]],"date-time":"2026-11-06T23:13:34Z","timestamp":1794006814530,"version":"4.8.0"},"reference-count":164,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,23]],"date-time":"2025-04-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1745366400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Pharmacol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Astragaloside IV (C<jats:sub>41<\/jats:sub>H<jats:sub>68<\/jats:sub>O<jats:sub>14<\/jats:sub>, AS-IV) is a naturally occurring saponin isolated from the root of <jats:italic>Astragalus membranaceus<\/jats:italic>, a widely used traditional Chinese botanical drug in medicine. In recent years, AS-IV has attracted considerable attention for its hepatoprotective properties, which are attributed to its low toxicity as well as its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and antitumour effects. Numerous preclinical studies have demonstrated its potential in the prevention and treatment of various liver diseases, including multifactorial liver injury, metabolic-associated fatty liver disease, liver fibrosis and liver cancer. Given the promising hepatoprotective potential of AS-IV and the growing interest in its research, this review provides a comprehensive summary of the current state of research on the hepatoprotective effects of AS-IV, based on literature available in databases such as CNKI, PubMed, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar and Web of Science. The hepatoprotective mechanisms of AS-IV are multifaceted, encompassing the inhibition of inflammatory responses, reduction of oxidative stress, improvement of insulin and leptin resistance, modulation of the gut microbiota, suppression of hepatocellular carcinoma cell proliferation and induction of tumour cell apoptosis. Notably, key molecular pathways involved in these effects include Nrf2\/HO-1, NF-\u03baB, NLRP3\/Caspase-1, JNK\/c-Jun\/AP-1, PPAR\u03b1\/FSP1 and Akt\/GSK-3\u03b2\/\u03b2-catenin. Toxicity studies indicate that AS-IV has a high level of safety. In addition, this review discusses the sources, physicochemical properties, and current challenges in the development and clinical application of AS-IV, providing valuable insights into its potential as a hepatoprotective agent in the pharmaceutical and nutraceutical industries.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2025.1574154","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,23]],"date-time":"2025-04-23T05:22:05Z","timestamp":1745385725000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Astragaloside IV as a promising therapeutic agent for liver diseases: current landscape and future perspectives"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Chunyan","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaolan","family":"Bu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liping","family":"Deng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiayan","family":"Xia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xinming","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Li","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wen","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jie","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qixiang","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cheng","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"112328","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2021.112328","article-title":"The role of natural antioxidants in cisplatin-induced hepatotoxicity","volume":"144","author":"Abd Rashid","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biomed. Pharmacother."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"985","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2019.01.026","article-title":"Autophagy in liver diseases: time for translation?","volume":"70","author":"Allaire","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Hepatol."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"188314","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbcan.2019.188314","article-title":"Challenges in liver cancer and possible treatment approaches","volume":"1873","author":"Anwanwan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta Rev. Cancer"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7163326","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/7163326","article-title":"Canonical Wnt signaling in the pathology of iron overload-induced oxidative stress and age-related diseases","volume":"2022","author":"Armstrong","year":"2022","journal-title":"Oxid. Med. Cell Longev."},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1038\/s41575-020-0269-9","article-title":"Gut microbiota and human NAFLD: disentangling microbial signatures from metabolic disorders","volume":"17","author":"Aron-Wisnewsky","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2137","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1914900","article-title":"Acute-on-chronic liver failure","volume":"382","author":"Arroyo","year":"2020","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"B7","first-page":"22","article-title":"Effects of astragaloside IV on dimethylnitrosamine-induced hepatic fibrosis in rats","volume":"40","author":"Bai","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Hunan Univ. Chin. Med."},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5463","DOI":"10.1111\/febs.16336","article-title":"Nrf2 and oxidative stress in liver ischemia\/reperfusion injury","volume":"289","author":"Bardallo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Febs J."},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"929","DOI":"10.1016\/j.redox.2014.07.007","article-title":"Innate immunity and cell death in alcoholic liver disease: role of cytochrome P4502E1","volume":"2","author":"Barnes","year":"2014","journal-title":"Redox Biol."},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2018.03.006","article-title":"Metazoan MicroRNAs","volume":"173","author":"Bartel","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-immunol-032414-112116","article-title":"Endoplasmic reticulum stress in immunity","volume":"33","author":"Bettigole","year":"2015","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2067","DOI":"10.1007\/s00432-018-2725-2","article-title":"Evaluation of Vav3.1 as prognostic marker in endometrial cancer","volume":"144","author":"Boesch","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Cancer Res. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109503","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cbpc.2022.109503","article-title":"Alleviative effects of astragaloside IV on cyclophosphamide-induced oxidative damage and immunosuppression in tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)","volume":"264","author":"Cao","year":"2023","journal-title":"Comp. Biochem. Physiol. C Toxicol. Pharmacol."},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e13449","DOI":"10.1111\/cpr.13449","article-title":"Recent advances in the role of endogenous hydrogen sulphide in cancer cells","volume":"56","author":"Chen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cell Prolif."},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1186\/s12967-023-03944-8","article-title":"BCG-induced trained immunity: history, mechanisms and potential applications","volume":"21","author":"Chen","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Transl. Med."},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1233","DOI":"10.1111\/jgh.16282","article-title":"Alcohol and the mechanisms of liver disease","volume":"38","author":"Chen","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1393451","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2024.1393451","article-title":"Dendritic cell subsets and implications for cancer immunotherapy","volume":"15","author":"Chen","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1038\/s41573-022-00410-w","article-title":"Therapeutically harnessing extracellular vesicles","volume":"21","author":"Cheng","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Drug Discov."},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1456","DOI":"10.1016\/j.transproceed.2011.02.066","article-title":"Astragaloside IV protects against ischemia reperfusion in a murine model of orthotopic liver transplantation","volume":"43","author":"Cheng","year":"2011","journal-title":"Transpl. Proc."},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"837","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2022.03.003","article-title":"The inflammasome NLR family pyrin domain-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) as a novel therapeutic target for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis","volume":"192","author":"Colunga Biancatelli","year":"2022","journal-title":"Am. J. Pathol."},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103397","DOI":"10.1016\/j.etap.2020.103397","article-title":"Astragaloside IV suppresses development of hepatocellular carcinoma by regulating miR-150-5p\/\u03b2-catenin axis","volume":"78","author":"Cui","year":"2020","journal-title":"Environ. Toxicol. Pharmacol."},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1268","DOI":"10.13748\/j.cnki.issn1007-7693.2022.10.002","article-title":"Study on mechanism of improvement effects of astragaloside IV on hepatic fibrosis model rats","volume":"39","author":"Dai","year":"2022","journal-title":"Chin. J. Mod. Appl. Pharm."},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"638","DOI":"10.1038\/nrclinonc.2009.146","article-title":"Cyclophosphamide and cancer: golden anniversary","volume":"6","author":"Emadi","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"992","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2021.01.004","article-title":"MAFLD: a game changer redefining fatty liver disease for adults and children","volume":"74","author":"Eslam","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Hepatol."},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S417","DOI":"10.33549\/physiolres.933506","article-title":"In vitro and in vivo experimental hepatotoxic models in liver research: applications to the assessment of potential hepatoprotective drugs","volume":"65","author":"Farghali","year":"2016","journal-title":"Physiol. Res."},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jceh.2021.08.017","article-title":"A current understanding of bile acids in chronic liver disease","volume":"12","author":"Farooqui","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Clin. Exp. Hepatol."},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"175586","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2023.175586","article-title":"The role of VEGF in cancer-induced angiogenesis and research progress of drugs targeting VEGF","volume":"949","author":"Ghalehbandi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"408","DOI":"10.1556\/APhysiol.101.2014.4.2","article-title":"Streptozotocin-nicotinamide-induced rat model of type 2 diabetes (review)","volume":"101","author":"Ghasemi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Acta Physiol. Hung"},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S17","DOI":"10.3350\/cmh.2022.0367","article-title":"MAFLD: how is it different from NAFLD?","volume":"29","author":"Gofton","year":"2023","journal-title":"Clin. Mol. Hepatol."},{"key":"B30","first-page":"634","article-title":"Protective effect of astragaloside IV on immunological liver injury in rats","volume":"30","author":"Gong","year":"2014","journal-title":"Chin. J. Public Health"},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e39824","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0039824","article-title":"Astragaloside IV, a novel antioxidant, prevents glucose-induced podocyte apoptosis in vitro and in vivo","volume":"7","author":"Gui","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1216","DOI":"10.1016\/j.asjsur.2022.01.074","article-title":"Astragaloside IV-enhanced anti-hepatocarcinoma immunity of dendritic cells","volume":"45","author":"Guo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Asian J. Surg."},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"118080","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2024.118080","article-title":"Astragaloside IV ameliorates cisplatin-induced liver injury by modulating ferroptosis-dependent pathways","volume":"328","author":"Guo","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"633","DOI":"10.1038\/s41575-023-00807-x","article-title":"Hepatic inflammatory responses in liver fibrosis","volume":"20","author":"Hammerich","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"key":"B35","first-page":"4430","article-title":"Protective effect of astragaloside IV on oxidative damages of chang liver cell induced by ethanol and H2O2","volume":"39","author":"Han","year":"2014","journal-title":"China J. Chin. Mater Med."},{"key":"B36","first-page":"3787","article-title":"Astragaloside affects HepG-2 cell proliferation and apoptosis through Wnt\/\u03b2-catenin pathway","volume":"15","author":"He","year":"2020","journal-title":"World Chin. Med."},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"829","DOI":"10.1038\/ncb3184","article-title":"Proteostasis control by the unfolded protein response","volume":"17","author":"Hetz","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat. Cell Biol."},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addr.2017.05.007","article-title":"Hepatic stellate cells as key target in liver fibrosis","volume":"121","author":"Higashi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev."},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"802846","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.802846","article-title":"The research progress of antiangiogenic therapy, immune therapy and tumor microenvironment","volume":"13","author":"Hu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"B40","article-title":"Radioprotective effects and mechanism of astragaloside IV on the liver cell","author":"Hu","year":"2016"},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8974","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21238974","article-title":"Autophagy and autophagy-related diseases: a review","volume":"21","author":"Ichimiya","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-pathmechdis-051122-094016","article-title":"Acetaminophen hepatotoxicity: paradigm for understanding mechanisms of drug-induced liver injury","volume":"19","author":"Jaeschke","year":"2024","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Pathol."},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.13412\/j.cnki.zyyl.2015.06.008","article-title":"Astragaloside IV attenuates liver fibrosis in CCl4-induced mice","volume":"31","author":"Jiang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Clin. Chin. Materia Medica"},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1131","DOI":"10.3390\/cells8101131","article-title":"Inflammasome-mediated inflammation in liver ischemia-reperfusion injury","volume":"8","author":"Jim\u00e9nez-Castro","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1522","DOI":"10.1016\/s0140-6736(24)00204-6","article-title":"The EASL-Lancet Commission on liver health in Europe: prevention, case-finding, and early diagnosis to reduce liver-related mortality","volume":"403","author":"Karlsen","year":"2024","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"645","DOI":"10.3390\/biom12050645","article-title":"Hepatocellular carcinoma: the role of MicroRNAs","volume":"12","author":"Khare","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biomolecules"},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2014.05.024","article-title":"Protective effect of linarin against D-galactosamine and lipopolysaccharide-induced fulminant hepatic failure","volume":"738","author":"Kim","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1016\/s0140-6736(21)02726-4","article-title":"An urgent challenge for Europe: from tackling liver diseases to protecting liver health","volume":"399","author":"Kleinert","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-immunol-051116-052415","article-title":"Immune responses in the liver","volume":"36","author":"Kubes","year":"2018","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"112361","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msec.2021.112361","article-title":"Astragaloside IV- and nesfatin-1-encapsulated phosphatidylserine liposomes conjugated with wheat germ agglutinin and leptin to activate anti-apoptotic pathway and block phosphorylated tau protein expression for Parkinson\u2019s disease treatment","volume":"129","author":"Kuo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mater Sci. Eng. C Mater Biol. Appl."},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"294","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2018.12.003","article-title":"Fibrosis and alcohol-related liver disease","volume":"70","author":"Lackner","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Hepatol."},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3220","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.Can-18-4044","article-title":"LncRNA SNHG10 facilitates hepatocarcinogenesis and metastasis by modulating its homolog SCARNA13 via a positive feedback loop","volume":"79","author":"Lan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"927","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2018.06.008","article-title":"Endoplasmic reticulum stress signalling and the pathogenesis of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"69","author":"Lebeaupin","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Hepatol."},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.1038\/s41575-019-0158-2","article-title":"New insights into acute pancreatitis","volume":"16","author":"Lee","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"412","DOI":"10.1038\/nrgastro.2016.85","article-title":"The role of the gut microbiota in NAFLD","volume":"13","author":"Leung","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2076","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2023.02.005","article-title":"New treatment paradigms in primary biliary cholangitis","volume":"21","author":"Levy","year":"2023","journal-title":"Clin. Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2017.04.029","article-title":"Application of molecular imaging technology in evaluating the inhibiting effect of apigenin in vivo on subcutaneous hepatocellular carcinoma","volume":"487","author":"Li","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun."},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.3233\/cbm-220464","article-title":"Integrative analysis of histone acetyltransferase KAT2A in human cancer","volume":"38","author":"Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cancer Biomark."},{"key":"B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1186\/s12943-017-0681-0","article-title":"Long noncoding RNA MRCCAT1 promotes metastasis of clear cell renal cell carcinoma via inhibiting NPR3 and activating p38-MAPK signaling","volume":"16","author":"Li","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mol. Cancer"},{"key":"B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2032","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules23082032","article-title":"Astragaloside IV attenuates acetaminophen-induced liver injuries in mice by activating the Nrf2 signaling pathway","volume":"23","author":"Li","year":"2018","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"B61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1007\/s00210-021-02199-8","article-title":"Astragaloside IV suppresses migration and invasion of TGF-\u03b2(1)-induced human hepatoma HuH-7 cells by regulating Nrf2\/HO-1 and TGF-\u03b2(1)\/Smad3 pathways","volume":"395","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"Naunyn Schmiedeb. Arch. Pharmacol."},{"key":"B62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2013.02.027","article-title":"Astragaloside IV suppresses collagen production of activated hepatic stellate cells via oxidative stress-mediated p38 MAPK pathway","volume":"60","author":"Li","year":"2013","journal-title":"Free Radic. Biol. Med."},{"key":"B63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2017.12.108","article-title":"Astragaloside IV inhibits cell migration and viability of hepatocellular carcinoma cells via suppressing long noncoding RNA ATB","volume":"99","author":"Li","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biomed. Pharmacother."},{"key":"B64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"647","DOI":"10.2147\/dddt.S346546","article-title":"The astragaloside IV derivative LS-102 ameliorates obesity-related nephropathy","volume":"16","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"Drug Des. Devel Ther."},{"key":"B65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6118","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules28166118","article-title":"Pharmacological effects of astragaloside IV: a review","volume":"28","author":"Liang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"B66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"920","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2020.00920","article-title":"MicroRNAs modulate drug resistance-related mechanisms in hepatocellular carcinoma","volume":"10","author":"Liang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Oncol."},{"key":"B67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e37846","DOI":"10.1097\/md.0000000000037846","article-title":"Astragaloside-IV promotes autophagy via the Akt\/mTOR pathway to improve cellular lipid deposition","volume":"103","author":"Liu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Med. Baltim."},{"key":"B68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"502","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2009.01.035","article-title":"Protective effects of astragaloside IV on porcine-serum-induced hepatic fibrosis in rats and in vitro effects on hepatic stellate cells","volume":"122","author":"Liu","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"B69","article-title":"Effects of Astragaloside IV on the expression of Nrf2\/HO-1 and Bcl-2\/Bax of acute liver failure induced by D-GalN\/LPS in mice","author":"Liu","year":"2014"},{"key":"B70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"tkac011","DOI":"10.1093\/burnst\/tkac011","article-title":"Epithelial-mesenchymal transition in organ fibrosis development: current understanding and treatment strategies","volume":"10","author":"Liu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Burns Trauma"},{"key":"B71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1007\/112_2018_10","article-title":"Targeting oxidative stress for the treatment of liver fibrosis","volume":"175","author":"Luangmonkong","year":"2018","journal-title":"Rev. Physiol. Biochem. Pharmacol."},{"key":"B72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1002\/ptr.2915","article-title":"Effect of astragaloside IV on hepatic glucose-regulating enzymes in diabetic mice induced by a high-fat diet and streptozotocin","volume":"24","author":"Lv","year":"2010","journal-title":"Phytother. Res."},{"key":"B73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1515","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2023.03.019","article-title":"Overcoming drug resistance in cancer","volume":"186","author":"Madukwe","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"B74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1016\/j.taap.2015.11.016","article-title":"Experimental models of hepatotoxicity related to acute liver failure","volume":"290","author":"Maes","year":"2016","journal-title":"Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol."},{"key":"B75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1097\/mog.0000000000000525","article-title":"Obeticholic acid in primary biliary cholangitis: where we stand","volume":"35","author":"Manne","year":"2019","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"B76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2350","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22052350","article-title":"Treatments for NAFLD: state of art","volume":"22","author":"Mantovani","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"B77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101470","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinre.2020.05.018","article-title":"Cytochrome P450 2E1 should not be neglected for acetaminophen-induced liver injury in metabolic diseases with altered insulin levels or glucose homeostasis","volume":"45","author":"Massart","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin. Res. Hepatol. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"B78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"382","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2020.20317","article-title":"Acute pancreatitis: a review","volume":"325","author":"Mederos","year":"2021","journal-title":"Jama"},{"key":"B79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"472","DOI":"10.1111\/1541-4337.12335","article-title":"Natural products for prevention and treatment of chemical-induced liver injuries","volume":"17","author":"Meng","year":"2018","journal-title":"Compr. Rev. Food Sci. Food Saf."},{"key":"B80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"912","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.Ccr-18-1254","article-title":"The role of angiogenesis in hepatocellular carcinoma","volume":"25","author":"Morse","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin. Cancer Res."},{"key":"B81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1038\/d41573-020-00050-y","article-title":"Stemming the tide of drug resistance in cancer","volume":"19","author":"Mullard","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Drug Discov."},{"key":"B82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"154770","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2021.154770","article-title":"Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome and their association with vascular risk","volume":"119","author":"Muzurovi\u0107","year":"2021","journal-title":"Metabolism"},{"key":"B83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6777","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22136777","article-title":"Liver disease: induction, progression, immunological mechanisms, and therapeutic interventions","volume":"22","author":"Neshat","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"B84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"711","DOI":"10.1007\/s10157-024-02490-x","article-title":"An integrated view of cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity, hepatotoxicity, and cardiotoxicity: characteristics, common molecular mechanisms, and current clinical management","volume":"28","author":"Oliveira","year":"2024","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Nephrol."},{"key":"B85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tips.2019.01.001","article-title":"Intracellular lipopolysaccharide sensing as a potential therapeutic target for sepsis","volume":"40","author":"Pfalzgraff","year":"2019","journal-title":"Trends Pharmacol. Sci."},{"key":"B86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2014.10.012","article-title":"Leptin in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: a narrative review","volume":"64","author":"Polyzos","year":"2015","journal-title":"Metabolism"},{"key":"B87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"488","DOI":"10.1038\/ncb2976","article-title":"Oncogenic roles of EMT-inducing transcription factors","volume":"16","author":"Puisieux","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat. Cell Biol."},{"key":"B88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"725","DOI":"10.3892\/ijo_00000548","article-title":"Proteomic characterization of the cellular response to chemopreventive triterpenoid astragaloside IV in human hepatocellular carcinoma cell line HepG2","volume":"36","author":"Qi","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int. J. Oncol."},{"key":"B89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1725","DOI":"10.3892\/or.2017.5389","article-title":"Astragaloside IV inhibits metastasis in hepatoma cells through the suppression of epithelial-mesenchymal transition via the Akt\/GSK-3\u03b2\/\u03b2-catenin pathway","volume":"37","author":"Qin","year":"2017","journal-title":"Oncol. Rep."},{"key":"B90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e202402234","DOI":"10.1002\/cbdv.202402234","article-title":"Anti-inflammatory effects of astragaloside IV-chitosan nanoparticles and associated anti-inflammatory mechanisms based on liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry metabolomic analysis of RAW264.7 cells","author":"Qu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Chem. Biodivers."},{"key":"B91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.2131\/jts.44.167","article-title":"Astragaloside IV protects against cisplatin-induced liver and kidney injury via autophagy-mediated inhibition of NLRP3 in rats","volume":"44","author":"Qu","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Toxicol. Sci."},{"key":"B92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105325","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2020.105325","article-title":"Astragaloside IV enhances cisplatin chemosensitivity in hepatocellular carcinoma by suppressing MRP2","volume":"148","author":"Qu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharm. Sci."},{"key":"B93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0030-1255356","article-title":"Iron homeostasis, hepatocellular injury, and fibrogenesis in hemochromatosis: the role of inflammation in a noninflammatory liver disease","volume":"30","author":"Ramm","year":"2010","journal-title":"Semin. Liver Dis."},{"key":"B94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1279","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox9121279","article-title":"Molecular mechanisms that link oxidative stress, inflammation, and fibrosis in the liver","volume":"9","author":"Ramos-Tovar","year":"2020","journal-title":"Antioxidants (Basel)"},{"key":"B95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.1038\/s41590-019-0368-3","article-title":"Innate immunity to intracellular LPS","volume":"20","author":"Rathinam","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Immunol."},{"key":"B96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e478s","DOI":"10.6061\/clinics\/2018\/e478s","article-title":"DNA repair pathways and cisplatin resistance: an intimate relationship","volume":"73","author":"Rocha","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin. (Sao Paulo)"},{"key":"B97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1423843","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2024.1423843","article-title":"Evidence of innate training in bovine \u03b3\u03b4 T cells following subcutaneous BCG administration","volume":"15","author":"Samuel","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"B98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1177\/0023677215571192","article-title":"The carbon tetrachloride model in mice","volume":"49","author":"Scholten","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lab. Anim."},{"key":"B99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"934","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2021.11.009","article-title":"A new perspective on NAFLD: focusing on lipid droplets","volume":"76","author":"Scorletti","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Hepatol."},{"key":"B100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"155683","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2024.155683","article-title":"The role of macrophage-derived Exosomes in reversing peritoneal fibrosis: insights from Astragaloside IV","volume":"129","author":"Shan","year":"2024","journal-title":"Phytomedicine"},{"key":"B101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23188","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M116.732743","article-title":"Targeting liver fibrosis with a cell-penetrating protease-activated receptor-2 (PAR2) pepducin","volume":"291","author":"Shearer","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"B102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1007\/s11912-022-01199-y","article-title":"Targeting apoptosis in cancer","volume":"24","author":"Singh","year":"2022","journal-title":"Curr. Oncol. Rep."},{"key":"B103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"482","DOI":"10.1097\/hep.0000000000000012","article-title":"Organelle stress and alterations in interorganelle crosstalk during liver fibrosis","volume":"79","author":"Sinha","year":"2024","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"B104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"631","DOI":"10.21873\/invivo.11817","article-title":"Astragaloside IV induces apoptosis, G(1)-phase arrest and inhibits anti-apoptotic signaling in hepatocellular carcinoma","volume":"34","author":"Su","year":"2020","journal-title":"Vivo"},{"key":"B105","first-page":"2453","article-title":"Astragaloside IV inhibits liver fibrosis by acting on CXCL12\/CXCR4 signal axis and TXNIP\/NLRP3 inflammasome pathway","volume":"54","author":"Su","year":"2023","journal-title":"Chin. Tradit. Herb. Drugs"},{"key":"B106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1038\/nrgastro.2015.94","article-title":"Inflammasome activation and function in liver disease","volume":"12","author":"Szabo","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"key":"B107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1251","DOI":"10.1007\/s40265-022-01766-4","article-title":"Acute pancreatitis: diagnosis and treatment","volume":"82","author":"Szatmary","year":"2022","journal-title":"Drugs"},{"key":"B108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1007\/s11604-018-0728-1","article-title":"Pathology and images of radiation-induced hepatitis: a review article","volume":"36","author":"Takamatsu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Jpn. J. Radiol."},{"key":"B109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2925","DOI":"10.1007\/s00204-020-02780-9","article-title":"Autophagy: a promising process for the treatment of acetaminophen-induced liver injury","volume":"94","author":"Tan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Arch. Toxicol."},{"key":"B110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"988668","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.988668","article-title":"Upregulation of microRNA-125b-5p alleviates acute liver failure by regulating the Keap1\/Nrf2\/HO-1 pathway","volume":"13","author":"Tao","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"B111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"895","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2024.06.016","article-title":"Inflammasomes in chronic liver disease: hepatic injury, fibrosis progression and systemic inflammation","volume":"81","author":"Taru","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Hepatol."},{"key":"B112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1007\/s13105-021-00860-7","article-title":"The role of protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its complications","volume":"78","author":"Teimouri","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Physiol. Biochem."},{"key":"B113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1038\/nrgastro.2016.185","article-title":"Autophagy in the liver: functions in health and disease","volume":"14","author":"Ueno","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"key":"B114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1515\/reveh-2020-0048","article-title":"Toxicity of carbon tetrachloride, free radicals and role of antioxidants","volume":"36","author":"Unsal","year":"2020","journal-title":"Rev. Environ. Health"},{"key":"B115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1007\/s00296-018-4189-8","article-title":"Cyclophosphamide-induced severe acute hepatitis in a rheumatic disease: case-based review","volume":"39","author":"\u00dcsk\u00fcdar Cansu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Rheumatol. Int."},{"key":"B116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1345","DOI":"10.1016\/s0140-6736(22)01200-4","article-title":"Hepatocellular carcinoma","volume":"400","author":"Vogel","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"B117","first-page":"1","article-title":"Effect of astragalus saponin on oxidative damage in rats with hepatic stellate cells","volume":"30","author":"Wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Med. Pharm. J. Chin. People\u2019s Lib. Army"},{"key":"B118","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2761","DOI":"10.3892\/mmr.2017.6924","article-title":"Astragaloside IV downregulates the expression of MDR1 in Bel-7402\/FU human hepatic cancer cells by inhibiting the JNK\/c-Jun\/AP-1 signaling pathway","volume":"16","author":"Wang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mol. Med. Rep."},{"key":"B119","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2131","DOI":"10.3892\/mmr.2014.2074","article-title":"Astragaloside \u2163 reduces the expression level of P-glycoprotein in multidrug-resistant human hepatic cancer cell lines","volume":"9","author":"Wang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Mol. Med. Rep."},{"key":"B120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1342641","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2024.1342641","article-title":"The regulation and potential role of interleukin-32 in tuberculous pleural effusion","volume":"15","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"B121","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1156","DOI":"10.1159\/000464122","article-title":"Astragaloside alleviates hepatic fibrosis function via PAR2 signaling pathway in diabetic rats","volume":"41","author":"Wang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cell Physiol. Biochem."},{"key":"B122","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1080\/713611034","article-title":"Hepatotoxicity and mechanism of action of haloalkanes: carbon tetrachloride as a toxicological model","volume":"33","author":"Weber","year":"2003","journal-title":"Crit. Rev. Toxicol."},{"key":"B123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103910","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2024.103910","article-title":"NAFLD and NASH: etiology, targets and emerging therapies","volume":"29","author":"Wei","year":"2024","journal-title":"Drug Discov. Today"},{"key":"B124","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0029-1214370","article-title":"Oxidative stress and alcoholic liver disease","volume":"29","author":"Wu","year":"2009","journal-title":"Semin. Liver Dis."},{"key":"B125","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"30190","DOI":"10.1038\/srep30190","article-title":"Astragaloside IV improves lipid metabolism in obese mice by alleviation of leptin resistance and regulation of thermogenic network","volume":"6","author":"Wu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"B126","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1650","DOI":"10.1159\/000489241","article-title":"Current mechanistic concepts in ischemia and reperfusion injury","volume":"46","author":"Wu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell Physiol. Biochem."},{"key":"B127","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2216942","DOI":"10.1080\/07853890.2023.2216942","article-title":"Astragaloside IV ameliorate acute alcohol-induced liver injury in mice via modulating gut microbiota and regulating NLRP3\/caspase-1 signaling pathway","volume":"55","author":"Wu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ann. Med."},{"key":"B128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"987882","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2022.987882","article-title":"Elucidation of the binding mechanism of astragaloside IV derivative with human serum albumin and its cardiotoxicity in zebrafish embryos","volume":"13","author":"Wu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Pharmacol."},{"key":"B129","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1065505","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2023.1065505","article-title":"Astragaloside IV, as a potential anticancer agent","volume":"14","author":"Xia","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Pharmacol."},{"key":"B130","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3103946","DOI":"10.1155\/2019\/3103946","article-title":"Protective effect of astragaloside IV on hepatic injury induced by iron overload","volume":"2019","author":"Xie","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biomed. Res. Int."},{"key":"B131","first-page":"808","article-title":"Protective effects of astragaloside in rats with CCl4-induced liver injuries","volume":"22","author":"Xu","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Pract. Hepatol."},{"key":"B132","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1105","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2013.05.004","article-title":"Pharmacokinetics and tolerance of toal astragalosides after intravenous infusion of astragalosides injection in healthy Chinese volunteers","volume":"20","author":"Xu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Phytomedicine"},{"key":"B133","unstructured":"Protective effects of astragaloside IV on liver injury in diabetes mellitus rats and its mechanism\n          \n          \n            \n              Xu\n              Y.\n            \n          \n          \n          2017"},{"key":"B134","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.1007\/s00253-019-10257-8","article-title":"Targeting PI3K\/AKT\/mTOR-mediated autophagy for tumor therapy","volume":"104","author":"Xu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol."},{"key":"B135","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.1177\/1091581810376840","article-title":"Effect of astragaloside IV on the general and peripartum reproductive toxicity in Sprague-Dawley rats","volume":"29","author":"Xuying","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int. J. Toxicol."},{"key":"B136","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.1016\/j.redox.2018.04.019","article-title":"Mechanisms of acetaminophen-induced liver injury and its implications for therapeutic interventions","volume":"17","author":"Yan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Redox Biol."},{"key":"B137","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2019.11.017","article-title":"Herbal drug discovery for the treatment of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"10","author":"Yan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Acta Pharm. Sin. B"},{"key":"B138","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"114798","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2022.114798","article-title":"Targeting PGAM1 in cancer: an emerging therapeutic opportunity","volume":"244","author":"Yang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur. J. Med. Chem."},{"key":"B139","article-title":"Effect of Nrf2\u2212\/\u2212 on the mechanism of astragaloside IV anti-hepatic fibrosis via pSmad3C\/3L","author":"Yang","year":"2022"},{"key":"B140","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"452","DOI":"10.1080\/08982104.2023.2293844","article-title":"Astragaloside IV-induced BMSC exosomes promote neovascularization and protect cardiac function in myocardial infarction mice via the miR-411\/HIF-1\u03b1 axis","volume":"34","author":"Yang","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Liposome Res."},{"key":"B141","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.19852\/j.cnki.jtcm.2023.01.008","article-title":"Astragaloside IV plays a role in reducing radiation-induced liver inflammation in mice by inhibiting thioredoxin-interacting protein\/nod-like receptor protein 3 signaling pathway","volume":"43","author":"Yanping","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Tradit. Chin. Med."},{"key":"B142","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1038\/s41421-020-0141-7","article-title":"Lysosome biology in autophagy","volume":"6","author":"Yim","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell Discov."},{"key":"B143","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.4103\/sjg.SJG_297_17","article-title":"Involvement of epithelial-mesenchymal transition in liver fibrosis","volume":"24","author":"Yu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Saudi J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"B144","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"820","DOI":"10.1038\/ncb3538","article-title":"The MBNL3 splicing factor promotes hepatocellular carcinoma by increasing PXN expression through the alternative splicing of lncRNA-PXN-AS1","volume":"19","author":"Yuan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. Cell Biol."},{"key":"B145","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"666","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccr.2014.03.010","article-title":"A long noncoding RNA activated by TGF-\u03b2 promotes the invasion-metastasis cascade in hepatocellular carcinoma","volume":"25","author":"Yuan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cancer Cell"},{"key":"B146","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.1007\/s12029-017-9962-5","article-title":"Angiogenesis, invasion, and metastasis characteristics of hepatocellular carcinoma","volume":"48","author":"Y\u00fcksel","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Gastrointest. Cancer"},{"key":"B147","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.3390\/ani9020063","article-title":"Avian liver: the forgotten organ","volume":"9","author":"Zaefarian","year":"2019","journal-title":"Anim. (Basel)"},{"key":"B148","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"154444","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2022.154444","article-title":"Astragaloside IV ameliorates diet-induced hepatic steatosis in obese mice by inhibiting intestinal FXR via intestinal flora remodeling","volume":"107","author":"Zhai","year":"2022","journal-title":"Phytomedicine"},{"key":"B149","article-title":"Astragaloside IV regulates pSmad3C\/3L against hepatic fibrosis in mice","author":"Zhang","year":"2021"},{"key":"B150","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"114350","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2021.114350","article-title":"Astragaloside IV inhibits hepatocellular carcinoma by continually suppressing the development of fibrosis and regulating pSmad3C\/3L and Nrf2\/HO-1 pathways","volume":"279","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"B151","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12572","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms232012572","article-title":"The molecular mechanisms of liver fibrosis and its potential therapy in application","volume":"23","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"B152","first-page":"984","article-title":"Astragaloside IV inhibits JAK2\/STAT3 signaling pathway and alleviates severe acute pancreatitis-associated acute liver injury in rats","volume":"32","author":"Zhang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Chin. J. Pathophysiol."},{"key":"B153","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1016\/bs.apha.2019.08.002","article-title":"Astragaloside IV derived from Astragalus membranaceus: a research review on the pharmacological effects","volume":"87","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Adv. Pharmacol."},{"key":"B154","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.21873\/anticanres.11338","article-title":"Synergistic inhibitory effect of traditional Chinese medicine astragaloside IV and curcumin on tumor growth and angiogenesis in an orthotopic nude-mouse model of human hepatocellular carcinoma","volume":"37","author":"Zhang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Anticancer Res."},{"key":"B155","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"274314","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/274314","article-title":"Astragaloside IV inhibits NF- \u03ba B activation and inflammatory gene expression in LPS-treated mice","volume":"2015","author":"Zhang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mediat. Inflamm."},{"key":"B156","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"153900","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tox.2024.153900","article-title":"Insights gained into the injury mechanism of drug and herb induced liver injury in the hepatic microenvironment","volume":"507","author":"Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Toxicology"},{"key":"B157","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"873048","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2022.873048","article-title":"Comparison of gut microbiota in male MAFLD patients with varying liver stiffness","volume":"12","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Cell Infect. Microbiol."},{"key":"B158","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"123351","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2023.123351","article-title":"Nose to brain delivery of Astragaloside IV by \u03b2-Asarone modified chitosan nanoparticles for multiple sclerosis therapy","volume":"644","author":"Zhao","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. J. Pharm."},{"key":"B159","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"998","DOI":"10.1038\/aps.2016.175","article-title":"Astragaloside IV attenuates free fatty acid-induced ER stress and lipid accumulation in hepatocytes via AMPK activation","volume":"38","author":"Zhou","year":"2017","journal-title":"Acta Pharmacol. Sin."},{"key":"B160","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113556","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2020.113556","article-title":"Astragaloside IV inhibits protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B and improves insulin resistance in insulin-resistant HepG2 cells and triglyceride accumulation in oleic acid (OA)-treated HepG2 cells","volume":"268","author":"Zhou","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"B161","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"506","DOI":"10.1080\/15384101.2022.2131163","article-title":"Radiation-induced liver disease: beyond DNA damage","volume":"22","author":"Zhou","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cell Cycle"},{"key":"B162","article-title":"Exploring the effect and mechanism of astragaloside IV on hepatocellular carcinoma based on bioinformatics analysis and experimental study","author":"Zhou","year":"2022"},{"key":"B163","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"682","DOI":"10.1186\/s12885-024-12438-9","article-title":"Astragaloside IV inhibits cell viability and glycolysis of hepatocellular carcinoma by regulating KAT2A-mediated succinylation of PGAM1","volume":"24","author":"Zhu","year":"2024","journal-title":"BMC Cancer"},{"key":"B164","article-title":"Astragaloside IV may promote autophagy through AMPK\/mTOR signaling pathway to improve liver injury in type 2 diabetic rats","author":"Zhu","year":"2021"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Pharmacology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fphar.2025.1574154\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,23]],"date-time":"2025-04-23T05:22:14Z","timestamp":1745385734000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fphar.2025.1574154\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,23]]},"references-count":164,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fphar.2025.1574154"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fphar.2025.1574154","relation":{},"ISSN":["1663-9812"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1663-9812","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,23]]},"article-number":"1574154"}}