{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]],"date-time":"2026-07-08T18:06:26Z","timestamp":1783533986498,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":174,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,24]],"date-time":"2025-06-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1750723200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Pharmacol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Unstable angina pectoris (UAP) is a cardiovascular disease with high morbidity and can cause serious cardiovascular complications. Oral preparations of single-source traditional Chinese medicines (SSTCM-OPs) are increasingly used as adjuncts to conventional treatments (CT) for UAP, providing complementary therapeutic advantages with favorable safety profiles. However, the comparative efficacy and safety of these SSTCM-OPs remain unclear. This network meta-analysis (NMA) evaluates the efficacy and safety of 11 approved SSTCM-OPs to guide clinical practice in UAP treatment.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A comprehensive literature search was conducted across eight databases: China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), China Science and Technology Journal Database (VIP), Wanfang Database, China Biomedical Literature Database (CBM), Web of Science, PubMed, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library. Only randomized controlled trials (RCTs) examining SSTCM-OPs combined with CT for UAP were included. The search covered publications up to 4 December 2024. Quality assessment was performed using RevMan 5.4.1, and certainty of evidence was evaluated with GRADEpro software 3.6.1. A frequentist random-effects model was employed for NMA. Statistical analysis was performed using Stata 18.0.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 72 RCTs involving 11 SSTCM-OPs and 7,360 patients were included. The NMA results demonstrated that Maixuekang oral preparation combined with CT and Xinyue oral preparation combined with CT showed superiority in terms of angina efficacy; Xindakang oral preparation combined with CT and Yinxingtongzhi oral preparation combined with CT showed superiority in terms of Electrocardiogram (ECG) efficacy and had an advantage in reducing nitroglycerin dosages; Xindakang oral preparation combined with CT and Yinxingtongzhi oral preparation combined with CT showed superiority in reducing nitroglycerin dosages; Zhenyuan oral preparation combined with CT and Diaoxinxuekang oral preparation combined with CT showed superiority in reducing frequency of angina; Xinnaoshutong oral preparation combined with CT and Yinxingtongzhi oral preparation combined with CT showed superiority in reducing duration of angina; Xuezhikang oral preparation combined with CT showed superiority in improving TC, LDL-C, and HDL-C levels as well as reducing the occurrence of MACEs; Yinxingtongzhi oral preparation combined with CT showed superiority in improving TG and PV levels; Lastly, Xuesaitong oral preparation combined with CT and Yinxingye oral preparation showed superiority in reducing hs-CRP levels.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>All 11 SSTCM-OPs combined with CT showed advantages over CT alone in treating UAP. Notably, Xinnaoshutong + CT did not significantly reduce angina frequency, but it was effective in other outcomes. These findings suggest incorporating traditional Chinese medicine into standardized treatment regimens may enhance UAP management.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Systematic Review Registration<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:ext-link>https:\/\/www.crd.york.ac.uk\/PROSPERO\/<\/jats:ext-link>, identifier CRD42024618094.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2025.1582661","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,24]],"date-time":"2025-06-24T13:53:11Z","timestamp":1750773191000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Efficacy and safety of 11 oral preparations of single-source traditional Chinese medicines in the treatment of unstable angina pectoris: a systematic review and network meta-analysis"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Xiuchong","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaohui","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xing","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xin","family":"Xin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ran","family":"Sheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Te","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Junming","family":"Kan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yongsheng","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0000000000000134","article-title":"2014 AHA\/ACC guideline for the management of patients with non-ST-elevation acute coronary syndromes: a report of the American College of Cardiology\/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines","volume":"130","author":"Amsterdam","year":"2014","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ehj.2003.12.017","article-title":"C-reactive protein elevation and disease activity in patients with coronary artery disease","volume":"25","author":"Arroyo-Espliguero","year":"2004","journal-title":"Eur. Heart. J."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"904","DOI":"10.19945\/j.cnki.issn.1006-3250.2013.08.024","article-title":"Regulation of Ginkgo biloba extract on hemorheological parameters and immune function in acute blood stasis rats","volume":"19","author":"Bao","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Basic. Chin. Med."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3993","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules28103993","article-title":"The potential of Ginkgo biloba as a source of biologically active compounds-A review of the recent literature and patents","volume":"28","author":"Biernacka","year":"2023","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2452","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.113.001258","article-title":"Unstable angina: is it time for a requiem?","volume":"127","author":"Braunwald","year":"2013","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa012295","article-title":"Widespread coronary inflammation in unstable angina","volume":"347","author":"Buffon","year":"2002","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.11665\/j.issn.1000-5048.20180409","article-title":"Rapid identification of constituents from different Ginkgo biloba preparations by high resolution mass spectrometry and metabolomics technology","volume":"49","author":"Cao","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. China. Pharm. Univ."},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"914","DOI":"10.3969\/j.issn.1672-1349.2015.07.018","article-title":"Efficacy of Xuezhikang capsule and Atorvastatin on blood lipids in patients with unstable angina pectoris","volume":"13","author":"Chen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Chin. J. Integr. Med. Cardio\/Cerebrovasc. Dis."},{"key":"B9","first-page":"961","article-title":"Effect of Ginkgo biloba extract (GBE50) on the metabolism of triglyceride in HepG2 cells","volume":"26","author":"Chen","year":"2010","journal-title":"Chin. Pharmacol. Bull."},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1007\/s11655-021-3289-6","article-title":"Chinese expert consensus on clinical application of oral Ginkgo biloba preparations (2020)","volume":"27","year":"2020","journal-title":"Chin. J. Integr. Med."},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.16659\/j.cnki.1672-5654.2012.07.079","article-title":"Clinical observation on Ginkgo Leaf drop pills in the treatment of 85 cases of unstable angina pectoris of coronary heart disease","volume":"9","author":"Chen","year":"2012","journal-title":"Chin. Health. Ind."},{"key":"B12","first-page":"16","article-title":"Effect of Maixuekang capsule combined with Aspirin on vasoactive substances and inflammatory factors in patients with unstable angina pectoris of coronary heart disease","volume":"42","author":"Chen","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Med. Forum."},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.3969\/j.issn.1674-7860.2021.05.012","article-title":"The effects of the Maixuekang capsule plus trimetazidine on electrocardiogram and hemorheology in patients with unstable angina pectoris","volume":"13","author":"Chen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin. J. Chin. Med."},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1477636","DOI":"10.3389\/fcvm.2024.1477636","article-title":"Research progress of sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L.) in prevention and treatment of cardiovascular disease","volume":"11","author":"Chen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Cardiovasc. Med."},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2263","DOI":"10.1016\/s0024-3205(03)00114-0","article-title":"Inhibitory effects of total flavones of Hippophae Rhamnoides L on thrombosis in mouse femoral artery and in vitro platelet aggregation","volume":"72","author":"Cheng","year":"2003","journal-title":"Life. Sci."},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"615","DOI":"10.3760\/cma.j.cn112148-20240107-00014","article-title":"Guidelines for the management of non-ST elevation acute coronary syndromes (2024)","volume":"52","year":"2024","journal-title":"Chin. J. Cardiovasc. Med."},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1109","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1745-7254.2008.00869.x","article-title":"Botanical characteristics, pharmacological effects and medicinal components of Korean Panax ginseng C A Meyer","volume":"29","author":"Choi","year":"2008","journal-title":"Acta. Pharmacol. Sin."},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1289","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehaa575","article-title":"2020 ESC Guidelines for the management of acute coronary syndromes in patients presenting without persistent ST-segment elevation","volume":"42","author":"Collet","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur. Heart. J."},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.3969\/j.1674-4055.2014.02.26","article-title":"Curative effect and safety of Xuezhikang capsule in patients with unstable angina pectoris complicating elevated liver enzymes","volume":"6","author":"Cui","year":"2014","journal-title":"Chin. J. Evid. BASED. Cardiovasc. Med."},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.6515\/acs20140721b","article-title":"A novel medical treatment for lipid control in patients with unstable angina pectoris and statin-induced liver dysfunction","volume":"31","author":"Cui","year":"2015","journal-title":"Acta. Cardiol. Sin."},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.7619\/jcmp.201623016","article-title":"Influence of Xuezhikang on blood lipids, inflammatory factors and carotid atherosclerotic plaques in patients with unstable angina","volume":"20","author":"Cui","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Clin. Med. Pract."},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1366285","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2024.1366285","article-title":"Recent advances of traditional Chinese medicine against cardiovascular disease: overview and potential mechanisms","volume":"30","author":"Dai","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front. Endocrinol. (Lausanne)."},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.13429\/j.cnki.cjcr.2015.03.015","article-title":"Clinical study on unstable angina pectoris in the elderly with elevated transaminase induced by statins","volume":"28","author":"Dai","year":"2015","journal-title":"Chin. J. Clin. Res."},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.19378\/j.issn.1003-9783.1999.04.003","article-title":"Effect of Xuezhikang capsule on dyslipidemia in patients with unstable angina pectoris","volume":"10","author":"Dai","year":"1999","journal-title":"Tradit. Chin. Drug. Res. Clin. Pharm."},{"key":"B25","unstructured":"Criteria for the diagnosis and treatment of cardiac paralysis\n          \n          66\n          Chin. J. Clin. Pharmacol.\n          23\n          2008"},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1186\/s13020-024-00894-1","article-title":"Integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine in the prevention and treatment of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: future directions and strategies","volume":"19","author":"Ding","year":"2024","journal-title":"Chin. Med."},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3846","DOI":"10.11842\/wst.20200811016","article-title":"Clinical study of Xuesetong soft capsules intervening in the lncR CTB114C7.4-miR3656-BCL2A1 regulatory network in patients with coronary heart disease and blood stasis syndrome","volume":"22","author":"Dong","year":"2020","journal-title":"World. Sci. Technol. Mod. Tradit. Chin. Med. Mater. Medica."},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.3969\/j.issn.16721349.2015.02.037","article-title":"Observation on the therapeutic effect of Ginkgo biloba ester drop pills in the treatment of 60 cases of unstable angina pectoris","volume":"13","author":"Dong","year":"2015","journal-title":"Chin. J. Integr. Med. Cardio\/Cerebrovasc. Dis."},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1441","DOI":"10.3969\/j.issn.1000-744X.2018.12.015","article-title":"Effect of Ginkgo biloba tablets combined with western medicine in the treatment of unstable angina and its effect on vascular endothelial function","volume":"42","author":"Du","year":"2018","journal-title":"Guizhou Med. J."},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"829416","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2022.829416","article-title":"Panax notoginseng saponins alleviate coronary artery disease through hypermethylation of the miR-194-MAPK pathway","volume":"16","author":"Duan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Pharmacol."},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"328","DOI":"10.13935\/j.cnki.sjzx.230220","article-title":"Effect of Xuesaitong soft capsules on vascular endothelial function and inflammatory factors in patients with unstable angina pectoris","volume":"18","author":"Fan","year":"2023","journal-title":"World. J. Integr. Tradit. West. Med."},{"key":"B32","first-page":"37","article-title":"Anticoagulant and antithrombotic effects of hirudin","volume":"11","author":"Fan","year":"1992","journal-title":"J. Cardiovasc. Pulm. Dis."},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"320","DOI":"10.3969\/j.issn.1005-7072.2009.04.037","article-title":"32 cases of elderly unstable angina pectoris treated with Xuesetong soft capsule","volume":"16","author":"Feng","year":"2009","journal-title":"Chin. J. Tradit. Med. Sci. Tech."},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1141","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2018.06.046","article-title":"Impact of lipids on cardiovascular health: JACC health promotion series","volume":"72","author":"Ference","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Cardiol."},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1038\/nrcardio.2017.131","article-title":"Expert consensus document: a \u2018diamond\u2019 approach to personalized treatment of angina","volume":"15","author":"Ferrari","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Cardiol."},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1365639","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2024.1365639","article-title":"Mechanism and therapeutic potential of traditional Chinese medicine extracts in sepsis","volume":"3","author":"Fu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front. Pharmacol."},{"key":"B37","first-page":"1","article-title":"Influence of Maixuekang Capsules on lipid metabolism and expression of adhesion molecule in hyperlipidemia rats","volume":"35","author":"Gao","year":"2013","journal-title":"Chin. Tradit. Pat. Med."},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1172","DOI":"10.3969\/j.issn.1672-1349.2010.10.012","article-title":"50 cases of unstable angina pectoris due to coronary heart disease treated with Maixuekang capsule","volume":"8","author":"Gao","year":"2010","journal-title":"Chin. J. Integr. Med. Cardio\/Cerebrovasc. Dis."},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.11653\/syfj2013120291","article-title":"Observation on the efficacy of Ginkgo Leaf dripping pill in auxiliary treatment of unstable angina pectoris and the influence on P-selectin","volume":"19","author":"Gao","year":"2013","journal-title":"Chin. J. Exp. Tradit. Med. Formulae."},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1223","DOI":"10.3969\/j.issn.1002-2619.2010.08.059","article-title":"Observation on the therapeutic effect of Xuesetong soft capsules in treating 96 cases of unstable angina pectoris","volume":"32","author":"Ge","year":"2010","journal-title":"Hebei. J. Tradit. Chin. Med."},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1450","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1742-4658.2009.06886.x","article-title":"Transcriptome profiling analysis reveals multiple modulatory effects of Ginkgo biloba extract in the liver of rats on a high-fat diet","volume":"276","author":"Gu","year":"2009","journal-title":"FEBS. J."},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1210","DOI":"10.3969\/j.issn.1673-8225.2011.07.015","article-title":"Effect of natural and recombinant hirudin on vascular endothelial cell growth factor in random skin flap congestion models","volume":"15","author":"Guo","year":"2011","journal-title":"Chin. J. Tissue. Eng. Res."},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.3321\/j.issn:1003-5370.2006.06.016","article-title":"Effect of Xinnao Shutong capsule on cardiac muscle cell apoptosis and protein expressions of Bcl-2 and Bax in hyperlipidemia rats after myocardial infarction","volume":"26","author":"Guo","year":"2006","journal-title":"Chin. J. Integr. Tradit. West. Med."},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1111\/joim.12406","article-title":"Inflammation and plaque vulnerability","volume":"278","author":"Hansson","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Intern. Med."},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2952","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2017.04.041","article-title":"Traditional Chinese medicine for cardiovascular disease: evidence and potential mechanisms","volume":"69","author":"Hao","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Cardiol."},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.3969\/j.issn.1001-8131.2022.01.057","article-title":"Effects of Maixuekang capsule combined with Nicorandil on vasoactive substances and cytokines in patients with unstable angina","volume":"42","author":"Hao","year":"2022","journal-title":"Harbin. Med. J."},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.3969\/j.issn.1674-7860.2014.16.023","article-title":"Clinical observation on treating chest pain with Yinxingye Diwan","volume":"6","author":"He","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin. J. Chin. Med."},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"d5928","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.d5928","article-title":"The Cochrane Collaboration\u2019s tool for assessing risk of bias in randomised trials","volume":"343","author":"Higgins","year":"2011","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.11653\/syfj2014060157","article-title":"Influence of Maixuekang capsule on lipid metabolism and expression of lectin like oxidized low density lipoprotein receptor-1 in early atherosclerosis rats","volume":"20","author":"Hu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Chin. J. Exp. Tradit. Med. Formulae."},{"key":"B50","first-page":"96","article-title":"Therapeutic effect of Xuesaitong soft capsules combined conventional western medicine drug on unstable angina pectoris","volume":"2","author":"Huang","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Chin. Foreign. Med. Pharm. Res."},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"294","DOI":"10.16485\/j.issn.2095-7858.2016.03.013","article-title":"Effect of Ginkgo biloba extract on clinical symptoms and serum hs-CRP in patients with unstable angina pectoris","volume":"14","author":"Huang","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Bethune. Milit. Med. Coll."},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.3969\/j.issn.1674-4985.2022.17.006","article-title":"Effect of Xindakang capsules combined with Nicorandil in the treatment of unstable angina pectoris","volume":"19","author":"Huang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Med. Innov. Chin."},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.3969\/j.issn.2095-0616.2018.16.047","article-title":"Effect of Xindakang combined with atorvastatin on unstable angina pectoris of coronary heart disease and it\u2019s influence on serum NO, ET-1 and VEGF","volume":"8","author":"Huang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Chin. Med. Pharm."},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"777","DOI":"10.7326\/m14-2385","article-title":"The PRISMA extension statement for reporting of systematic reviews incorporating network meta-analyses of health care interventions: checklist and explanations","volume":"162","author":"Hutton","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ann. Intern. Med."},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.14009\/j.issn.1672-2124.2023.01.026","article-title":"Progress of origin and clinical application of ginseng","volume":"23","author":"Jia","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eval. Anal. Drug-Use Hosp. Chin."},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.3969\/j.issn.1008-5971.2014.02.021","article-title":"Observation on the therapeutic effect of Ginkgo Leaf drop pills in the treatment of unstable angina pectoris","volume":"22","author":"Jia","year":"2014","journal-title":"Pract. J. Card. Cereb. Pneumal. Vasc. Dis."},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.3969\/j.issn.1005-5304.2017.11.009","article-title":"Effects of GBE50 on Hemodynamics and TNF-\u03b1 pathway in myocardial tissue of rats with acute blood stasis syndrome","volume":"24","author":"Jiang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Chin. J. Inf. Tradit. Chin. Med."},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e225","DOI":"10.1016\/s0828-282x(09)70506-9","article-title":"Assessment of activity status and survival according to the Canadian Cardiovascular Society angina classification","volume":"25","author":"Kaul","year":"2009","journal-title":"Can. J. Cardiol."},{"key":"B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1000094","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1000094","article-title":"The GRADE system for rating clinical guidelines","volume":"6","author":"Kavanagh","year":"2009","journal-title":"PLoS Med."},{"key":"B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.5142\/jgr.2012.36.1.1","article-title":"Chemical diversity of Panax ginseng, Panax quinquifolium, and Panax notoginseng","volume":"36","author":"Kim","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Ginseng. Res."},{"key":"B61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2021.01.012","article-title":"Residual inflammatory risk at 12 months after acute coronary syndromes is frequent and associated with combined adverse events","volume":"320","author":"Klingenberg","year":"2021","journal-title":"Atherosclerosis"},{"key":"B62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.3969\/j.issn.1671-301X.2011.06.019","article-title":"Effect of Xuesetong soft capsule on unstable angina pectoris and its effect on QT dispersion of electrocardiogram","volume":"16","author":"Kuang","year":"2011","journal-title":"Lingnan. J. Emerg. Med."},{"key":"B63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.13699\/j.cnki.1001-6821.2021.03.024","article-title":"Comparison of the efficacy and safety of Xuezhikang and simvastatin in the treatment of primary hyperlipidemia in Chinese adults","volume":"37","author":"Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"Chin. J. Clin. Pharmacol."},{"key":"B64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.16040\/j.cnki.cn15-1101.2014.34.011","article-title":"Observation on the therapeutic effect of Maixuekang capsule in treating 80 cases of unstable angina pectoris","volume":"33","author":"Li","year":"2014","journal-title":"Inn. Mong. J. Tradit. Chin. Med."},{"key":"B65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.12336\/biomatertransl.2024.04.006","article-title":"Cardiac organ chip: advances in construction and application","volume":"5","author":"Li","year":"2024","journal-title":"Biomater. Transl."},{"key":"B66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.13412\/j.cnki.zyyl.2013.04.007","article-title":"Effect of Ginkgo biloba extract 50 on ventricular remodeling in rats with pressure overloaded","volume":"29","author":"Li","year":"2013","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Clin. Chin. Mater. Med."},{"key":"B67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.3969\/j.issn.1671-301X.2003.04.009","article-title":"Clinical study on Xindakang and Nifedipine for treating unstable angina pectoris","volume":"8","author":"Li","year":"2003","journal-title":"Lingnan. J. Emerg. Med"},{"key":"B68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"360","DOI":"10.7501\/j.issn.1674-5515.2019.02.019","article-title":"Clinical study on Ginkgo ketone ester dropping pills combined with ticagrelor in treatment of angina pectoris of coronary heart disease","volume":"34","author":"Li","year":"2019","journal-title":"Drugs. Clin."},{"key":"B69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1161\/01.cir.104.3.365","article-title":"Current concepts of the pathogenesis of the acute coronary syndromes","volume":"104","author":"Libby","year":"2001","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"B70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2071","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2018.08.1043","article-title":"Inflammation, immunity, and infection in atherothrombosis: JACC review topic of the week","volume":"72","author":"Libby","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Cardiol."},{"key":"B71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1586","DOI":"10.7507\/1002-1892.201806055","article-title":"Effect of natural hirudin on angiogenesis of human microvascular endothelial cells","volume":"32","author":"Lin","year":"2018","journal-title":"Chin. J. Repar. Reconstr. Surg."},{"key":"B72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.3969\/j.issn.1673-7210.2009.23.028","article-title":"Observation on the efficacy of simvastatin combined with Xuezhikang in the treatment of unstable angina pectoris","volume":"6","author":"Lin","year":"2009","journal-title":"Chin. Med. Her."},{"key":"B73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1419169","DOI":"10.3389\/fcvm.2024.1419169","article-title":"Traditional Chinese medicine for cardiovascular disease: efficacy and safety","volume":"3","author":"Lin","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front. Cardiovasc. Med."},{"key":"B74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1721","DOI":"10.3969\/j.issn.1001-1978.2021.12.016","article-title":"GBE50 alleviates cardiac arrhythmias via inhibition of INa and ICa, L and spontaneous calcium waves","volume":"37","author":"Liu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Chin. Pharmacol. Bull."},{"key":"B75","first-page":"5","article-title":"Proposal of clinical trial evaluation methods for cardiovascular drugs","volume":"26","author":"Liu","year":"1998","journal-title":"Chin. J. Cardiovasc. Dis."},{"key":"B76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"322","DOI":"10.11653\/syfj2013160322","article-title":"Effect of Xuezhikang capsule on inflammatory factors, endothelial function and carotid atherosclerotic plaques in patients with unstable angina pectoris","volume":"19","author":"Liu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Chin. J. Exp. Tradit. Med. Formulae."},{"key":"B77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2576","DOI":"10.16281\/j.cnki.jocml.2015.13.085","article-title":"Observation on the efficacy of Xinyue capsule combined with trimetazidine hydrochloride in the treatment of unstable angina pectoris","volume":"2","author":"Liu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Electron. J. Clin. Med. Lit."},{"key":"B78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2950","DOI":"10.3321\/j.issn:1001-5302.2008.24.021","article-title":"Study on effect of promoting blood circulation drugs components in treating unstable angina in patients with blood stasis inflammatory levels","volume":"33","author":"Liu","year":"2008","journal-title":"Chin. J. Chin. Med. Mater. Medica."},{"key":"B79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.3969\/j.issn.1672-2566.2018.03.036","article-title":"The effect of Zhenyuan capsule on high sensitivity C-reactive protein in patients with unstable angina","volume":"19","author":"Liu","year":"","journal-title":"Chin. Med. Rec."},{"key":"B80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.3969\/j.issn.1674-4985.2020.07.005","article-title":"Effect of Ginkgo ketone ester drop pills on hemorheology and serum oxidative stress in patients with unstable angina","volume":"17","author":"Liu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Med. Innov. Chin."},{"key":"B81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.3969\/j.issn.1672-187X.2018.05.038","article-title":"Clinical effect of Yinxing Tongzhi dripping pills in patientswith angina pectoris and the influence on inflammatory factor expression","volume":"24","author":"Liu","year":"","journal-title":"J. Clin. Psychosom. Dis."},{"key":"B82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"878","DOI":"10.1111\/jphp.13057","article-title":"Phospholipase C\u03b32 signalling contributes to the haemostatic effect of notoginsenoside Ft1","volume":"71","author":"Liu","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Pharm. Pharmacol."},{"key":"B83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"118297","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2024.118297","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of Ginkgo biloba extract in the treatment of unstable angina pectoris: a systematic review and network meta-analysis","volume":"15","author":"Liu","year":"","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"B84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1120","DOI":"10.3969\/j.issn.1671-6450.2024.09.018","article-title":"Effect and mechanism of hirudin on hypoxia induced interstitial transdifferentiation of cardiac microvascular endothelial cells","volume":"23","author":"Liu","year":"","journal-title":"Chin. J. Difficult. Complicat. Cases."},{"key":"B85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3836","DOI":"10.3969\/j.issn.1008-8849.2019.34.018","article-title":"Effect of large-strain Rhodiola rosea in the auxiliary treatment of unstable angina pectoris in the elderly and its effect on serum inflammatory factors","volume":"28","author":"Liu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mod. J. Integr. Tradit. Chin. West. Med."},{"key":"B86","first-page":"137","article-title":"Clinical efficacy of Xinyue capsule combined with conventional treatment in postmenopausal patients with unstable angina and chronic insomnia","volume":"22","author":"Lu","year":"2022","journal-title":"New. Mom. New. Born."},{"key":"B87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.3969\/j.issn.1671-3885.2013.03.005","article-title":"Effects of Yinxing Tongzhi guttate pills in the treatment of angina pectoris after percutaneous coronary intervention","volume":"35","author":"Luo","year":"2013","journal-title":"Sichuan. J. Physiol. Sci."},{"key":"B88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"414","DOI":"10.3969\/j.issn.1672-1349.2013.04.014","article-title":"Analysis of the therapeutic effect of Maixuekang capsule in treating 56 cases of unstable angina pectoris","volume":"11","author":"Luo","year":"2013","journal-title":"Chin. J. Integr. Med. Cardio\/Cerebrovasc. Dis."},{"key":"B89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.14163\/j.cnki.11-5547\/r.2019.35.001","article-title":"Observation on clinical efficacy of Xuezhikang combined with atorvastatin in the treatment of UA with elevated TG","volume":"14","author":"Ma","year":"2019","journal-title":"Chin. Pract. Med."},{"key":"B90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1276","DOI":"10.3969\/j.issn.1672-1349.2009.11.009","article-title":"Effect of Xinnaoshutong capsule on vascular endothelium function in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus complicated with unstable angina","volume":"7","author":"Ma","year":"2009","journal-title":"Chin. J. Integr. Med. Cardio\/Cerebrovasc. Dis."},{"key":"B91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.16662\/j.cnki.1674-0742.2014.30.032","article-title":"Clinical comparative analysis of the lipid-regulating effects of Xuezhikang and Simvastatin on patients with unstable angina pectoris","volume":"33","author":"Ma","year":"2014","journal-title":"Chin. Foreign. Med. Treat."},{"key":"B92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehz455","article-title":"2019 ESC\/EAS Guidelines for the management of dyslipidaemias: lipid modification to reduce cardiovascular risk","volume":"41","author":"Mach","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur. Heart. J."},{"key":"B93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2020.00213","article-title":"Dazhu Hongjingtian preparation as adjuvant therapy for unstable angina pectoris: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"10","author":"Man","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Pharmacol."},{"key":"B94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"362","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2017.07.019","article-title":"Panax ginseng and Panax quinquefolius: from pharmacology to toxicology","volume":"107","author":"Mancuso","year":"2017","journal-title":"Food. Chem. Toxicol."},{"key":"B95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6891","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm11236891","article-title":"Angina in 2022: current perspectives","volume":"11","author":"Manfredi","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Clin. Med."},{"key":"B96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1186\/s13643-017-0473-z","article-title":"Approaches to interpreting and choosing the best treatments in network meta-analyses","volume":"6","author":"Mbuagbaw","year":"2017","journal-title":"Syst. Rev."},{"key":"B97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/10590501.2016.1278298","article-title":"Review of Ginkgo biloba-induced toxicity, from experimental studies to human case reports","volume":"35","author":"Mei","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Environ. Sci. Health. C. Environ. Carcinog. Ecotoxicol. Rev."},{"key":"B98","volume-title":"Report on cardiovascular health and disease in China 2023","year":"2024"},{"key":"B99","volume-title":"Pharmacopoeia of the People\u2019s Republic of China. Vol. I","year":"2020"},{"key":"B100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"701","DOI":"10.1016\/j.euf.2023.10.018","article-title":"How to read a network meta-analysis","volume":"9","author":"Nino","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eur. Urol. Focus"},{"key":"B101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.116.308537","article-title":"Pleiotropic effects of statins on the cardiovascular system","volume":"120","author":"Oesterle","year":"2017","journal-title":"Circ. Res."},{"key":"B102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"684","DOI":"10.3969\/j.issn.1004-437X.2020.04.057","article-title":"Effect of Ginkgo biloba dispersible tablets combined with metoprolol tartrate on unstable angina pectoris","volume":"29","author":"Peng","year":"2020","journal-title":"Henan Med. Res."},{"key":"B103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.118.034645","article-title":"Residual inflammatory risk on treatment with PCSK9 inhibition and statin therapy","volume":"138","author":"Pradhan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"B104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"998","DOI":"10.3969\/j.issn.1001-1528.2021.04.031","article-title":"Research progress on clinical and pharmacological effects of Ginkgo biloba esters and their preparations","volume":"43","author":"Qian","year":"2021","journal-title":"Chin. Tradit. Pat. Med."},{"key":"B105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"745","DOI":"10.1007\/s40264-018-0661-3","article-title":"Adverse events to food supplements containing red yeast rice: comparative analysis of FAERS and CAERS reporting systems","volume":"41","author":"Raschi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Drug. Saf."},{"key":"B106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2012.11.010","article-title":"Risk stratification in patients with unstable angina using absolute serial changes of 3 high-sensitive troponin assays","volume":"165","author":"Reichlin","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am. Heart. J."},{"key":"B107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.13862\/j.cnki.cn43-1446\/r.2006.11.010","article-title":"Clinical observation on 38 cases of coronary artery disease with instable angina pectoris treated by Xuezhikang capsule combined with western medicine","volume":"12","author":"Ren","year":"2006","journal-title":"Guid. J. Tradit. Chin. Med. Pharm."},{"key":"B108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1720","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehw024","article-title":"Residual inflammatory risk: addressing the obverse side of the atherosclerosis prevention coin","volume":"37","author":"Ridker","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur. Heart. J."},{"key":"B109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2013.12.022","article-title":"What is in a name? The need for accurate scientific nomenclature for plants","volume":"152","author":"Rivera","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"B110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.119.13642","article-title":"Effects of interleukin-1\u03b2 inhibition on blood pressure, incident hypertension, and residual inflammatory risk: a secondary analysis of cantos","volume":"75","author":"Rothman","year":"2020","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"B111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2323","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000095267.24234.00","article-title":"Joint effects of C-reactive protein and glycated hemoglobin in predicting future cardiovascular events of patients with advanced atherosclerosis","volume":"108","author":"Schillinger","year":"2003","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"B112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.g7647","article-title":"Preferred reporting items for systematic review and meta-analysis protocols (PRISMA-P) 2015: elaboration and explanation","volume":"349","author":"Shamseer","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMJg7647"},{"key":"B113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1142\/S0192415X25500077","article-title":"The pharmacology and toxicology of ginkgolic acids: secondary metabolites from Ginkgo biloba","volume":"53","author":"Shao","year":"2025","journal-title":"Am. J. Chin. Med."},{"key":"B114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.13422\/j.cnki.syfjx.2014160200","article-title":"Influence of big plant Rhodiola capsule treat on unstable angina patients","volume":"20","author":"Shen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Chin. J. Exp. Tradit. Med. Formulae."},{"key":"B115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4465","DOI":"10.13241\/j.cnki.pmb.2022.23.013","article-title":"Effects of Ginkgo biloba ketone ester dropping pills combined with metoprolol on myocardial enzyme indexes, oxidative stress and peripheral blood IL-33\/ST2 signal pathway in patients with unstable angina pectoris of coronary heart disease","volume":"22","author":"Sheng","year":"2022","journal-title":"Prog. Mod. Biomed."},{"key":"B116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.16333\/j.1001-6880.2009.01.027","article-title":"Effect of tribu saponin from Tribulus terrestris on the formation of atherosclerosis in rats","volume":"21","author":"Shi","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nat. Prod. Res. Dev."},{"key":"B117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1162","DOI":"10.1002\/ptr.5848","article-title":"Panax notoginseng preparations for unstable angina pectoris: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"31","author":"Song","year":"2017","journal-title":"Phytother. Res."},{"key":"B118","first-page":"76","article-title":"Effects of Ginkgo biloba dispersible tablets combined with metoprolol tartrate on symptom improvement and oxidative stress indexes in patients with unstable angina","volume":"29","author":"Song","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin. Res."},{"key":"B119","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"752","DOI":"10.3390\/biom10050752","article-title":"A comprehensive review of the phytochemical, pharmacological, and toxicological properties of Tribulus terrestris L","volume":"10","author":"\u0218tef\u0103nescu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biomolecules"},{"key":"B120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.3969\/j.issn.1008-5971.2017.03.019","article-title":"Clinical effect and safety of Xuezhikang tablets combined with clopidogrel in treating unstable angina pectoris patients complicated with atherosclerosis","volume":"25","author":"Su","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pract. J. Card. Cereb. Pneumal. Vasc. Dis."},{"key":"B121","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2014.11.002","article-title":"Ameliorating effects of traditional Chinese medicine preparation, Chinese materia medica and active compounds on ischemia\/reperfusion-induced cerebral microcirculatory disturbances and neuron damage","volume":"5","author":"Sun","year":"2015","journal-title":"Acta. Pharm. Sin. B"},{"key":"B122","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1412","DOI":"10.13429\/j.cnki.cjcr.2024.09.020","article-title":"Effect and clinical efficacy of Ginkgo biloba tablets on fibroblast growth factor 4 in patients with unstable angina pectoris","volume":"37","author":"Sun","year":"2024","journal-title":"Chin. J. Clin. Res."},{"key":"B123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"857370","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2022.857370","article-title":"Pharmacokinetic, metabolism, and metabolomic strategies provide deep insight into the underlying mechanism of Ginkgo biloba flavonoids in the treatment of cardiovascular disease","volume":"23","author":"Tao","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Nutr."},{"key":"B124","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2119","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.106.635029","article-title":"Relative value of inflammatory, hemostatic, and rheological factors for incident myocardial infarction and stroke: the Edinburgh Artery Study","volume":"115","author":"Tzoulaki","year":"2007","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"B125","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e009221","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.118.009221","article-title":"Lower on-treatment low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and major adverse cardiovascular events in women and men: pooled analysis of 10 ODYSSEY phase 3 alirocumab trials","volume":"7","author":"Vallejo-Vaz","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Am. Heart. Assoc."},{"key":"B126","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1007\/s11655-010-0075-2","article-title":"Thinking on how to construct the system of Chinese medicine efficacy evaluation for coronary heart disease angina pectoris","volume":"16","author":"Wang","year":"2010","journal-title":"Chin. J. Integr. Med."},{"key":"B127","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1374","DOI":"10.3969\/j.issn.1673-7202.2023.10.004","article-title":"Hirudin affects vascular smooth muscle cells in the rat model of hyperhomocysteine","volume":"18","author":"Wang","year":"","journal-title":"World. Chin. Med."},{"key":"B128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.13422\/j.cnki.syfjx.2017190011","article-title":"Invention effect of Xuesaitong for coronary heart disease unstable angina with blood stasis and relevant microRNA","volume":"23","author":"Wang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Chin. J. Exp. Tradit. Med. Formulae."},{"key":"B129","first-page":"1825","article-title":"Assay of potency for Xuezhikang by inhibiting HMG-CoA reductase","volume":"24","author":"Wang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Chin. J. New. Drugs."},{"key":"B130","first-page":"2802","article-title":"Effect of ginkgo ketone ester dispersible tablet on blood rheology of rats with acute blood stasis","volume":"22","author":"Wang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Chin. J. New. Drugs."},{"key":"B131","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.3969\/j.issn.1674-7860.2012.05.041","article-title":"Clinical observation on treating 60 cases of unstable angina with the Yinxing Yedi pill","volume":"4","author":"Wang","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin. J. Chin. Med."},{"key":"B132","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.13194\/j.jlunivtcm.2006.02.70.wangwl.036","article-title":"Effect of Xuezhikang on the levels of matrix metalloproteinase-9 and tumor necrosis factor in patients with unstable angina pectoris","volume":"8","author":"Wang","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Liaoning. Univ. Tradit. Chin. Med."},{"key":"B133","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/S2095-4964(17)60314-5","article-title":"Integration of traditional Chinese medicine and Western medicine in the era of precision medicine","volume":"15","author":"Wang","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Integr. Med."},{"key":"B134","first-page":"295","article-title":"Clinical observation on the effect of Xinnao Shutong capsule on angina pectoris caused by coronary heart disease","volume":"25","author":"Wang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Chin. Health. Care. Nutr."},{"key":"B135","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3052","DOI":"10.3969\/j.issn.1001-1528.2023.09.041","article-title":"Preventive effect of Ginkgo biloba esters on myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats by activating ATP-sensitive potassium channels","volume":"45","author":"Wang","year":"","journal-title":"Chin. Tradit. Pat. Med."},{"key":"B136","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.3969\/j.issn.1006-1959.2022.21.020","article-title":"Clinical efficacy of Zhenyuan capsule in adjuvant treatment of unstable angina pectoris and its effect on blood NT-proBNP and HCY levels","volume":"35","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Med. Inf."},{"key":"B137","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1062","DOI":"10.3760\/cma.j.issn.1673-4777.2012.09.003","article-title":"Analysis of efficacy and safety of maixuekang capsule for unstable angina","volume":"7","author":"Wang","year":"2012","journal-title":"Chin. Med."},{"key":"B138","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.3870\/j.issn.1004-0781.2023.08.001","article-title":"Chinese guidelines for lipid management (2023)","volume":"38","author":"Wang","year":"","journal-title":"Chin. Circ. J."},{"key":"B139","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.14164\/j.cnki.cn11-5581\/r.2010.23.009","article-title":"Clinical evaluation of Xuesaitong soft capsules on treatment of unstable angina pectoris","volume":"4","author":"Wei","year":"2010","journal-title":"Chin. J. Mod. Drug. Appl."},{"key":"B140","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1470","DOI":"10.3969\/j.issn.1000-7369.2014.11.017","article-title":"Efficacy of Ginkgo biloba ester dropping pills combined with western medicine in the treatment of unstable angina pectoris and its effect on plasma P-selectin","volume":"35","author":"Wu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Shanxi. J. Tradit. Chin. Med."},{"key":"B141","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1016\/S1875-5364(19)30037-8","article-title":"Metabolomics and its application in the treatment of coronary heart disease with traditional Chinese medicine","volume":"17","author":"Wu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Chin. J. Nat. Med."},{"key":"B142","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1195364","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2023.1195364","article-title":"Perspectives of international multi-center clinical trials on traditional Chinese herbal medicine","volume":"18","author":"Wu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Pharmacol."},{"key":"B143","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1126","DOI":"10.19540\/j.cnki.cjcmm.20210901.601","article-title":"Nomenclature standardization of Chinese medicine extracts and components","volume":"47","author":"Wu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Chin. J. Chin. Mater. Med."},{"key":"B144","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.13191\/j.chj.2003.02.88.xiazhr.033","article-title":"Observation on the therapeutic effect of Ginkgo biloba leaf tablets in the treatment of unstable angina pectoris","volume":"15","author":"Xia","year":"2003","journal-title":"Chin. Heart. J."},{"key":"B145","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"851","DOI":"10.1002\/ptr.2384","article-title":"A comparison of the ancient use of ginseng in traditional Chinese medicine with modern pharmacological experiments and clinical trials","volume":"22","author":"Xiang","year":"2008","journal-title":"Phytother. Res."},{"key":"B146","first-page":"1905","article-title":"Primary studies on preparation technology and quality control standard of Zhenyuan soft capsules","volume":"18","author":"Xie","year":"2009","journal-title":"Chin. J. New. Drugs."},{"key":"B147","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"116156","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2023.116156","article-title":"Herb-drug interactions between Panax notoginseng or its biologically active compounds and therapeutic drugs: a comprehensive pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic review","volume":"307","author":"Xie","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"B148","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.3969\/j.issn.1674-7860.2015.29.004","article-title":"Research on effects of the Maixuekang capsules on unstable angina and hemorheology","volume":"7","author":"Xing","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin. J. Chin. Med."},{"key":"B149","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.16252\/j.cnki.issn1004-0501-2008.02.015","article-title":"Effect of Xuezhikang on serum inflammatory cytokines in patients with unstable angina pectoris","volume":"29","author":"Xiong","year":"2008","journal-title":"Sichuan Med. J."},{"key":"B150","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"154237","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2022.154237","article-title":"Market access for Chinese herbal medicinal products in Europe-A ten-year review of relevant products, policies, and challenges","volume":"103","author":"Xiong","year":"2022","journal-title":"Phytomedicine"},{"key":"B151","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2298","DOI":"10.7501\/j.issn.1674-5515.2019.08.010","article-title":"Clinical observation of Di\u2019ao Xinxuekang Capsules combined with esmolol in treatment of unstable angina pectoris","volume":"34","author":"Xu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Drugs. Clin."},{"key":"B152","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.3969\/j.issn.1009-4393.2020.30.077","article-title":"Clinical effect of piperidine mononitrate tablets combined with Di\u2019aoXinxuekang capsule in the treatment of unstable angina pectoris","volume":"26","author":"Xu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Contemp. Med."},{"key":"B153","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.13457\/j.cnki.jncm.2016.04.009","article-title":"Analysis of clinical efficacy of Di\u2019ao Xinxuekang capsule combined with isosorbide mononitrate sustained-release tablets in the treatment of unstable angina pectoris","volume":"48","author":"Xu","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. New. Tradit. Chin. Med."},{"key":"B154","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2648","DOI":"10.13748\/j.cnki.issn1007-7693.20230875","article-title":"Herbal textual research on hirudo","volume":"41","author":"Yang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Chin. J. Mod. Appl. Pharm."},{"key":"B155","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"948319","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/948319","article-title":"Xuesaitong soft capsule (Chinese patent medicine) for the treatment of unstable angina pectoris: a meta-analysis and systematic review","volume":"2013","author":"Yang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Evid. Based. Complement. Altern. Med. 2013"},{"key":"B156","first-page":"38","article-title":"The clinical analysis of Xuesaitong soft capsules in treating unstable angina patients","volume":"19","author":"Yu","year":"2010","journal-title":"Proceeding. Clin. Med."},{"key":"B157","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.15887\/j.cnki.13-1389\/r.2023.33.002","article-title":"Efficacy of Ginkgo tablets combined with Bisoprolol tablets in the treatment of unstable angina pectoris and its influence on cardiac function","volume":"16","author":"Yu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Chin. J. Clin. Ration. Drug. Use."},{"key":"B158","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2252","DOI":"10.7501\/j.issn.1674-5515.2023.09.021","article-title":"Clinical study of Di\u2019ao Xinxuekang soft capsules combined with metoprolol in treatment of unstable angina pectoris","volume":"38","author":"Yu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Drugs. Clin."},{"key":"B159","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.5142\/jgr.2010.34.3.160","article-title":"Chemical and pharmacological studies of saponins with a focus on American ginseng","volume":"34","author":"Yuan","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Ginseng. Res."},{"key":"B160","first-page":"67","article-title":"Effect of Maixuekang on brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity in patients with unstable angina","volume":"20","author":"Yue","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cap. Food. Med."},{"key":"B161","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1080\/10408347.2020.1736506","article-title":"Application of identification and evaluation techniques for ethnobotanical medicinal plant of genus Panax: a review","volume":"51","author":"Yue","year":"2021","journal-title":"Crit. Rev. Anal. Chem."},{"key":"B162","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1016\/s0735-1097(98)00553-1","article-title":"Unstable angina and non-Q wave myocardial infarction: does the clinical diagnosis have therapeutic implications?","volume":"33","author":"Zaacks","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Cardiol."},{"key":"B163","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2902","DOI":"10.6039\/j.issn.1001-0408.2013.31.08","article-title":"Protective effects of Xindakang tablets on myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury model rats","volume":"24","author":"Zeng","year":"2013","journal-title":"Chin. Pharm."},{"key":"B164","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2020.06.097","article-title":"Hirudin protects against isoproternol-induced myocardial infraction by alleviating oxidative via an Nrf2 dependent manner","volume":"1","author":"Zhang","year":"","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol."},{"key":"B165","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.3969\/j.issn.1671-8054.2011.02.027","article-title":"Observation on the therapeutic effect of Ginkgo leaf drop pills in the treatment of unstable angina pectoris of coronary heart disease","volume":"10","author":"Zhang","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Anhui. Health. Vocat. Tech. Coll."},{"key":"B166","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1667","DOI":"10.3969\/j.issn.1001-1528.2020.06.055","article-title":"Clinical efficacy of Xinyue capsule combined with conventional treatment in postmenopausal patients with unstable angina and chronic insomnia","volume":"42","author":"Zhang","year":"","journal-title":"Chin. Tradit. Pat. Med."},{"key":"B167","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.3969\/j.issn.1672-1349.2010.05.055","article-title":"Observation on the therapeutic effect of Xinnao Shutong capsule on patients with unstable angina and its effect on hypersensitive C-reactive protein","volume":"21","author":"Zhang","year":"2012","journal-title":"Chin. J. Ethnomed. Ethnopharm."},{"key":"B168","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"671","DOI":"10.1038\/aps.2010.45","article-title":"Tribulosin protects rat hearts from ischemia\/reperfusion injury","volume":"31","author":"Zhang","year":"2010","journal-title":"Acta. Pharmacol. Sin."},{"key":"B169","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.3969\/j.issn.1001-1528.2022.01.034","article-title":"Research progress of di\u2019ao xinxuekang","volume":"44","author":"Zhang","year":"","journal-title":"Chin. Tradit. Pat. Med."},{"key":"B170","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1097\/FJC.0000000000001670","article-title":"Latest evidence and perspectives of Panax notoginseng extracts and preparations for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases: a review","volume":"85","author":"Zhao","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Cardiovasc. Pharmacol."},{"key":"B171","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"998","DOI":"10.3969\/j.issn.1008-8849.2005.01.015","article-title":"Clinical observation on the treatment of unstable angina pectoris with Xuesetong","volume":"23","author":"Zhao","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Qiqihar. Med. Univ."},{"key":"B172","volume-title":"Guiding principles of clinical research on new drugs of Chinese medicines","author":"Zheng","year":"2002"},{"key":"B173","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.16458\/j.cnki.1007-0893.2019.12.027","article-title":"Observation on the therapeutic effect of Maixuekang capsule in treating unstable angina pectoris","volume":"29","author":"Zhou","year":"2019","journal-title":"Shenzhen. J. Integr. Tradit. Chin. West. Med."},{"key":"B174","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.3969\/j.issn.1673-7210.2008.31.038","article-title":"Clinical observation on the effect of Xuezhikang on unstable angina pectoris","volume":"5","author":"Zhu","year":"2008","journal-title":"Chin. Med. Her."}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Pharmacology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fphar.2025.1582661\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,24]],"date-time":"2025-06-24T13:54:29Z","timestamp":1750773269000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fphar.2025.1582661\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,24]]},"references-count":174,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fphar.2025.1582661"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fphar.2025.1582661","relation":{},"ISSN":["1663-9812"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1663-9812","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,24]]},"article-number":"1582661"}}