{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,14]],"date-time":"2026-07-14T12:38:58Z","timestamp":1784032738133,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,6]],"date-time":"2025-08-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1754438400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82060747"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82060747"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005273","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Yunnan Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["\u7f16\u53f7: 202301BA070001-133 202301AT070043"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["\u7f16\u53f7: 202301BA070001-133 202301AT070043"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005273","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Pharmacol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>Alopecia areata (AA), an autoimmune hair-loss disease due to follicular inflammatory cell infiltration, lacks an ideal cure. The Periplaneta Americana (PA) extract (PA-011), a traditional Chinese medicine with anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, tissue-repair-promoting, and immune-regulating properties, was studied for its AA-treating effects.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Guided by network pharmacology, AA model mice were treated with PA-011. Hair growth, skin tissue, inflammatory factors, and Wnt protein levels were examined. Transcriptomics, metabolomics, and 16S rRNA sequencing explored the hair-growth-promoting mechanisms.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Network pharmacology showed PA-011 could regulate AA-related targets and pathways. PA-011 intervention promoted hair follicle cell proliferation and hair growth in AA mice, reduced skin TNF-\u03b1, IL-23, and VCAM-1 expression. Transcriptomics and WB analysis indicated PA-011 downregulated inflammatory genes, activated Wnt3a, and modulated the TGF-\u03b2 pathway. Metabolomics found PA-011 regulated metabolic pathways. 16S rRNA analysis showed it reversed AA-induced skin microbiota changes, inhibiting pathogens and promoting probiotics. Multi-omics analysis revealed PA-011 regulated skin microbiota and metabolic balance for hair growth.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title><jats:p>In conclusion, PA-011 alleviates AA by reducing skin inflammation and modulating skin microbiota, suggesting its potential as an AA therapeutic.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2025.1590648","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,6]],"date-time":"2025-08-06T11:05:54Z","timestamp":1754478354000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Periplaneta americana extract (L.) promotes hair regrowth in Alopecia areata mice by reducing inflammation and modulating skin microbiota"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Tangfei","family":"Guan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xin","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Canhui","family":"Hong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiali","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peiyun","family":"Xiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yongshou","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chenggui","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhengchun","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.3390\/jfb15030080","article-title":"Anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, and analgesic potential of chitin and chitosan derived from cockroaches (Periplaneta americana) and termites","volume":"15","author":"Asad","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. 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