{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T23:41:43Z","timestamp":1792626103872,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":107,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,25]],"date-time":"2025-07-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1753401600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Pharmacol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>The development of liver diseases adversely affects global health, emerging as a prominent cause of mortality globally and imposing a significant economic strain on society. Gallic acid (GA) is the natural polyphenol that is present in a variety of plants, fruits, tea, traditional Chinese medicine and so on.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>This review was aimed to analyze the available literature on GA with a focus on its mechanism of action.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Several literature databases were searched, including PubMed, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and Scopus to find relevant research on GA and liver disease over the last decade.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our finding indicate that GA can effectively reduce non-alcoholic liver injury, alcoholic liver disease, hepatic fibrosis, drug-induced liver injury, and liver cancer. GA displays remarkable antioxidant effects by activating nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor (Nrf2) and the expression of antioxidant genes. Moreover, the anti-inflammatory mechanism is mainly related to the nuclear factor kappa B (NF-\u03baB) signaling pathway and down-regulating some inflammation-related factors such as interleukin 1 (IL-1), interleukin 6 (IL-6), transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-\u03b2) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-\u03b1). GA mitigates non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and alcoholic liver disease (ALD) through the reduction of lipid accumulation, achieved by modulating the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling pathway. In the context of liver cancer, GA additionally modulates the wnt\/\u03b2-catenin and JAK\/STAT3 signaling pathways, as well as their downstream molecular components.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>In this review, different studies indicate that GA have an excellent protective effect against various liver diseases associated with various signaling pathways.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2025.1595508","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,25]],"date-time":"2025-07-25T05:26:36Z","timestamp":1753421196000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["The role of gallic acid in liver disease: a review of its phytochemistry, pharmacology, and safety"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Peiyu","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yifan","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Linlin","family":"Lv","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenshuo","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aixi","family":"Jia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Deshi","family":"Dong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaohan","family":"Zhai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"494","DOI":"10.3390\/nu13020494","article-title":"Dietary polyphenols and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"13","author":"Abenavoli","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"116274","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2024.116274","article-title":"Targeting the NF-\u03baB p65\/Bcl-2 signaling pathway in hepatic cellular carcinoma using radiation assisted synthesis of zinc nanoparticles coated with naturally isolated gallic acid","volume":"172","author":"AboZaid","year":"2024","journal-title":"Biomed. 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