{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,18]],"date-time":"2025-09-18T10:48:18Z","timestamp":1758192498767,"version":"3.44.0"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,17]],"date-time":"2025-09-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1758067200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007129","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["\u7f16\u53f7 ZR2021QH009"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["\u7f16\u53f7 ZR2021QH009"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007129","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Pharmacol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>The southern mountainous area of Kunyu Mountain is in the Jiaodong Peninsula of China, which is rich in medicinal plant resources. For a long time, the residents in the Southern Mountain area of Kunyu Mountain have used a variety of plants for pharmacy practice and have accumulated rich knowledge of medicinal plants. Although medicinal plants were widely used, there were no reports on the medicinal plants used by residents in the southern mountainous area of Kunyu Mountain. This study aimed to document the medicinal plants and evaluate the associated traditional knowledge possessed by residents of the southern mountainous area of Kunyu Mountain.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Through face-to-face interviews with 256 residents, the species, preparation, and use of medicinal plants, and related traditional medicinal knowledge were quantitatively analyzed using the Informant Consensus Factor (FIC) and the Relative Frequency of Citation (RFC).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>We identified 338 species of medicinal plants in this study, belonging to 87 families and 230 genera. Among these, Asteraceae was the dominant family and the whole grass was the most commonly used part for drug preparation, and decoction and oral administration were the most common preparation methods and routes of administration, respectively. In terms of utilization rate, <jats:italic>Crataegus pinnatifida<\/jats:italic> var. <jats:italic>major<\/jats:italic> (0.2), <jats:italic>Crataegus pinnatifida<\/jats:italic> (0.2), <jats:italic>Platycodon grandiflorus<\/jats:italic> (0.2), <jats:italic>Yulania denudata<\/jats:italic> (0.2), and <jats:italic>Zanthoxylum bungeanum<\/jats:italic> (0.2) had higher RFC values, and the five plants above were the most important medicinal plants used by the residents in this area. Besides, compared with China Pharmacopoeia, four new therapeutic uses of three known plants were found. Among the 16 disease categories in the International Classification of Primary Care (ICPC-2), Respiratory system diseases (FIC: 0.8), Digestive system diseases (FIC: 0.8), and General and unspecified system diseases (FIC: 0.8) were the most reported.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study lists the species of medicinal plants on the southern mountainous area of Kunyu Mountain. It records their therapeutic uses, which could provide a reference for further chemical and pharmacological studies on medicinal plants.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2025.1598940","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,17]],"date-time":"2025-09-17T13:55:00Z","timestamp":1758117300000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Ethnobotanical survey of medicinal plants in the southern mountain area of Kunyu mountain, China"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Zicheng","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhe","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zihan","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xingjie","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yinglin","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ye","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Minghan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Huajuan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xinyu","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jie","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jia","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Qian","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lingna","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yongqing","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shaoping","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ying","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111973","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2019.111973","article-title":"Ethnobotanical survey of medicinal plants in central Abyan governorate, Yemen","volume":"241","author":"Al-Fatimi","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2017.01.024","article-title":"Traditional uses of medicinal plants reported by the indigenous communities and local herbal practitioners of Bajaur Agency, Federally Administrated Tribal Areas, Pakistan","volume":"198","author":"Aziz","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"B3","first-page":"29","article-title":"Biodiversity and protection suggestions of Kunyu Mountain national natural reserve. Mass technology","author":"Chen","year":"2022"},{"key":"B4","volume-title":"Pharmacopoeia of the People\u2019s Republic of China","year":"2015"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2018.08.004","article-title":"Traditional medicinal plants of A\u011fr\u0131 Province, Turkey","volume":"226","author":"Dalar","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pbi.2016.06.019","article-title":"Sources of specificity in plant damaged-self recognition","volume":"32","author":"Duran-Flores","year":"2016","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. plant Biol."},{"key":"B7","volume-title":"Flora of China","year":"1989"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0192727","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0192727","article-title":"Climate-dependence of ecosystem services in a nature reserve in northern China","volume":"13","author":"Fang","year":"2018","journal-title":"PloS one"},{"key":"B9","volume-title":"Chinese higher plants","author":"Fu","year":"2012"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115888","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2022.115888","article-title":"Ethnobotanical study of traditionally used plants in the municipality of Zavidovi\u0107i, BiH","volume":"302","author":"Ginko","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"R890-R896","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2017.03.021","article-title":"Succulent plants","volume":"27","author":"Griffiths","year":"2017","journal-title":"Curr. Biol. CB"},{"key":"B15","volume-title":"The relationship between sexual reproduction characteristics and invasiveness of some invasive species of Asteraceae","author":"Hao","year":"2008"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1186\/s13002-015-0019-1","article-title":"Ethnobotanical study on medicinal plants used by Maonan people in China","volume":"11","author":"Hong","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Ethnobiol. Ethnomedicine"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1186\/s13002-020-00387-z","article-title":"Ethnobotanical study on medicinal plants used by Mulam people in Guangxi, China","volume":"16","author":"Hu","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Ethnobiol. Ethnomedicine"},{"key":"B18","volume-title":"Investigation and analysis of medicinal plant resources in karst area of Sino-Vietnam border in Guangxi","author":"Huang","year":"2023"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pld.2017.12.001","article-title":"Ex situ flora of China","volume":"39","author":"Huang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Plant Divers."},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"681190","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2021.681190","article-title":"An ethnobotanical study of medicinal plants in kinmen","volume":"12","author":"Huang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Pharmacol."},{"key":"B22","volume-title":"International classification of primary Care","year":"2015"},{"key":"B23","unstructured":"ISE code of ethics (with 2008 additions)\n          \n          \n          2006"},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jrras.2017.03.005","article-title":"Characterization of ethno-medicinal plant resources of karamar valley Swabi, Pakistan","volume":"10","author":"Khalid","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Radiat. Res. Appl. Sci."},{"key":"B25","first-page":"32","article-title":"Chemistry and Toxicology of Insecticidal plants of Compositae","author":"Le","year":"1997","journal-title":"Transl. Collect. Pesticide"},{"key":"B26","volume-title":"Shandong plant Essentials","author":"Li","year":"2004"},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17109","DOI":"10.1038\/nplants.2017.109","article-title":"Demystifying traditional herbal medicine with modern approach","volume":"3","author":"Li","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. Plants"},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.13207\/j.cnki.jnwafu.2002.01.016","article-title":"Preliminary study on Fungicidal activity of Several Asteraceae plants","author":"Li","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Northwest A and F Univ. Nat. Sci. Ed."},{"key":"B29","volume-title":"Medica flora of Shandong","author":"Li","year":"2013"},{"key":"B31","first-page":"6-20+22","article-title":"A preliminary study on the taxonomy and flora of Asteraceae in China","author":"Lin","year":"1997","journal-title":"Plant Research"},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113228","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2020.113228","article-title":"Ethnobotanical survey of medicinal plants in Gaomi, China","volume":"265","author":"Lin","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"B33","first-page":"24","article-title":"Rhinosinus headache medicine","author":"Lu","year":"2017","journal-title":"For. Guangxi Zhuang Aut. Region"},{"key":"B34","volume-title":"Science of Chinese medicine resources","author":"Ma","year":"2021"},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115895","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2022.115895","article-title":"Ethnobotanical uses, phytochemistry and pharmacology of pantropical genus Zanthoxylum L. (Rutaceae): an update","volume":"303","author":"Mutinda","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1007\/10_2014_273","article-title":"Medicinal plants, human health and biodiversity: a broad review","volume":"147","author":"Sen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Adv. Biochem. Engineering\/Biotechnology"},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1007\/s12231-007-9004-5","article-title":"Cultural importance indices: a comparative analysis based on the useful wild plants of southern cantabria (northern Spain) 1","volume":"62","author":"Tard\u00edo","year":"2008","journal-title":"Econ. Bot."},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1186\/1746-4269-9-65","article-title":"An ethnobotanical study of medicinal plants used in Kilte Awulaelo District, Tigray Region of Ethiopia","volume":"9","author":"Teklay","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Ethnobiol. Ethnomedicine"},{"key":"B39","first-page":"91","article-title":"Informant consensus, a new approach for identifying potentially effective medicinal plants","volume-title":"Plants in indigenous medicine and diet, biobehavioural approaches","author":"Trotter","year":"1986"},{"key":"B40","first-page":"88","article-title":"Decoction and administration: the key to the efficacy of Chinese herbal tonics","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci. Life."},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13767","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms232213767","article-title":"Comparison of the chemical components, efficacy and mechanisms of action of Chrysanthemum morifolium flower and its wild relative Chrysanthemum indicum flower against liver-fire hyperactivity syndrome of hypertension via integrative analyses","volume":"23","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"B42","volume-title":"Study on ecosystem service value evaluation and Ecological compensation of Kunyu Mountain nature reserve","author":"Wen","year":"2018"},{"key":"B43","first-page":"322","year":"2008"},{"key":"B44","volume-title":"National compilation of Chinese herbal medicine - volume I","author":"Xie","year":"1996"},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"112217","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2019.112217","article-title":"Ethnobotanical study of medicinal plants in the Adrar Province, Mauritania","volume":"246","author":"Yebouk","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"B50","article-title":"Investigation and medicinal analysis of wild orchids in meizhou","author":"Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Mol. Plant Breed."},{"key":"B51","volume-title":"Botany field practice guide","author":"Zhao","year":"2009"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Pharmacology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fphar.2025.1598940\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,17]],"date-time":"2025-09-17T13:55:05Z","timestamp":1758117305000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fphar.2025.1598940\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,17]]},"references-count":42,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fphar.2025.1598940"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fphar.2025.1598940","relation":{},"ISSN":["1663-9812"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1663-9812","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,17]]},"article-number":"1598940"}}