{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,17]],"date-time":"2026-06-17T17:17:27Z","timestamp":1781716647736,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":98,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,20]],"date-time":"2025-05-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1747699200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Pharmacol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>This article aims to review the current application status and research advancements of selinexor in the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Selinexor, as the first oral selective inhibitor of nuclear export protein Exportin-1 (XPO1), inhibits the abnormal nuclear export of tumor suppressor proteins by blocking XPO1, thereby restoring their activity and exerting antitumor effects. Clinical studies have shown that selinexor monotherapy or combination therapy has demonstrated good anti-leukemia effects in AML, especially in patients with relapsed\/refractory AML. In addition, the combination of selinexor with other drugs, such as demethylating agents and FLT3 inhibitors, has shown synergistic antitumor effects. Although selinexor has shown potential, its resistance and adverse reactions still need further research and control. Future research directions include exploring the best medication schemes, clarifying the appropriate population, and developing new combination treatment plans to improve treatment effects and overcome drug resistance issues.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2025.1602911","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,20]],"date-time":"2025-05-20T10:09:55Z","timestamp":1747735795000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Selinexor in acute myeloid leukemia: therapeutic applications and current challenges"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Ziyu","family":"Qie","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Li","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jie","family":"Tan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaochun","family":"Peng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e404","DOI":"10.3324\/haematol.2019.236810","article-title":"Selinexor combined with cladribine, cytarabine, and filgrastim in relapsed or refractory acute myeloid leukemia","volume":"105","author":"Abboud","year":"2019","journal-title":"Haematologica"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"899","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2005-02-0560","article-title":"Acute myeloid leukemia bearing cytoplasmic nucleophosmin (NPMc+ AML) shows a distinct gene expression profile characterized by up-regulation of genes involved in stem-cell maintenance","volume":"106","author":"Alcalay","year":"2005","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4094","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2016.67.5066","article-title":"Phase I study of selinexor, a selective inhibitor of nuclear export, in combination with fludarabine and cytarabine, in pediatric relapsed or refractory acute leukemia","volume":"34","author":"Alexander","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1080\/15384047.2021.1902913","article-title":"Targeting EZH2-mediated methylation of histone 3 inhibits proliferation of pediatric acute monocytic leukemia cells in vitro","volume":"22","author":"Al-Ghabkari","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cancer Biol. Ther."},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"957","DOI":"10.1007\/s40262-021-01016-y","article-title":"Pharmacokinetics of selinexor: the first-in-class selective inhibitor of nuclear export","volume":"60","author":"Bader","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin. Pharmacokinet."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1080\/10428194.2019.1665664","article-title":"Selinexor in combination with decitabine in patients with acute myeloid leukemia: results from a phase 1 study","volume":"61","author":"Bhatnagar","year":"2019","journal-title":"Leukemia Lymphoma"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2091","DOI":"10.1080\/10428194.2023.2253480","article-title":"Phase 1 study of selinexor in combination with salvage chemotherapy in Adults with relapsed or refractory Acute myeloid leukemia","volume":"64","author":"Bhatnagar","year":"2023","journal-title":"Leukemia Lymphoma"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1007\/s11864-017-0456-2","article-title":"Treatment of relapsed\/refractory acute myeloid leukemia","volume":"18","author":"Bose","year":"2017","journal-title":"Curr. Treat. options Oncol."},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"857","DOI":"10.1016\/s0092-8674(00)80595-4","article-title":"Akt promotes cell survival by phosphorylating and inhibiting a forkhead transcription factor","volume":"96","author":"Brunet","year":"1999","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccell.2018.08.005","article-title":"Mutant NPM1 maintains the leukemic state through HOX expression","volume":"34","author":"Brunetti","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cancer Cell"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"598","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2018-99-116663","article-title":"Results of the pivotal STORM study (Part 2) in penta-refractory multiple myeloma (MM): deep and durable responses with oral selinexor plus low dose dexamethasone in patients with penta-refractory MM","volume":"132","author":"Chari","year":"2018","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1993","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2018-99-117349","article-title":"Selinexor plus pomalidomide and low dose dexamethasone (SPd) in patients with relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma","volume":"132","author":"Chen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2725","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2021-149701","article-title":"Single cell RNA sequencing in patients enrolled in a selinexor clinical trial reveals overexpression of alternative nuclear export pathways associated with resistance to selinexor in refractory multiple myeloma","volume":"138","author":"Cohen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2204","DOI":"10.1038\/s41409-020-0925-2","article-title":"Phase I trial of maintenance selinexor after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for patients with acute myeloid leukemia and myelodysplastic syndrome","volume":"55","author":"Cooperrider","year":"2020","journal-title":"Bone Marrow Transplant."},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"910","DOI":"10.1186\/s12885-015-1790-z","article-title":"Deciphering mechanisms of drug sensitivity and resistance to Selective Inhibitor of Nuclear Export (SINE) compounds","volume":"15","author":"Crochiere","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMC Cancer"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"112212","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2024.112212","article-title":"Dynamic Single-Cell RNA-Seq reveals mechanism of Selinexor-Resistance in Chronic myeloid leukemia","volume":"134","author":"Cui","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int. Immunopharmacol."},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1441","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2018-99-118028","article-title":"Final results of phase I\/II study of selinexor (SEL) with sorafenib in patients (pts) with relapsed and\/or refractory (R\/R) FLT3 mutated acute myeloid leukemia (AML)","volume":"132","author":"Daver","year":"2018","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3117","DOI":"10.1182\/bloodadvances.2022009411","article-title":"Olutasidenib (FT-2102) induces durable complete remissions in patients with relapsed or refractory IDH1-mutated AML","volume":"7","author":"De Botton","year":"2023","journal-title":"Blood Adv."},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.2021014901","article-title":"Enasidenib vs conventional care in older patients with late-stage mutant-IDH2 relapsed\/refractory AML: a randomized phase 3 trial","volume":"141","author":"De Botton","year":"2022","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"617","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2012971","article-title":"Azacitidine and venetoclax in previously untreated acute myeloid leukemia","volume":"383","author":"DiNardo","year":"2020","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2386","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1716984","article-title":"Durable remissions with ivosidenib inIDH1-mutated relapsed or refractory AML","volume":"378","author":"DiNardo","year":"2018","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111177","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2022.111177","article-title":"Phosphoproteomics of primary AML patient samples reveals rationale for AKT combination therapy and p53 context to overcome selinexor resistance","volume":"40","author":"Emdal","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cell Rep."},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1571","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(23)00464-6","article-title":"Quizartinib plus chemotherapy in newly diagnosed patients with FLT3-internal-tandem-duplication-positive acute myeloid leukaemia (QuANTUM-First): a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial","volume":"401","author":"Erba","year":"2023","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1038\/leu.2016.145","article-title":"KPT-8602, a second-generation inhibitor of XPO1-mediated nuclear export, is well tolerated and highly active against AML blasts and leukemia-initiating cells","volume":"31","author":"Etchin","year":"2016","journal-title":"Leukemia"},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1038\/leu.2015.194","article-title":"Activity of a selective inhibitor of nuclear export, selinexor (KPT-330), against AML-initiating cells engrafted into immunosuppressed NSG mice","volume":"30","author":"Etchin","year":"2015","journal-title":"Leukemia"},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1111\/bjh.12231","article-title":"KPT\u2010330 inhibitor of CRM1 (XPO1)\u2010mediated nuclear export has selective anti\u2010leukaemic activity in preclinical models of T\u2010cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia and acute myeloid leukaemia","volume":"161","author":"Etchin","year":"2013","journal-title":"Br. J. Haematol."},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e147","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clml.2018.02.005","article-title":"Azacitidine use for myeloid neoplasms","volume":"18","author":"Fakih","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin. Lymphoma Myeloma Leukemia"},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"614","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joim.2024.08.001","article-title":"Realgar-indigo naturalis formula for the treatment of patients with relapsed and arsenic trioxide-resistant acute promyelocytic leukemia: a case series","volume":"22","author":"Fang","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Integr. Med."},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e169","DOI":"10.1111\/bjh.16804","article-title":"A Phase II study of selinexor plus cytarabine and idarubicin in patients with relapsed\/refractory acute myeloid leukaemia","volume":"190","author":"Fiedler","year":"2020","journal-title":"Br. J. Haematol."},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"586","DOI":"10.1182\/bloodadvances.2019000359","article-title":"Venetoclax response is enhanced by selective inhibitor of nuclear export compounds in hematologic malignancies","volume":"4","author":"Fischer","year":"2020","journal-title":"Blood Adv."},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.1038\/36894","article-title":"CRM1 is responsible for intracellular transport mediated by the nuclear export signal","volume":"390","author":"Fukuda","year":"1997","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3165","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2016-11-750158","article-title":"A phase 1 clinical trial of single-agent selinexor in acute myeloid leukemia","volume":"129","author":"Garzon","year":"2017","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3157","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2019-122902","article-title":"A phase 1b\/2 study of selinexor, carfilzomib, and dexamethasone (SKd) in relapsed\/refractory multiple myeloma (RRMM)","volume":"134","author":"Gasparetto","year":"2019","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2430","DOI":"10.1038\/s41375-020-0756-6","article-title":"Integrated safety profile of selinexor in multiple myeloma: experience from 437 patients enrolled in clinical trials","volume":"34","author":"Gavriatopoulou","year":"2020","journal-title":"Leukemia"},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11512","DOI":"10.1200\/jco.2018.36.15_suppl.11512","article-title":"Phase 2 results of selinexor in advanced de-differentiated (DDLS) liposarcoma (SEAL) study: a phase 2\/3, randomized, double blind, placebo controlled cross-over study","volume":"36","author":"Gounder","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3166","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2016.67.6346","article-title":"Phase IB study of selinexor, a first-in-class inhibitor of nuclear export, in patients with advanced refractory bone or soft tissue sarcoma","volume":"34","author":"Gounder","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1186\/s13045-014-0085-1","article-title":"Nucleo-cytoplasmic transport as a therapeutic target of cancer","volume":"7","author":"Gravina","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Hematol. Oncol."},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1455","DOI":"10.1111\/vco.12289","article-title":"In vitro evaluation of Selective Inhibitors of Nuclear Export (SINE) drugs KPT\u2010185 and KPT\u2010335 against canine mammary carcinoma and transitional cell carcinoma tumor initiating cells","volume":"15","author":"Grayton","year":"2017","journal-title":"Veterinary Comp. Oncol."},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"697","DOI":"10.1093\/neuonc\/nou303","article-title":"Preclinical antitumor efficacy of selective exportin 1 inhibitors in glioblastoma","volume":"17","author":"Green","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neuro-Oncology"},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1563","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)32292-3","article-title":"Once-per-week selinexor, bortezomib, and dexamethasone versus twice-per-week bortezomib and dexamethasone in patients with multiple myeloma (BOSTON): a randomised, open-label, phase 3 trial","volume":"396","author":"Grosicki","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1342173","DOI":"10.3389\/fcvm.2024.1342173","article-title":"Kr\u00fcpple-like factors in cardiomyopathy: emerging player and therapeutic opportunities","volume":"11","author":"Gui","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front. Cardiovasc. Med."},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2009","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-18-2395","article-title":"EZH2 inhibitor GSK126 suppresses antitumor immunity by driving production of myeloid-derived suppressor cells","volume":"79","author":"Huang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tcb.2007.02.003","article-title":"CRM1-mediated nuclear export: to the pore and beyond","volume":"17","author":"Hutten","year":"2007","journal-title":"Trends Cell Biol."},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2189","DOI":"10.1038\/s41375-022-01657-3","article-title":"Addition of the nuclear export inhibitor selinexor to standard intensive treatment for elderly patients with acute myeloid leukemia and high risk myelodysplastic syndrome","volume":"36","author":"Janssen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Leukemia"},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6682","DOI":"10.1093\/emboj\/18.23.6682","article-title":"An N-terminal nuclear export signal is required for the nucleocytoplasmic shuttling of Ikappa Balpha","volume":"18","author":"Johnson","year":"1999","journal-title":"EMBO J."},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1186","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.33477","article-title":"Acute myeloid leukemia: treatment and research outlook for 2021 and the MD Anderson approach","volume":"127","author":"Kantarjian","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"78883","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.12428","article-title":"Selinexor, a Selective Inhibitor of Nuclear Export (SINE) compound, acts through NF-\u03baB deactivation and combines with proteasome inhibitors to synergistically induce tumor cell death","volume":"7","author":"Kashyap","year":"2016","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"993","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2005-12-5148","article-title":"Mdm2 inhibitor Nutlin-3a induces p53-mediated apoptosis by transcription-dependent and transcription-independent mechanisms and may overcome Atm-mediated resistance to fludarabine in chronic lymphocytic leukemia","volume":"108","author":"Kojima","year":"2006","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3150","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2005-02-0553","article-title":"MDM2 antagonists induce p53-dependent apoptosis in AML: implications for leukemia therapy","volume":"106","author":"Kojima","year":"2005","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4166","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2012-08-447581","article-title":"Prognostic impact and targeting of CRM1 in acute myeloid leukemia","volume":"121","author":"Kojima","year":"2013","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1324","DOI":"10.1021\/cb400133j","article-title":"An orally bioavailable chemical probe of the lysine methyltransferases EZH2 and EZH1","volume":"8","author":"Konze","year":"2013","journal-title":"ACS Chem. Biol."},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4621","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2012-05-429506","article-title":"Selective inhibitors of nuclear export show that CRM1\/XPO1 is a target in chronic lymphocytic leukemia","volume":"120","author":"Lapalombella","year":"2012","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"837","DOI":"10.1038\/s43018-022-00394-x","article-title":"P2RY2-AKT activation is a therapeutically actionable consequence of XPO1 inhibition in acute myeloid leukemia","volume":"3","author":"Lin","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Cancer"},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1038\/s41571-022-00615-3","article-title":"The emerging role of photoacoustic imaging in clinical oncology","volume":"19","author":"Lin","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1186\/s13148-017-0390-y","article-title":"Efficacy of EZH2 inhibitory drugs in human papillomavirus-positive and human papillomavirus-negative oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas","volume":"9","author":"Lindsay","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin. Epigenetics"},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1186\/s12645-023-00174-x","article-title":"Nanoparticles advanced from preclinical studies to clinical trials for lung cancer therapy","volume":"14","author":"Liu","year":"","journal-title":"Cancer Nanotechnol."},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1067520","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1067520","article-title":"LncRNAs has been identified as regulators of Myeloid-derived suppressor cells in lung cancer","volume":"14","author":"Liu","year":"","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6816","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24076816","article-title":"Azacitidine is synergistically lethal with XPO1 inhibitor selinexor in acute myeloid leukemia by targeting XPO1\/eIF4E\/c-MYC signaling","volume":"24","author":"Long","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6099","DOI":"10.1111\/jcmm.13886","article-title":"Inhibition of XPO1 enhances cell death induced by ABT-199 in acute myeloid leukaemia via Mcl-1","volume":"22","author":"Luedtke","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Cell. Mol. Med."},{"key":"B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113533","DOI":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2023.113533","article-title":"RNA nanotechnology: a new chapter in targeted therapy","volume":"230","author":"Lv","year":"2023","journal-title":"Colloids surfaces. B, Biointerfaces"},{"key":"B61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2016.03.020","article-title":"Importins and exportins as therapeutic targets in cancer","volume":"164","author":"Mahipal","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Ther."},{"key":"B62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1497","DOI":"10.1007\/s00277-021-04542-8","article-title":"A phase I trial of selinexor plus FLAG-Ida for the treatment of refractory\/relapsed adult acute myeloid leukemia patients","volume":"100","author":"Mart\u00ednez S\u00e1nchez","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ann. Hematol."},{"key":"B63","first-page":"2129","article-title":"Cytoplasmic localization of a mutant M(r) 160,000 topoisomerase II alpha is associated with the loss of putative bipartite nuclear localization signals in a drug-resistant human lung cancer cell line","volume":"55","author":"Mirski","year":"1995","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"B64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"510","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-08-0858","article-title":"Identification of nuclear export inhibitors with potent anticancer activity in vivo","volume":"69","author":"Mutka","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"B65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2875","DOI":"10.1038\/s41375-020-0958-y","article-title":"Targeting nuclear import and export in hematological malignancies","volume":"34","author":"Nachmias","year":"2020","journal-title":"Leukemia"},{"key":"B66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2059","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1301689","article-title":"Genomic and epigenomic landscapes of adult de novo acute myeloid leukemia","volume":"368","author":"Network","year":"2013","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"B67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"648","DOI":"10.1038\/bjc.1996.415","article-title":"Phase I trial of elactocin","volume":"74","author":"Newlands","year":"1996","journal-title":"Br. J. Cancer"},{"key":"B68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e526","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clml.2022.01.014","article-title":"Guidance for use and dosing of selinexor in multiple myeloma in 2021: consensus from international myeloma foundation expert roundtable","volume":"22","author":"Nooka","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin. Lymphoma Myeloma Leukemia"},{"key":"B69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"362","DOI":"10.1158\/2159-8290.CD-13-0609","article-title":"Selective BCL-2 inhibition by ABT-199 causes on-target cell death in acute myeloid leukemia","volume":"4","author":"Pan","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cancer Discov."},{"key":"B70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2020-139999","article-title":"Frontline selinexor and chemotherapy is highly active in older adults with acute myeloid leukemia (AML)","volume":"136","author":"Pardee","year":"2020","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"B71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1186\/s13045-014-0078-0","article-title":"Selective inhibitors of nuclear export (SINE)\u2013 a novel class of anti-cancer agents","volume":"7","author":"Parikh","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Hematol. Oncol."},{"key":"B72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1728","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1902688","article-title":"Gilteritinib or chemotherapy for relapsed or refractory FLT3-mutated AML","volume":"381","author":"Perl","year":"2019","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"B73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.6004\/jnccn.2023.0025","article-title":"Acute myeloid leukemia, version 3.2023, NCCN clinical practice guidelines in oncology","volume":"21","author":"Pollyea","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Natl. Compr. Cancer Netw."},{"key":"B74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2020-137685","article-title":"A phase 1 study of gilteritinib in combination with induction and consolidation chemotherapy in patients with newly diagnosed AML: final results","volume":"136","author":"Pratz","year":"2020","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"B75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1186\/s12916-022-02305-4","article-title":"Selinexor plus low-dose dexamethasone in Chinese patients with relapsed\/refractory multiple myeloma previously treated with an immunomodulatory agent and a proteasome inhibitor (MARCH): a phase II, single-arm study","volume":"20","author":"Qiu","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMC Med."},{"key":"B76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6142","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-15-2885","article-title":"XPO1 inhibition using selinexor synergizes with chemotherapy in acute myeloid leukemia by targeting DNA repair and restoring topoisomerase II\u03b1 to the nucleus","volume":"22","author":"Ranganathan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin. Cancer Res."},{"key":"B77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2689","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2014-10-607648","article-title":"Decitabine priming enhances the antileukemic effects of exportin 1 (XPO1) selective inhibitor selinexor in acute myeloid leukemia","volume":"125","author":"Ranganathan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"B78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4142","DOI":"10.1200\/jco.2015.65.3949","article-title":"First-in-Class, first-in-human phase I study of selinexor, a selective inhibitor of nuclear export, in patients with advanced solid tumors","volume":"34","author":"Razak","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"B79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ymgme.2014.11.017","article-title":"Targeting novel signaling pathways for resistant acute myeloid leukemia","volume":"114","author":"Sakamoto","year":"2014","journal-title":"Mol. Genet. Metabolism"},{"key":"B80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"683","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.20797","article-title":"5\u2010Aza\u20102\u2032\u2010deoxycytidine induces p21WAF expression by demethylation of p73 leading to p53\u2010independent apoptosis in myeloid leukemia","volume":"114","author":"Schmelz","year":"2004","journal-title":"Int. J. Cancer"},{"key":"B81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1279","DOI":"10.1038\/leu.2015.6","article-title":"Epigenomic analysis of the HOX gene loci reveals mechanisms that may control canonical expression patterns in AML and normal hematopoietic cells","volume":"29","author":"Spencer","year":"2015","journal-title":"Leukemia"},{"key":"B82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"722","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2017-04-779405","article-title":"Enasidenib in mutant IDH2 relapsed or refractory acute myeloid leukemia","volume":"130","author":"Stein","year":"2017","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"B83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"454","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1614359","article-title":"Midostaurin plus chemotherapy for acute myeloid leukemia with aFLT3Mutation","volume":"377","author":"Stone","year":"2017","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"B84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3192","DOI":"10.1080\/10428194.2021.1950706","article-title":"A 2:1 randomized, open-label, phase II study of selinexor vs. physician\u2019s choice in older patients with relapsed or refractory acute myeloid leukemia","volume":"62","author":"Sweet","year":"2021","journal-title":"Leukemia Lymphoma"},{"key":"B85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-19-2169","article-title":"Phase I clinical trial of selinexor in combination with daunorubicin and cytarabine in previously untreated poor-risk acute myeloid leukemia","volume":"26","author":"Sweet","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin. Cancer Res."},{"key":"B86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1485","DOI":"10.1007\/s40265-019-01188-9","article-title":"Selinexor: first global approval","volume":"79","author":"Syed","year":"2019","journal-title":"Drugs"},{"key":"B87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2018-99-113840","article-title":"Selinexor, a first-in-class XPO1 inhibitor, is efficacious and tolerable in patients with myelodysplastic Syndromes refractory to hypomethylating agents","volume":"132","author":"Taylor","year":"2018","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"B88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2323","DOI":"10.4161\/cc.10.14.16399","article-title":"Hypomethylating agents reactivate FOXO3A in acute myeloid leukemia","volume":"10","author":"Th\u00e9pot","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cell Cycle"},{"key":"B89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2876","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1460-2075.1995.tb07287.x","article-title":"Phosphorylation of human I kappa B-alpha on serines 32 and 36 controls I kappa B-alpha proteolysis and NF-kappa B activation in response to diverse stimuli","volume":"14","author":"Traenckner","year":"1995","journal-title":"EMBO J."},{"key":"B90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2648","DOI":"10.2174\/092986708786242859","article-title":"CRM1-Mediated nuclear export of proteins and drug resistance in cancer","volume":"15","author":"Turner","year":"2008","journal-title":"Curr. Med. Chem."},{"key":"B91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"614","DOI":"10.7150\/jca.7080","article-title":"CRM1 inhibition sensitizes drug resistant human myeloma cells to topoisomerase II and proteasome inhibitors both in vitro and ex vivo","volume":"4","author":"Turner","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Cancer"},{"key":"B92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6899","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-09-0484","article-title":"Human multiple myeloma cells are sensitized to topoisomerase II inhibitors by CRM1 inhibition","volume":"69","author":"Turner","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"B93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1417","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaoncol.2024.2662","article-title":"Contemporary management of acute myeloid leukemia: a review","volume":"10","author":"Venugopal","year":"2024","journal-title":"JAMA Oncol."},{"key":"B94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1186\/s13045-017-0550-8","article-title":"A phase I study of selinexor in combination with high-dose cytarabine and mitoxantrone for remission induction in patients with acute myeloid leukemia","volume":"11","author":"Wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Hematol. Oncol."},{"key":"B95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2526","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2004444","article-title":"Oral azacitidine maintenance therapy for acute myeloid leukemia in first remission","volume":"383","author":"Wei","year":"2020","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"B96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1201","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(20)30455-1","article-title":"Sorafenib maintenance in patients with FLT3-ITD acute myeloid leukaemia undergoing allogeneic haematopoietic stem-cell transplantation: an open-label, multicentre, randomised phase 3 trial","volume":"21","author":"Xuan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol."},{"key":"B97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/djm328","article-title":"Mutant FLT3: a direct target of sorafenib in acute myelogenous leukemia","volume":"100","author":"Zhang","year":"2008","journal-title":"JNCI J. Natl. Cancer Inst."},{"key":"B98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1642","DOI":"10.3324\/haematol.2017.185082","article-title":"Combinatorial targeting of XPO1 and FLT3 exerts synergistic anti-leukemia effects through induction of differentiation and apoptosis in FLT3-mutated acute myeloid leukemias: from concept to clinical trial","volume":"103","author":"Zhang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Haematologica"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Pharmacology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fphar.2025.1602911\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,20]],"date-time":"2025-05-20T10:09:57Z","timestamp":1747735797000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fphar.2025.1602911\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,20]]},"references-count":98,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fphar.2025.1602911"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fphar.2025.1602911","relation":{},"ISSN":["1663-9812"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1663-9812","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,20]]},"article-number":"1602911"}}