{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,29]],"date-time":"2026-08-29T14:13:43Z","timestamp":1788012823085,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":71,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,27]],"date-time":"2025-06-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1750982400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Pharmacol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Neurological diseases such as stroke and Alzheimer\u2019s disease pose increasing challenges to global public health. Salvianolic Acid B (SalB), a major active component of <jats:italic>Salvia miltiorrhiza<\/jats:italic>, has garnered attention due to its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, neuroprotective, and pro-angiogenic properties in neurological disease treatment.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>This paper aims to review the mechanisms and effects of SalB in the treatment of neurological diseases, exploring its role in improving neurological function, mitigating neuroinflammation, and reducing oxidative stress.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>SalB demonstrates multifaceted mechanisms in neurological disease management. In animal models of cerebral ischemia\/reperfusion injury, SalB reduces infarct size and enhances neurological recovery via anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative stress, and angiogenic pathways. It protects the blood-brain barrier and inhibits neuronal apoptosis in stroke models. In spinal cord injury models, SalB alleviates edema and promotes motor function recovery. In Alzheimer\u2019s disease models, SalB suppresses amyloid-beta formation and neuroinflammation. Additionally, SalB exhibits antidepressant and analgesic effects in pain-depression comorbidity models. These effects are mediated through the regulation of signaling pathways, including NF-\u03baB, AMPK, PI3K\/Akt, and Nrf2, highlighting SalB\u2019s broad therapeutic potential in neurological diseases.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>SalB exhibits promising prospects in the treatment of neurological diseases. However, its clinical application faces challenges such as chemical stability and bioavailability. Further research on the mechanisms of SalB and innovative drug delivery strategies is needed to advance its application in neurological disease therapy.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2025.1606146","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,27]],"date-time":"2025-06-27T05:32:19Z","timestamp":1751002339000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Preclinical and experimental evidence of salvianolic acid B in the treatment of neurological diseases"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Shijun","family":"Bi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shibing","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kunyuan","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dandan","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ligang","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chunyong","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guobiao","family":"Liang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1533","DOI":"10.1007\/s12013-014-0089-z","article-title":"Effects and mechanism analysis of vascular endothelial growth factor and salvianolic acid B on 125I-low density lipoprotein permeability of the rabbit aortary endothelial cells","volume":"70","author":"Ba","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cell Biochem. Biophys."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1300336","DOI":"10.3389\/fbioe.2023.1300336","article-title":"Chitosan-salvianolic acid B coating on the surface of nickel-titanium alloy inhibits proliferation of smooth muscle cells and promote endothelialization","volume":"11","author":"Bi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"739","DOI":"10.21037\/atm-21-4779","article-title":"Salvianolic acid B alleviates neurological injury by upregulating stanniocalcin 1 expression","volume":"10","author":"Bi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ann. Transl. Med."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2284","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(21)00218-X","article-title":"Parkinson's disease","volume":"397","author":"Bloem","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"114667","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2021.114667","article-title":"Salvianolic acid B and ferulic acid synergistically promote angiogenesis in HUVECs and zebrafish via regulating VEGF signaling","volume":"283","author":"Chen","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"560","DOI":"10.1016\/j.thromres.2011.08.032","article-title":"Salvianolic acid B suppresses IFN-\u03b3-induced JAK\/STAT1 activation in endothelial cells","volume":"128","author":"Chen","year":"2011","journal-title":"Thrombosis Res."},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"618","DOI":"10.1002\/jcb.20793","article-title":"Salvianolic acid B attenuates cyclooxygenase\u20102 expression in vitro in LPS\u2010treated human aortic smooth muscle cells and in vivo in the apolipoprotein\u2010E\u2010deficient mouse aorta","volume":"98","author":"Chen","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Cell. Biochem."},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(18)30499-X","article-title":"Global, regional, and national burden of neurological disorders, 1990-2016: a systematic analysis for the global burden of disease study 2016","volume":"18","author":"Collaborators","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol."},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1089\/rej.2018.2099","article-title":"Metabolomics study on the effects of salvianolic acid B and borneol for treating cerebral ischemia in rats by ultra-performance liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry","volume":"22","author":"Duan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Rejuvenation Res."},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1111\/1440-1681.13726","article-title":"Salvianolic acid B, a new type I IRE1 kinase inhibitor, abrogates AngII\u2010induced angiogenesis by interacting with IRE1 in its active conformation","volume":"50","author":"Fan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Pharmacol. Physiology"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2017.11.027","article-title":"Mechanism of salvianolic acid B neuroprotection against ischemia\/reperfusion induced cerebral injury","volume":"1679","author":"Fan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"986","DOI":"10.1007\/s12031-013-0083-8","article-title":"The protective effect of salvianolic acid B on blood\u2013spinal cord barrier after compression spinal cord injury in rats","volume":"51","author":"Fan","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Mol. Neurosci."},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1010","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2012.05.021","article-title":"Antidepressant-like effects of salvianolic acid B in the mouse forced swim and tail suspension tests","volume":"90","author":"Feng","year":"2012","journal-title":"Life Sci."},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jss.2013.11.1118","article-title":"Salvianolic acid B attenuates spinal cord ischemia-reperfusion\u2013induced neuronal injury and oxidative stress by activating the extracellular signal\u2013regulated kinase pathway in rats","volume":"188","author":"Fu","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Surg. Res."},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1140","DOI":"10.1097\/wnr.0000000000001706","article-title":"Neurovascular protection of salvianolic acid B and ginsenoside Rg1 combination against acute ischemic stroke in rats","volume":"32","author":"Fu","year":"2021","journal-title":"NeuroReport"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"382","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0042-101945","article-title":"Development of blood-brain barrier permeable nanoparticles as potential carriers for salvianolic acid B to CNS","volume":"83","author":"Grossi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Planta Medica"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113966","DOI":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2021.113966","article-title":"Astrocytic glycogen mobilization participates in salvianolic acid B-mediated neuroprotection against reperfusion injury after ischemic stroke","volume":"349","author":"Guo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Exp. Neurol."},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1042745","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2022.1042745","article-title":"Salvianolic acid B from Salvia miltiorrhiza bunge: a potential antitumor agent","volume":"13","author":"Guo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Pharmacol."},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1066","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2018.03.119","article-title":"Salvianolic acid B attenuates mitochondrial stress against A\u03b2 toxicity in primary cultured mouse neurons","volume":"498","author":"He","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophysical Res. Commun."},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2820","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(24)00642-1","article-title":"Stroke","volume":"403","author":"Hilkens","year":"2024","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e12742","DOI":"10.1111\/jfbc.12742","article-title":"Salvianolic acid B abolished chronic mild stress\u2010induced depression through suppressing oxidative stress and neuro\u2010inflammation via regulating NLRP3 inflammasome activation","volume":"43","author":"Huang","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Food Biochem."},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-017-1013-4","article-title":"Salvianolic acid B protects against lipopolysaccharide-induced behavioral deficits and neuroinflammatory response: involvement of autophagy and NLRP3 inflammasome","volume":"14","author":"Jiang","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Neuroinflammation"},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1432","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2011.08.038","article-title":"Cognitive dysfunctions induced by a cholinergic blockade and A\u03b225\u201335 peptide are attenuated by salvianolic acid B","volume":"61","author":"Kim","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neuropharmacology"},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"601","DOI":"10.1016\/s1875-5364(22)60186-9","article-title":"Effect of astragaloside IV and salvianolic acid B on antioxidant stress and vascular endothelial protection in the treatment of atherosclerosis based on metabonomics","volume":"20","author":"Kong","year":"2022","journal-title":"Chin. J. Nat. Med."},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1613","DOI":"10.3390\/cimb45020104","article-title":"Neuroprotective effects of geopung-chunghyuldan based on its salvianolic acid B content using an in vivo stroke model","volume":"45","author":"Lee","year":"2023","journal-title":"Curr. Issues Mol. Biol."},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2013.02.015","article-title":"Neuroprotective effects of salvianolic acid B on an A\u03b225\u201335 peptide-induced mouse model of alzheimer's disease","volume":"704","author":"Lee","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e70181","DOI":"10.1111\/cns.70181","article-title":"Interleukin-3 modulates macrophage phagocytic activity and promotes spinal cord injury repair","volume":"30","author":"Li","year":"2024","journal-title":"CNS Neurosci. Ther."},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.2147\/JIR.S249363","article-title":"Salvianolic acid B improves chronic mild stress-induced depressive behaviors in rats: involvement of AMPK\/SIRT1 signaling pathway","volume":"13","author":"Liao","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Inflamm. Res."},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"564","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules23030564","article-title":"Synergistic effects of salvianolic acid B and puerarin on cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury","volume":"23","author":"Ling","year":"2018","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2017.04.007","article-title":"Treatment with salvianolic acid B restores endothelial function in angiotensin II-induced hypertensive mice","volume":"136","author":"Ling","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biochem. Pharmacol."},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10117","DOI":"10.18632\/aging.103306","article-title":"Salvianolic acid B improves cognitive impairment by inhibiting neuroinflammation and decreasing A\u03b2 level in Porphyromonas gingivalis-infected mice","volume":"12","author":"Liu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Aging (Albany NY)"},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2022.04.014","article-title":"Salvianolic acid B alleviates comorbid pain in depression induced by chronic restraint stress through inhibiting GABAergic neuron excitation via an ERK-CREB-BDNF axis-dependent mechanism","volume":"151","author":"Liu","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Psychiatric Res."},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awab239","article-title":"Pain and depression comorbidity causes asymmetric plasticity in the locus coeruleus neurons","volume":"145","author":"Llorca-Torralba","year":"2022","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainresbull.2015.05.002","article-title":"Salvianolic acid B attenuates apoptosis and inflammation via SIRT1 activation in experimental stroke rats","volume":"115","author":"Lv","year":"2015","journal-title":"Brain Res. Bull."},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1381","DOI":"10.1159\/000481849","article-title":"Salvianolic acid B ameliorates cognitive deficits through IGF-1\/Akt pathway in rats with vascular dementia","volume":"43","author":"Ma","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cell. Physiology Biochem."},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102443","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rpth.2024.102443","article-title":"Salvianolic acid B inhibits thrombosis and directly blocks the thrombin catalytic site","volume":"8","author":"Neves","year":"2024","journal-title":"Res. Pract. Thrombosis Haemostasis"},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1698","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(15)00463-8","article-title":"Vascular dementia","volume":"386","author":"O'Brien","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"125815","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2023.125815","article-title":"Protection of a novel velvet antler polypeptide PNP1 against cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury","volume":"247","author":"Pei","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol."},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"155553","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2024.155553","article-title":"Salvianolic acid B enhances tissue repair and regeneration by regulating immune cell migration and Caveolin-1-mediated blastema formation in zebrafish","volume":"130","author":"Qin","year":"2024","journal-title":"Phytomedicine"},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1577","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)32205-4","article-title":"Alzheimer's disease","volume":"397","author":"Scheltens","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1041","DOI":"10.1097\/wnr.0000000000002099","article-title":"Synergism of salvianolic acid B and ginsenoside Rg1 magnifies the therapeutic potency against ischemic stroke","volume":"35","author":"Shen","year":"2024","journal-title":"NeuroReport"},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2018.02.007","article-title":"Salvianolic acid B promotes neural differentiation of induced pluripotent stem cells via PI3K\/AKT\/GSK3\u03b2\/\u03b2-catenin pathway","volume":"671","author":"Shu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neurosci. Lett."},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"114389","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2021.114389","article-title":"Alleviatory effects of danshen, salvianolic acid A and salvianolic acid B on PC12 neuronal cells and Drosophila melanogaster model of Alzheimer's disease","volume":"279","author":"Tan","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"B44","first-page":"380","article-title":"Salvianolic acid B inhibits fibril formation and neurotoxicity of amyloid beta-protein in vitro","volume":"22","author":"Tang","year":"2001","journal-title":"Acta Pharmacol. Sin."},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.3390\/nu8060333","article-title":"Salvianolic acid B inhibits A\u03b2 generation by modulating BACE1 activity in SH-SY5Y-APPsw cells","volume":"8","author":"Tang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2014.04.008","article-title":"Salvianolic acid B protects human endothelial progenitor cells against oxidative stress-mediated dysfunction by modulating Akt\/mTOR\/4EBP1, p38 MAPK\/ATF2, and ERK1\/2 signaling pathways","volume":"90","author":"Tang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Biochem. Pharmacol."},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8332825","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/8332825","article-title":"Salvianolic acid B suppresses ER stress-induced NLRP3 inflammasome and pyroptosis via the AMPK\/FoxO4 and Syndecan-4\/Rac1 signaling pathways in human endothelial progenitor cells","volume":"2022","author":"Tang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Oxidative Med. Cell. Longev."},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2151","DOI":"10.1038\/s41401-023-01125-3","article-title":"Salvianolic acid B ameliorates retinal deficits in an early-stage Alzheimer\u2019s disease mouse model through downregulating BACE1 and A\u03b2 generation","volume":"44","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Acta Pharmacol. Sin."},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1029","DOI":"10.1007\/s11064-010-0151-1","article-title":"Anti-inflammatory activity of salvianolic acid B in microglia contributes to its neuroprotective effect","volume":"35","author":"Wang","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neurochem. Res."},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3146","DOI":"10.3892\/mmr.2017.8203","article-title":"Salvianolic acid B recovers cognitive deficits and angiogenesis in a cerebral small vessel disease rat model via the STAT3\/VEGF signaling pathway","volume":"17","author":"Wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mol. Med. Rep."},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1503","DOI":"10.1007\/s10753-016-0384-5","article-title":"Salvianolic acid B ameliorates cerebral ischemia\/reperfusion injury through inhibiting TLR4\/MyD88 signaling pathway","volume":"39","author":"Wang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Inflammation"},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e529","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2019.08.086","article-title":"Effect of toll-like receptor 4\/Myeloid differentiation factor 88 inhibition by salvianolic acid B on neuropathic pain after spinal cord injury in mice","volume":"132","author":"Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"World Neurosurg."},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1159958","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1159958","article-title":"Salvianolic acid B ameliorates neuroinflammation and neuronal injury via blocking NLRP3 inflammasome and promoting SIRT1 in experimental subarachnoid hemorrhage","volume":"14","author":"Xia","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"572373","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2020.572373","article-title":"Pharmacological effects of salvianolic acid B against oxidative damage","volume":"11","author":"Xiao","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Pharmacol."},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1016\/j.thromres.2014.10.034","article-title":"Salvianolic acid B inhibits platelets-mediated inflammatory response in vascular endothelial cells","volume":"135","author":"Xu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Thromb. Res."},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2017.02.011","article-title":"Neuroprotective effect of salvianolic acid B against cerebral ischemic injury in rats via the CD40\/NF-\u03baB pathway associated with suppression of platelets activation and neuroinflammation","volume":"1661","author":"Xu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2018.00160","article-title":"Partial depletion of peripheral M1 macrophages reverses motor deficits in MPTP-treated mouse by suppressing neuroinflammation and dopaminergic neurodegeneration","volume":"10","author":"Yan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Aging Neurosci."},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102338","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jchemneu.2023.102338","article-title":"The potential effect of salvianolic acid B against rat ischemic brain injury in combination with mesenchymal stem cells","volume":"133","author":"Yan","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Chem. Neuroanat."},{"key":"B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"662","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2018.00662","article-title":"Salvianolic acid B and ginsenoside re synergistically protect against Ox-LDL-Induced endothelial apoptosis through the antioxidative and antiinflammatory mechanisms","volume":"9","author":"Yang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Pharmacol."},{"key":"B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2016.08.005","article-title":"Salvianolic acid B improves the disruption of high glucose-mediated brain microvascular endothelial cells via the ROS\/HIF-1\u03b1\/VEGF and miR-200b\/VEGF signaling pathways","volume":"630","author":"Yang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neurosci. Lett."},{"key":"B61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2017.07.012","article-title":"Salvianolic acid B promotes microglial M2-polarization and rescues neurogenesis in stress-exposed mice","volume":"66","author":"Zhang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Brain, Behav. Immun."},{"key":"B62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1141","DOI":"10.1038\/aps.2016.63","article-title":"Salvianolic acid B ameliorates depressive-like behaviors in chronic mild stress-treated mice: involvement of the neuroinflammatory pathway","volume":"37","author":"Zhang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Acta Pharmacol. Sin."},{"key":"B63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"504","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2018.06.035","article-title":"Cerebroprotection by salvianolic acid B after experimental subarachnoid hemorrhage occurs via Nrf2-and SIRT1-dependent pathways","volume":"124","author":"Zhang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Free Radic. Biol. Med."},{"key":"B64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102260","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tice.2023.102260","article-title":"Salvianolic acid B exerts protective effects against A\u03b2-induced neuroinflammation through the inhibition of NLRP3 inflammasome activation and switching of M1\/M2 polarization","volume":"85","author":"Zhao","year":"","journal-title":"Tissue Cell"},{"key":"B65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"155002","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2023.155002","article-title":"Salvianolic acid B inhibits atherosclerosis and TNF-\u03b1-induced inflammation by regulating NF-\u03baB\/NLRP3 signaling pathway","volume":"119","author":"Zhao","year":"","journal-title":"Phytomedicine"},{"key":"B66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"815","DOI":"10.1097\/wnr.0000000000001660","article-title":"Salvianolic acid B protects against MPP+-Induced neuronal injury via repressing oxidative stress and restoring mitochondrial function","volume":"32","author":"Zhao","year":"2021","journal-title":"NeuroReport"},{"key":"B67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1030","DOI":"10.1002\/iid3.1030","article-title":"Neuroprotective mechanism of salvianolic acid B against cerebral ischemia\u2013reperfusion injury in mice through downregulation of TLR4, p\u2010p38MAPK, p\u2010JNK, NF\u2010\u03baB, and IL\u20101\u03b2","volume":"11","author":"Zheng","year":"2023","journal-title":"Immun. Inflamm. Dis."},{"key":"B68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1705","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules29081705","article-title":"Injectable hydrogels based on hyaluronic acid and gelatin combined with salvianolic acid B and vascular endothelial growth factor for treatment of traumatic brain injury in mice","volume":"29","author":"Zhou","year":"2024","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"B69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e101668","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0101668","article-title":"Salvianolic acid B attenuates toxin-induced neuronal damage via Nrf2-Dependent glial cells-mediated protective activity in parkinson\u2019s disease models","volume":"9","author":"Zhou","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"B70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2013.05.043","article-title":"SMND-309, a novel derivative of salvianolic acid B, protects rat brains ischemia and reperfusion injury by targeting the JAK2\/STAT3 pathway","volume":"714","author":"Zhu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"B71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e35636","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0035636","article-title":"Direct stimulation of adult neural stem\/progenitor cells in vitro and neurogenesis in vivo by salvianolic acid B","volume":"7","author":"Zhuang","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Pharmacology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fphar.2025.1606146\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,27]],"date-time":"2025-06-27T05:32:19Z","timestamp":1751002339000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fphar.2025.1606146\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,27]]},"references-count":71,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fphar.2025.1606146"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fphar.2025.1606146","relation":{},"ISSN":["1663-9812"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1663-9812","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,27]]},"article-number":"1606146"}}