{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T18:20:23Z","timestamp":1791829223226,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":72,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,30]],"date-time":"2025-07-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1753833600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012175","name":"Zhejiang Traditional Chinese Medicine Administration","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012175","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Pharmacol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Postherpetic neuralgia (PHN) is a neuropathic pain and the most common complication of herpes zoster (HZ). Pharmacotherapy serves as the primary intervention for alleviating pain associated with PHN.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Electronic databases were systematically searched to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating pharmacotherapy for PHN. The network meta-analysis (NMA) based on the Bayesian framework was analyzed using R4.4.1 and Stata18.0 software.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 38 RCTs were included in the analysis, enrolling 8,621 participants. In the Risk of Bias 2.0 (RoB 2.0) tool, nine studies (24%) were assessed as having a high risk of bias, 15 studies (39%) were rated as having some concerns, and 14 studies (37%) were assessed as having a low risk of bias. The NMA results showed that the NGX-4010 8% capsaicin patch had a statistically significant effect in terms of pain intensity (MD = \u22129.20, 95% CI: [\u221212.0, \u22126.60]). The secondary outcomes showed a significant effect of hydromorphone in improving sleep quality (MD = \u22123.8, 95% CI: [\u221223.0, \u221215.0]) and decreasing pain questionnaire scores (MD = \u221213.0, 95% CI: [\u221228.0, 2.1]). Amitriptyline plus pregabalin demonstrated the highest probability of clinical superiority (SUCRA = 0.92). The AE incidence results showed that opioids were identified as having the highest cumulative ranking (SUCRA = 0.87).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The study showed that capsaicin patches and hydromorphone were more significant in relieving pain in PHN, whereas calcium channel modulators were more comprehensive in clinical management. The inclusion of more high-quality articles was needed to support this evidence due to quality bias in the literature.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2025.1614587","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,30]],"date-time":"2025-07-30T05:30:58Z","timestamp":1753853458000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Efficacy and safety of different medications compared for the treatment of postherpetic neuralgia: a network meta-analysis"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Zhen","family":"Guo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yunfan","family":"Xia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zuyong","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.4274\/tdd.1115","article-title":"Amitriptyline versus pregabalin in post herpetic neuralgia: a randomized clinical trial","volume":"7","author":"Achar","year":"2013","journal-title":"Turkish J. Dermatology\/T\u00fcrk Dermatoloji Dergisi"},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.4103\/0378-6323.58686","article-title":"Comparative study of clinical efficacy with amitriptyline, pregabalin, and amitriptyline plus pregabalin combination in postherpetic neuralgia","volume":"76","author":"Achar","year":"2010","journal-title":"Indian J. Dermatology Venereol. & Leprology"},{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.2165\/00019053-200624010-00001","article-title":"Bayesian methods for evidence synthesis in cost-effectiveness analysis","volume":"24","author":"Ades","year":"2006","journal-title":"Pharmacoeconomics"},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"857","DOI":"10.1097\/AJP.0b013e31827a72d2","article-title":"Botulinum toxin A in postherpetic neuralgia: a parallel, randomized, double-blind, single-dose, placebo-controlled trial","volume":"29","author":"Apalla","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin. J. Pain"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3959(88)90198-4","article-title":"Lack of analgesic effect of opioids on neuropathic and idiopathic forms of pain","volume":"33","author":"Arn\u00e9r","year":"1988","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1106","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(08)70228-X","article-title":"NGX-4010, a high-concentration capsaicin patch, for the treatment of postherpetic neuralgia: a randomised, double-blind study","volume":"7","author":"Backonja","year":"2008","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol."},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1098","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1526-4637.2011.01139.x","article-title":"Efficacy of gabapentin enacarbil vs placebo in patients with postherpetic neuralgia and a pharmacokinetic comparison with oral gabapentin","volume":"12","author":"Backonja","year":"2011","journal-title":"Pain Med."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"600","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1526-4637.2009.00793.x","article-title":"NGX-4010, a high-concentration capsaicin patch, for the treatment of postherpetic neuralgia: a randomized, double-blind, controlled study with an open-label extension","volume":"11","author":"Backonja","year":"2010","journal-title":"Pain Med."},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.2165\/00044011-200929060-00003","article-title":"Topical 5% lidocaine (lignocaine) medicated plaster treatment for post-herpetic neuralgia: results of a double-blind, placebo-controlled, multinational efficacy and safety trial","volume":"29","author":"Binder","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clin. Drug Investig."},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1445","DOI":"10.1517\/13543784.13.11.1445","article-title":"Recent developments in transient receptor potential vanilloid receptor 1 agonist-based therapies","volume":"13","author":"Bley","year":"2004","journal-title":"Expert Opin. Investig. Drugs"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2809","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-10-3756","article-title":"The two faces of capsaicin","volume":"71","author":"Bode","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1016\/s0304-3959(03)00020-4","article-title":"Tramadol in post-herpetic neuralgia: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial","volume":"104","author":"Boureau","year":"2003","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0217335","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0217335","article-title":"Efficacy of gabapentin for the prevention of postherpetic neuralgia in patients with acute herpes zoster: a double blind, randomized controlled trial","volume":"14","author":"Bulilete","year":"2019","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"Cd006866","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD006866.pub3","article-title":"Antiviral treatment for preventing postherpetic neuralgia","volume":"2014","author":"Chen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst. Rev."},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17002","DOI":"10.1038\/nrdp.2017.2","article-title":"Neuropathic pain","volume":"3","author":"Colloca","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Dis. Prim."},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1007\/s40121-022-00717-6","article-title":"Hospitalization burden related to Herpes zoster infection in Spain (2016-2019)","volume":"12","author":"Corcuera-Munguia","year":"2023","journal-title":"Infect. Dis. Ther."},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e70125","DOI":"10.1111\/1756-185X.70125","article-title":"Fourteen-year retrospective cohort study on the impact of climatic factors on chronic musculoskeletal pain: a Spanish primary care analysis","volume":"28","author":"Cuenca-Zald\u00edvar","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int. J. Rheum. Dis."},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"Ed000142","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.ED000142","article-title":"Updated guidance for trusted systematic reviews: a new edition of the cochrane handbook for systematic reviews of interventions","volume":"10","author":"Cumpston","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst. Rev."},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"Cd007393","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD007393.pub3","article-title":"Topical capsaicin (high concentration) for chronic neuropathic pain in adults","author":"Derry","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst. Rev."},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2007.08.033","article-title":"Pharmacologic management of neuropathic pain: evidence-based recommendations","volume":"132","author":"Dworkin","year":"2007","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(14)70251-0","article-title":"Pharmacotherapy for neuropathic pain in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"14","author":"Finnerup","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol."},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000002808","article-title":"Quantification of risk factors for postherpetic neuralgia in herpes zoster patients: a cohort study","volume":"87","author":"Forbes","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3664","DOI":"10.26355\/eurrev_202205_28862","article-title":"Changing the paradigm in postherpetic neuralgia treatment: lidocaine 700 mg medicated plaster","volume":"26","author":"Fornasari","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur. Rev. Med. Pharmacol. Sci."},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2000","DOI":"10.1111\/pme.12791","article-title":"Relationships among pain quality, pain impact, and overall improvement in patients with postherpetic Neuralgia treated with gastroretentive Gabapentin","volume":"16","author":"Freeman","year":"2015","journal-title":"Pain Med."},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.2217\/pmt-2016-0067","article-title":"Transdermal oxycodone patch for the treatment of postherpetic neuralgia: a randomized, double-blind, controlled trial","volume":"7","author":"Gavin","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pain Manag."},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina59020256","article-title":"Correlation between the altered gut microbiome and lifestyle interventions in chronic widespread pain patients: a systematic review","volume":"59","author":"Gonzalez-Alvarez","year":"2023","journal-title":"Med. Kaunas"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1111\/ddg.14013","article-title":"S2k guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of herpes zoster and postherpetic neuralgia","volume":"18","author":"Gross","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Dtsch. Dermatol. Ges."},{"key":"B77","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of pregabalin in patients with post-herpetic neuralgia","volume":"21","author":"Gu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Chinese J. New Drugs"},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"Cd005582","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD005582.pub4","article-title":"Corticosteroids for preventing postherpetic neuralgia","author":"Han","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst. Rev."},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.3344\/kjp.2021.34.2.210","article-title":"Intravenous patient-controlled analgesia hydromorphone combined with pregabalin for the treatment of postherpetic neuralgia: a multicenter, randomized controlled study","volume":"34","author":"Huang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Korean J. Pain"},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"777","DOI":"10.7326\/M14-2385","article-title":"The PRISMA extension statement for reporting of systematic reviews incorporating network meta-analyses of health care interventions: checklist and explanations","volume":"162","author":"Hutton","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ann. Intern Med."},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1097\/AJP.0b013e318227403d","article-title":"NGX-4010, a capsaicin 8% dermal patch, administered alone or in combination with systemic neuropathic pain medications, reduces pain in patients with postherpetic neuralgia","volume":"28","author":"Irving","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin. J. Pain"},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1526-4637.2010.01004.x","article-title":"A multicenter, randomized, double-blind, controlled study of NGX-4010, a high-concentration capsaicin patch, for the treatment of postherpetic neuralgia","volume":"12","author":"Irving","year":"2011","journal-title":"Pain Med."},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"941","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciab125","article-title":"Recombinant zoster vaccine (Shingrix): real-world effectiveness in the first 2 years post-licensure","volume":"73","author":"Izurieta","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1367","DOI":"10.1016\/0140-6736(92)91194-d","article-title":"Morphine responsiveness of chronic pain: double-blind randomised crossover study with patient-controlled analgesia","volume":"339","author":"Jadad","year":"1992","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1186\/1741-7015-11-159","article-title":"Is network meta-analysis as valid as standard pairwise meta-analysis? It all depends on the distribution of effect modifiers","volume":"11","author":"Jansen","year":"2013","journal-title":"BMC Med."},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"286","DOI":"10.1097\/AJP.0b013e318192bf87","article-title":"Assessment of pain quality in a clinical trial of gabapentin extended release for postherpetic neuralgia","volume":"25","author":"Jensen","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clin. J. Pain"},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3575","DOI":"10.3760\/cma.j.cn112137-20210817-01867","article-title":"Clinical efficacy of bulleyaconitine A combined with gabapentin on postherpetic neuralgia","volume":"101","author":"Jin","year":"2021","journal-title":"Zhonghua yi xue za zhi"},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1186\/1741-7015-8-37","article-title":"The impact of herpes zoster and post-herpetic neuralgia on quality-of-life","volume":"8","author":"Johnson","year":"2010","journal-title":"BMC Med."},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1526","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMcp1403062","article-title":"Clinical practice. Postherpetic neuralgia","volume":"371","author":"Johnson","year":"2014","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"902","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1526-4637.2009.00662.x","article-title":"Efficacy of a metered-dose 8% lidocaine pump spray for patients with post-herpetic neuralgia","volume":"10","author":"Kanai","year":"2009","journal-title":"Pain Med."},{"key":"B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1175","DOI":"10.1097\/j.pain.0000000000001501","article-title":"Mirogabalin for the management of postherpetic neuralgia: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 3 study in Asian patients","volume":"160","author":"Kato","year":"2019","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e004833","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2014-004833","article-title":"Systematic review of incidence and complications of herpes zoster: towards a global perspective","volume":"4","author":"Kawai","year":"2014","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.22159\/ajpcr.2021.v14i7.41872","article-title":"Comparison of Pregabalin and nortriptyline on efficacy and safety in postherpetic Neuralgia","volume":"14","author":"Khajuria","year":"2021","journal-title":"Asian J. Pharm. Clin. Res."},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.3344\/kjp.2017.30.1.3","article-title":"Effects of applying nerve blocks to prevent postherpetic neuralgia in patients with acute herpes zoster: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"30","author":"Kim","year":"2017","journal-title":"Korean J. Pain"},{"key":"B62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1025","DOI":"10.1097\/AJP.0000000000000623","article-title":"The analgesic and emotional response to intravenous lidocaine infusion in the treatment of postherpetic neuralgia: a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled study","volume":"34","author":"Liu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin. J. Pain"},{"key":"B63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1111\/papr.12413","article-title":"A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pregabalin for postherpetic neuralgia in a population of Chinese patients","volume":"17","author":"Liu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pain Pract."},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"602","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-197505000-00021","article-title":"Relative analgesic potencies of morphine and hydromorphone in postoperative pain","volume":"42","author":"Mahler","year":"1975","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2617","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph20032617","article-title":"Percutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (PENS) for infrapatellar saphenous neuralgia management in a patient with myasthenia gravis (MG)","volume":"20","author":"Mart\u00edn P\u00e9rez","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health"},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.3344\/kjp.2013.26.1.21","article-title":"Survey on the treatment of postherpetic neuralgia in Korea; multicenter study of 1,414 patients","volume":"26","author":"Nahm","year":"2013","journal-title":"Korean J. Pain"},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3959(90)90025-9","article-title":"The nature of opioid responsiveness and its implications for neuropathic pain: new hypotheses derived from studies of opioid infusions","volume":"43","author":"Portenoy","year":"1990","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"Cd003447","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD003447","article-title":"Hydromorphone for acute and chronic pain","author":"Quigley","year":"2002","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst. Rev."},{"key":"B64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1015","DOI":"10.1212\/wnl.59.7.1015","article-title":"Opioids versus antidepressants in postherpetic neuralgia: a randomized, placebo-controlled trial","volume":"59","author":"Raja","year":"2002","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"B65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1607","DOI":"10.1185\/03007995.2010.483675","article-title":"Post-herpetic neuralgia: 5% lidocaine medicated plaster, pregabalin, or a combination of both? A randomized, open, clinical effectiveness study","volume":"26","author":"Rehm","year":"2010","journal-title":"Curr. Med. Res. Opin."},{"key":"B66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3959(01)00407-9","article-title":"Gabapentin in postherpetic neuralgia: a randomised, double blind, placebo controlled study","volume":"94","author":"Rice","year":"2001","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"B67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"741","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2005.07.001","article-title":"Treatment response in antidepressant-na\u00efve postherpetic neuralgia patients: double-blind, randomized trial","volume":"6","author":"Rowbotham","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Pain"},{"key":"B68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2004.01.001","article-title":"Pregabalin reduces pain and improves sleep and mood disturbances in patients with post-herpetic neuralgia: results of a randomised, placebo-controlled clinical trial","volume":"109","author":"Sabatowski","year":"2004","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"350","DOI":"10.1097\/00002508-200211000-00002","article-title":"Epidemiology and impact on quality of life of postherpetic neuralgia and painful diabetic neuropathy","volume":"18","author":"Schmader","year":"2002","journal-title":"Clin. J. Pain"},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1739","DOI":"10.1080\/14656566.2017.1392508","article-title":"Post-herpetic neuralgia - a review of current management and future directions","volume":"18","author":"Schutzer-Weissmann","year":"2017","journal-title":"Expert Opin. Pharmacother."},{"key":"B69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"654","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2009.01.328","article-title":"A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of a selective COX-2 inhibitor, GW406381, in patients with postherpetic neuralgia","volume":"10","author":"Shackelford","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Pain"},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"g7647","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.g7647","article-title":"Preferred reporting items for systematic review and meta-analysis protocols (PRISMA-P) 2015: elaboration and explanation","volume":"350","author":"Shamseer","year":"2015","journal-title":"Bmj"},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"l4898","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.l4898","article-title":"RoB 2: a revised tool for assessing risk of bias in randomised trials","volume":"366","author":"Sterne","year":"2019","journal-title":"Bmj"},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2020.12.013","article-title":"Incidence and disease burden of Herpes zoster in the population aged \u226550 years in China: data from an integrated health care network","volume":"82","author":"Sun","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Infect."},{"key":"B70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1185\/030079906x80404","article-title":"Efficacy and tolerability of twice-daily pregabalin for treating pain and related sleep interference in postherpetic neuralgia: a 13-week, randomized trial","volume":"22","author":"van Seventer","year":"2006","journal-title":"Curr. Med. Res. Opin."},{"key":"B71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"765","DOI":"10.2165\/11539520-000000000-00000","article-title":"Gabapentin extended-release tablets for the treatment of patients with postherpetic neuralgia: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicentre study","volume":"30","author":"Wallace","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin. Drug Investig."},{"key":"B72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1477","DOI":"10.1007\/s13555-023-00938-8","article-title":"Randomized, placebo-controlled, multicenter clinical Study on the efficacy and safety of lidocaine patches in Chinese patients with postherpetic Neuralgia","volume":"13","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Dermatol. Ther. (Heidelb)"},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1837","DOI":"10.1212\/wnl.50.6.1837","article-title":"Efficacy of oxycodone in neuropathic pain: a randomized trial in postherpetic neuralgia","volume":"50","author":"Watson","year":"1998","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"B74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"972","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2010.01.270","article-title":"A multicenter, randomized, double-blind, controlled dose finding study of NGX-4010, a high-concentration capsaicin patch, for the treatment of postherpetic neuralgia","volume":"11","author":"Webster","year":"","journal-title":"J. Pain"},{"key":"B73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2377-10-92","article-title":"Effect of duration of postherpetic neuralgia on efficacy analyses in a multicenter, randomized, controlled study of NGX-4010, an 8% capsaicin patch evaluated for the treatment of postherpetic neuralgia","volume":"10","author":"Webster","year":"","journal-title":"BMC Neurol."},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/14787210.2020.1792290","article-title":"A systematic literature review to assess the burden of herpes zoster disease in China","volume":"19","author":"Yin","year":"2021","journal-title":"Expert Rev. Anti Infect. Ther."},{"key":"B75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1182","DOI":"10.1001\/jamadermatol.2024.3410","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of crisugabalin (HSK16149) in adults with postherpetic neuralgia: a phase 3 randomized clinical trial","volume":"160","author":"Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"JAMA Dermatol"},{"key":"B76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"590","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2013.01.768","article-title":"A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial to assess the efficacy and safety of gabapentin enacarbil in subjects with neuropathic pain associated with postherpetic neuralgia (PXN110748)","volume":"14","author":"Zhang","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Pain"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Pharmacology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fphar.2025.1614587\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,30]],"date-time":"2025-07-30T05:31:01Z","timestamp":1753853461000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fphar.2025.1614587\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,30]]},"references-count":72,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fphar.2025.1614587"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fphar.2025.1614587","relation":{},"ISSN":["1663-9812"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1663-9812","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,30]]},"article-number":"1614587"}}