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The differentiation and activity of OBs, OCs, and other bone cells depend on autophagy activity. The regulation of autophagy has the potential to influence the metabolic processes of these cells, which may contribute to the treatment of OP. This paper provided a comprehensive review of the experimental and clinical evidence supporting the use of natural products as potential therapeutic agents for OP. We examined the diverse regulatory effects of natural products on bone cells, including bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells, OBs, and OCs. Additionally, we explore the potential of these natural products to mediate autophagy, a process that may offer novel drug options and provide guidance for future clinical trials.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2025.1623990","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,1]],"date-time":"2025-08-01T05:31:59Z","timestamp":1754026319000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Pharmacological mechanism of natural products to treat osteoporosis: a focus on the autophagy"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Chenglong","family":"Xin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guangheng","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zheng","family":"Shen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Weibiao","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruifeng","family":"Fan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiakuo","family":"Ren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jianyi","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yanke","family":"Hao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jian","family":"Xin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10709","DOI":"10.1080\/10408398.2022.2084600","article-title":"Health benefits of astaxanthin against age-related diseases of multiple organs: a comprehensive review","volume":"63","author":"Alugoju","year":"2023","journal-title":"Crit. 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