{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T22:40:01Z","timestamp":1790203201899,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,21]],"date-time":"2025-08-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1755734400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005343","name":"Fundaci\u00f3n IMSS","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005343","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Pharmacol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Cannabidiol (CBD) reduces the frequency of seizures in individuals with specific epileptic syndromes, but its effectiveness for other types of drug-resistant epilepsy (DRE) is unclear. CYP450 enzymes primarily metabolize CBD. The aim of this study was to identify CYP450 genotypes regarding the response of CBD treatment concomitant with anti-seizure drugs in patients with DRE.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>This observational, retrospective, comparative study examined patients with DRE who incorporated CBD into their treatment. Genomic DNA was extracted from the patients\u2019 blood. Patients were divided into two groups: CBD responders and CBD non-responders. Six genetic variants of CYP450 genes were analyzed using real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Statistical significance was determined using Fisher\u2019s exact, chi-squared, and Mann\u2013Whitney <jats:italic>U<\/jats:italic> tests. The analysis of polymorphisms involved a statistical test for proportion differences of more than 10% between the comparison groups.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study examined 47 patients with DRE, of which 68% showed a positive response to CBD treatment in combination with their current medications. Among the patients who did not respond to adjuvant treatment with CBD, the <jats:italic>CYP3A4<\/jats:italic> *1\/rs2242480 genotype was present in 50%. These patients exhibited focal seizures along with various lesions in imaging studies. In contrast, the <jats:italic>CYP2B6<\/jats:italic> *1\/*2 and *2\/*2 genotypes were identified in 42% of patients with drug-resistant epilepsy who did respond to CBD treatment. These patients had unknown causes of their epilepsy and showed expected results in imaging studies.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Treatment with CBD reduced seizures in most patients (68%), which was independent of etiology and seizure type. The genotype <jats:italic>CYP3A4<\/jats:italic> *1\/rs2242480 may be associated with low response to CBD.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2025.1626054","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,21]],"date-time":"2025-08-21T05:28:15Z","timestamp":1755754095000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Analysis of six CYP450 genetic variants regarding the response to cannabidiol combined with anticonvulsant medication in mexican patients with drug-resistant epilepsy"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Iris A.","family":"Feria-Romero","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luisa","family":"Rocha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Araceli","family":"Reyes-Cuayahuitl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Iris","family":"Mart\u00ednez-Ju\u00e1rez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"San-Juan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Consuelo","family":"Escamilla-Nu\u00f1ez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sandra","family":"Orozco-Suarez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10754","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms241310754","article-title":"Pharmacogenetic guided opioid therapy improves chronic pain outcomes and comorbid mental health: a randomized, double-blind, controlled study","volume":"24","author":"Agull\u00f3","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. 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