{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,21]],"date-time":"2026-08-21T11:52:47Z","timestamp":1787313167423,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,30]],"date-time":"2025-07-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1753833600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Pharmacol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Drug-induced neuralgia is a common and significant adverse reaction. This study analyzed the United States food and drug administration adverse event reporting system (FAERS) database (2004\u20132024) to identify relevant drugs and potential mechanisms.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We conducted an association analysis between drugs and neuralgia using the FAERS database. Disproportionality analysis methods, including the reporting odds ratio (ROR), proportional reporting ratio (PRR), Bayesian confidence propagation neural network (BCPNN), and empirical Bayesian geometric mean (EBGM), were applied. Data from 2004 to 2024 were analyzed to identify drugs potentially associated with neuralgia.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Among the 103,678 reports of neuralgia-related adverse events, 60.29% involved female patients, and 30.40% were aged between 41 and 64 years. The most common underlying medical conditions were plasma cell myeloma (14.28%) and multiple sclerosis (10.65%). The analysis revealed significant associations between neuralgia and several classes of drugs, including chemotherapeutic agents, certain antibiotics, and immunosuppressants, potentially attributable to neurotoxicity, immune-mediated mechanisms, or metabolic disruptions. Notably, lenalidomide exhibited the strongest association with neuralgia, followed by sodium citrate. These findings underscore the importance of early recognition, safer prescribing strategies, and further investigation to mitigate neurotoxic risks.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study identifies key drugs, including chemotherapeutics, antibiotics, and immunosuppressants, associated with drug-induced neuralgia through FAERS data analysis, highlighting the need for early detection, safer prescribing practices, and further research into mitigating neurotoxicity.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2025.1645114","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,30]],"date-time":"2025-07-30T05:30:34Z","timestamp":1753853434000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Identification of potential drug-induced neuralgia signals through disproportionality analysis of the FAERS database"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Yating","family":"An","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ying","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ziwei","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Meng","family":"Meng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jintuo","family":"Yin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yahui","family":"An","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2018.03.008","article-title":"Sex differences in neuropathic pain intensity in diabetes","volume":"388","author":"Abraham","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Neurological Sci."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.clpt.6100258","article-title":"Novel statistical tools for monitoring the safety of marketed drugs","volume":"82","author":"Almenoff","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin. Pharmacol. and Ther."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.4236\/ojs.2020.102015","article-title":"Analysis of data on adverse drug events reported to the food and drugs administration of the United States of America","volume":"10","author":"Baah","year":"2020","journal-title":"Open J. Statistics"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-pharmtox-010818-021524","article-title":"Neuropathic pain: mechanism-based therapeutics","volume":"60","author":"Bannister","year":"2020","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Pharmacol. Toxicol."},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102714","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msksp.2022.102714","article-title":"Neuropathic pain questionnaires for back pain, what do we know?","volume":"63","author":"Baranidharan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Musculoskelet. Sci. Pract."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics11010074","article-title":"Neuropathic pain and rehabilitation: a systematic review of international guidelines","volume":"11","author":"Bernetti","year":"2021","journal-title":"Diagnostics"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.1186\/s10194-015-0563-z","article-title":"Comparison of tolerability and adverse symptoms in oxcarbazepine and carbamazepine in the treatment of trigeminal neuralgia and neuralgiform headaches using the Liverpool adverse events profile (AEP)","volume":"16","author":"Besi","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Headache Pain"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.2165\/00002018-200528010-00002","article-title":"Appraisal of the MedDRA conceptual structure for describing and grouping adverse drug reactions","volume":"28","author":"Bousquet","year":"2005","journal-title":"Drug Saf."},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"03000605221123882","DOI":"10.1177\/03000605221123882","article-title":"Refractory postherpetic neuralgia in a multiple myeloma patient with lenalidomide maintenance therapy: a case report","volume":"50","author":"Cao","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Int. Med. Res."},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1368","DOI":"10.1136\/bjophthalmol-2012-301870","article-title":"Ethambutol-induced optic neuropathy: a nationwide population-based study from Taiwan","volume":"96","author":"Chen","year":"2012","journal-title":"Br. J. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1161","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000003093","article-title":"Lenalidomide long-term neurotoxicity: clinical and neurophysiologic prospective study","volume":"87","author":"Dalla Torre","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"114727","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2021.114727","article-title":"Thalidomide alleviates neuropathic pain through microglial IL-10\/\u03b2-endorphin signaling pathway","volume":"192","author":"Deng","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biochem. Pharmacol."},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0288117","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0288117","article-title":"Clinical application of 4% sodium citrate and heparin in the locking of central venous catheters (excluding dialysis catheters) in intensive care unit patients: a pragmatic randomized controlled trial","volume":"18","author":"Deng","year":"2023","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1261","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000000846","article-title":"Oral fluoroquinolone use and risk of peripheral neuropathy: a pharmacoepidemiologic study","volume":"83","author":"Etminan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1007\/s40264-023-01391-4","article-title":"Enhancing transparency in defining studied drugs: the open-source living DiAna dictionary for standardizing drug names in the FAERS","volume":"47","author":"Fusaroli","year":"2024","journal-title":"Drug Saf."},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5335","DOI":"10.3934\/mbe.2024235","article-title":"Safety and efficacy of carbamazepine in the treatment of trigeminal neuralgia: a metanalysis in biomedicine","volume":"21","author":"Guo","year":"2024","journal-title":"Math. Biosci. Eng."},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1080\/15360288.2017.1315040","article-title":"Antiretroviral-induced neuropathy: a review of the literature","volume":"31","author":"Han","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Pain Palliat. Care Pharmacother."},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0204648","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0204648","article-title":"An integrative approach using real-world data to identify alternative therapeutic uses of existing drugs","volume":"13","author":"Hosomi","year":"2018","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1177\/2168479013514236","article-title":"A review of statistical methods for safety surveillance","volume":"48","author":"Huang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ther. Innovation Regul. Sci."},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101177","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drup.2024.101177","article-title":"Why and how citrate may sensitize malignant tumors to immunotherapy","volume":"78","author":"Icard","year":"2024","journal-title":"Drug Resist. Updat."},{"key":"B21","unstructured":"Neuropathic pain\n          \n          \n          2025"},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2204","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2011.06.017","article-title":"A new definition of neuropathic pain","volume":"152","author":"Jensen","year":"2011","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.2174\/1574884714666190121154813","article-title":"Drug-induced peripheral neuropathy: a narrative review","volume":"15","author":"Jones","year":"2020","journal-title":"Curr. Clin. Pharmacol."},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1014","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2013.277673","article-title":"FDA warning and study highlight fluoroquinolone risks","volume":"310","author":"Kuehn","year":"2013","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"468","DOI":"10.2174\/157015911796557939","article-title":"Toxicities of immunosuppressive treatment of autoimmune neurologic diseases","volume":"9","author":"Lallana","year":"2011","journal-title":"Curr. Neuropharmacol."},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1515","DOI":"10.2147\/JPR.S511182","article-title":"The causal relationship between immune cells and neuropathic pain: a two-sample Mendelian randomization study based on genome-wide association analysis","volume":"18","author":"Li","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Pain Res."},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5682","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm13195682","article-title":"Assessing gender differences in neuropathic pain management: findings from a real-life clinical cross-sectional observational study","volume":"13","author":"Marcian\u00f2","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Clin. Med."},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.2174\/1568009621666210720142542","article-title":"Drug-induced peripheral neuropathy: diagnosis and management","volume":"22","author":"Merheb","year":"2022","journal-title":"Curr. Cancer Drug Targets"},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1732","DOI":"10.4103\/0028-3886.246258","article-title":"Neurotoxicity of the antibiotics: a comprehensive study","volume":"66","author":"Rezaei","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neurol. India"},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"838","DOI":"10.3390\/ph17070838","article-title":"Sex-gender differences are completely neglected in treatments for neuropathic pain","volume":"17","author":"Salis","year":"2024","journal-title":"Pharmaceuticals"},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5901","DOI":"10.3390\/ma17235901","article-title":"The effects of combined use of sodium citrate and PCE plasticizer on microstructure and properties of binary OPC-CAC binder","volume":"17","author":"Shvetsova","year":"2024","journal-title":"Materials"},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"bcr2017223187","DOI":"10.1136\/bcr-2017-223187","article-title":"Ethambutol and isoniazid induced severe neurotoxicity in a patient undergoing continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis","volume":"2018","author":"Si","year":"2018","journal-title":"Case Rep."},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"694","DOI":"10.1038\/nrneurol.2014.211","article-title":"Mechanism-based treatment for chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathic pain","volume":"10","author":"Sisignano","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Neurol."},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e16164","DOI":"10.1111\/ene.16164","article-title":"Lenalidomide in the treatment of anti\u2010myelin\u2010associated glycoprotein neuropathy: a phase 1 study to identify the maximum tolerated dose","volume":"31","author":"Stino","year":"2024","journal-title":"Eur. J. Neurology"},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2407387","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202407387","article-title":"DNMT3a downregulation ttriggered upregulation of GABAA receptor in the mPFC promotes paclitaxel-induced pain and anxiety in Male mice","volume":"12","author":"Tian","year":"2025","journal-title":"Adv. Sci."},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1002\/pds.668","article-title":"A comparison of measures of disproportionality for signal detection in spontaneous reporting systems for adverse drug reactions","volume":"11","author":"van Puijenbroek","year":"2002","journal-title":"Pharmacoepidemiol. Drug Saf."},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3389\/fpain.2020.00001","article-title":"Neuropathic pain: challenges and opportunities","volume":"1","author":"van Velzen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Pain Res."},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jare.2024.04.033","article-title":"Sodium citrate targeting Ca2+\/CAMKK2 pathway exhibits anti-tumor activity through inducing apoptosis and ferroptosis in ovarian cancer","volume":"65","author":"Wu","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Adv. Res."},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.3760\/cma.j.cn114015-20241016-00095","article-title":"Drug-induced neurological disorders: from current diagnosis and treatment to future research","volume":"27","author":"Yao","year":"2025","journal-title":"Adverse Drug React. J."},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1564662","DOI":"10.3389\/fpain.2025.1564662","article-title":"Beyond p-values: a cross-sectional umbrella review of chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy treatments","volume":"6","author":"Ye","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front. Pain Res."},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1540754","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2025.1540754","article-title":"Sodium citrate pretreatment enhances CAR-T cell persistence and anti-tumor efficacy through inhibition of calcium signaling","volume":"16","author":"Yin","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.3760\/cma.j.issn.0578-1426.2013.06.005","article-title":"The safety and efficacy of regional citrate anticoagulation in sustained low efficiency dialysis","volume":"52","author":"Zhang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Zhonghua Nei Ke Za Zhi"},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-6606-4-31","article-title":"Neuronal and microglial mechanisms of neuropathic pain","volume":"4","author":"Zhuo","year":"2011","journal-title":"Mol. Brain"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Pharmacology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fphar.2025.1645114\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,30]],"date-time":"2025-07-30T05:30:37Z","timestamp":1753853437000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fphar.2025.1645114\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,30]]},"references-count":43,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fphar.2025.1645114"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fphar.2025.1645114","relation":{},"ISSN":["1663-9812"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1663-9812","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,30]]},"article-number":"1645114"}}