{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,21]],"date-time":"2026-08-21T11:34:48Z","timestamp":1787312088381,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":93,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,21]],"date-time":"2025-10-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761004800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Pharmacol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    As pivotal medicinal resources in the Gentiana genus (Gentianaceae), Gentianae Radix et Rhizoma exhibit remarkable chemical diversity and multi-target pharmacological activities. This review highlights\n                    <jats:italic>G. scabra<\/jats:italic>\n                    Bunge.,\n                    <jats:italic>Gentiana rhodantha<\/jats:italic>\n                    Franch.,\n                    <jats:italic>Gentiana manshurica<\/jats:italic>\n                    Kitag.,\n                    <jats:italic>Gentiana veitchiorum<\/jats:italic>\n                    Hemsl., and other species, compiling 172 constituents from literature (2004\u20132024) and traditional sources: terpenoids (66 iridoids, 47 triterpenoids, and others), flavonoids, lignans, and alkaloids. Iridoids (e.g., gentiopicroside, swertiamarin) and triterpenoids are key bioactive agents. Pharmaco-logically, Gentiana extracts target NF-\u03baB and MAPK pathways to suppress in-flammation and oxidative liver injury via Nrf2 activation, while inducing tumor cell apoptosis (Bax\/Bcl-2) and S\/G2-M phase arrest to inhibit lung\/liver cancer proliferation. They enhance gastrointestinal repair, regulate motility, and mitigate chronic pain through central-peripheral analgesic synergy. Clinically, gentiopicroside demonstrates hepatoprotective, antiviral, and neuroprotective effects, with applications in herpes zoster, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, and metabolic disorders. This review represents the first comprehensive integration of multidimensional chemi-cal-pharmacological-clinical data on Gentianae Radix et Rhizoma constituents, aiming to promote the expanded application of Gentianae Radix et Rhizoma in the pharma-ceutical field, provide a scientific basis for further development and utilization, and lay a foundation for subsequent research and industrial development.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2025.1656493","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,21]],"date-time":"2025-10-21T05:36:52Z","timestamp":1761025012000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["The chemical structure, pharmacological activity, and clinical progress of Gentianae Radix et Rhizoma"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Hongfang","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiao","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sheng","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Feng","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.13457\/j.cnki.jncm.2022.17.008","article-title":"Clinical study on longdan xiegan decoction combined with Western medicine for Herpes zoster","volume":"54","author":"Cao","year":"2022","journal-title":"New Chin. 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