{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,3]],"date-time":"2026-08-03T21:05:12Z","timestamp":1785791112533,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":273,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,11]],"date-time":"2025-09-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1757548800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Pharmacol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most common reproductive endocrine disorders affecting women of reproductive age. Insulin resistance (IR) is both a hallmark clinical feature and a key contributor to the pathophysiology of PCOS. Currently, metformin, along with other pharmaceuticals and lifestyle modifications, constitutes the primary approach to enhancing IR in PCOS. Despite demonstrating efficacy, some individuals exhibit suboptimal responses, and prolonged usage may lead to gastrointestinal side effects and other constraints. As an important complementary alternative medicine, recent research has highlighted traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) as a valuable adjunctive therapy for ameliorating IR in PCOS. The integration of TCM into the management of PCOS-related IR offers diverse therapeutic avenues, warranting comprehensive categorization and analysis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>This review systematically summarizes the pathogenesis and TCM interventions of IR in PCOS and its adverse clinical effects on patients at various stages. It primarily focuses on recent research findings, encompassing both animal studies and human studies, regarding the efficacy of TCM in ameliorating PCOS in conjunction with IR over the past 5\u00a0years.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>This article collects relevant literature from databases such as PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and Cochrane Library from the establishment to 2025. The search utilized the following keywords: Polycystic ovary syndrome, Insulin resistance, Polymorphism, Genetic, Epigenomics, Hyperandrogenism, Inflammation, Microbiota, Mitochondria. This review focuses on recent literature published within the last 5\u00a0years to maintain the research\u2019s contemporary relevance. Additionally, classical studies are incorporated to uphold the theoretical framework\u2019s integrity.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The current evidence indicates that TCM contributes to the management of PCOS with IR primarily through modulation of gut microbiota equilibrium, suppression of inflammatory reactions (including reduction of inflammatory cytokines), amelioration of hyperandrogenism, and modulation of insulin signaling pathways.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>This review examines current research on the treatment of PCOS complicated by IR using TCM. The findings confirm the efficacy of TCM in ameliorating IR. Discrepancies in dosages and treatment durations of TCM compounds and monomers, as well as batch-to-batch variability in TCM quality, may impact treatment efficacy. Additionally, the translation of animal study outcomes to clinical settings remains unvalidated, necessitating further investigation into the synergistic effects of combined TCM and modern medicine approaches. Future efforts should focus on establishing standardized research protocols and quality control measures, enhancing the evidence base for integrated TCM and Western medicine treatments, and facilitating the translation of basic research findings into clinical practice. These steps are crucial for optimizing the role of TCM in managing PCOS-IR.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2025.1661806","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,11]],"date-time":"2025-09-11T08:46:19Z","timestamp":1757580379000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Research progress on the pathogenesis, clinical impact, and traditional Chinese medicine treatment of polycystic ovary syndrome complicated by insulin resistance"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Zepu","family":"Sun","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bao","family":"Jin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Han","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhen","family":"Qin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuqian","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuehui","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2021.02.008","article-title":"Passing on PCOS: new insights into its epigenetic transmission","volume":"33","author":"Abbott","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cell Metab."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101583","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molmet.2022.101583","article-title":"Declining muscle NAD+ in a hyperandrogenism PCOS mouse model: possible role in metabolic dysregulation","volume":"65","author":"Aflatounian","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mol. Metab."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semerg.2021.10.010","article-title":"Lifestyle interventions in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a scoping systematic review of randomised evidence","volume":"48","author":"Al Wattar","year":"2022","journal-title":"Semergen"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2269","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2022.09.048","article-title":"Micronutrient supplementation to reduce cardiovascular risk","volume":"80","author":"An","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Cardiol."},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106407","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fitote.2025.106407","article-title":"Regulation of the EGFR\/PI3K\/AKT signaling cascade using the Shengui Yangrong Decoction improves ovulation dysfunction and insulin resistance in polycystic ovary syndrome","volume":"182","author":"An","year":"2025","journal-title":"Fitoterapia"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1186\/s12905-021-01252-1","article-title":"Perceptions and experiences of lifestyle interventions in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), as a management strategy for symptoms of PCOS","volume":"21","author":"Arentz","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMC Womens Health"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"280.e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2021.03.048","article-title":"Metabolic syndrome in obesity: treatment success and adverse pregnancy outcomes with ovulation induction in polycystic ovary syndrome","volume":"225","author":"Arya","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol."},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2003-031122","article-title":"Androgen excess in women: experience with over 1000 consecutive patients","volume":"89","author":"Azziz","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1508","DOI":"10.1007\/s43032-023-01450-2","article-title":"Gut microbiome and polycystic ovary syndrome: interplay of associated microbial-metabolite pathways and therapeutic strategies","volume":"31","author":"Babu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Reprod. Sci."},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1915","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1104816","article-title":"Host-bacterial mutualism in the human intestine","volume":"307","author":"B\u00e4ckhed","year":"2005","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1002\/ptr.8380","article-title":"Crocin supplementation on inflammation and oxidative stress: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"39","author":"Bahari","year":"2025","journal-title":"Phytother. Res."},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2010.12.008","article-title":"NF-\u03baB, inflammation, and metabolic disease","volume":"13","author":"Baker","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cell Metab."},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1038\/cr.2011.22","article-title":"Regulation of chromatin by histone modifications","volume":"21","author":"Bannister","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cell Res."},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"911","DOI":"10.1515\/jpem-2020-0524","article-title":"Evaluation of the pathophysiological role of Fetuin A levels in adolescents with polycystic ovary syndrome","volume":"34","author":"Bayramo\u011flu","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Pediatr. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2018.01.008","article-title":"Differential insulin and steroidogenic signaling in insulin resistant and non-insulin resistant human luteinized granulosa cells-A study in PCOS patients","volume":"178","author":"Belani","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Steroid Biochem. Mol. Biol."},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1007\/s40265-023-01841-4","article-title":"Overall and sex-specific effect of berberine for the treatment of dyslipidemia in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized placebo-controlled trials","volume":"83","author":"Blais","year":"2023","journal-title":"Drugs"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem-50-1-113","article-title":"Correlation of hyperandrogenism with hyperinsulinism in polycystic ovarian disease","volume":"50","author":"Burghen","year":"1980","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"733","DOI":"10.1210\/endo-123-2-733","article-title":"Insulin-like growth factor I and insulin potentiate luteinizing hormone-induced androgen synthesis by rat ovarian thecal-interstitial cells","volume":"123","author":"Cara","year":"1988","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1210\/edrv-16-2-117","article-title":"Insulin action and the insulin signaling network","volume":"16","author":"Cheatham","year":"1995","journal-title":"Endocr. Rev."},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-1253(19)30409-1","article-title":"Berberine versus placebo for the prevention of recurrence of colorectal adenoma: a multicentre, double-blinded, randomised controlled study","volume":"5","author":"Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1038\/s41522-021-00231-6","article-title":"Reduced stress-associated FKBP5 DNA methylation together with gut microbiota dysbiosis is linked with the progression of obese PCOS patients","volume":"7","author":"Chen","year":"","journal-title":"NPJ Biofilms Microbiomes"},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1122","DOI":"10.1007\/s43032-020-00380-7","article-title":"GALNT2 gene variant rs4846914 is associated with insulin and insulin resistance depending on BMI in PCOS patients: a case-control study","volume":"28","author":"Chen","year":"","journal-title":"Reprod. Sci."},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"853473","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2022.853473","article-title":"Insulin resistance is a risk factor for early miscarriage and macrosomia in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome from the first embryo transfer cycle: a retrospective cohort study","volume":"13","author":"Chen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Endocrinol. (Lausanne)"},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"956772","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2023.956772","article-title":"Effects of TCM on polycystic ovary syndrome and its cellular endocrine mechanism","volume":"14","author":"Chen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Endocrinol. (Lausanne)"},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2022.10.020","article-title":"Prevalence of polycystic ovary syndrome in European countries and USA: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"279","author":"Chiaffarino","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur. J. Obstet. Gynecol. Reprod. Biol."},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"751","DOI":"10.2337\/diabetes.55.03.06.db05-0453","article-title":"Enhanced mitogenic signaling in skeletal muscle of women with polycystic ovary syndrome","volume":"55","author":"Corbould","year":"2006","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"342","DOI":"10.3390\/cells11030342","article-title":"Protective effects of curcumin in cardiovascular diseases-impact on oxidative stress and mitochondria","volume":"11","author":"Cox","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e250102","DOI":"10.1530\/REP-25-0102","article-title":"Polycystic ovary syndrome: origins and implications: polycystic ovary syndrome: the impact of androgen excess on metabolic health","volume":"170","author":"Cussen","year":"2025","journal-title":"Reproduction"},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"716","DOI":"10.1080\/09513590.2021.1906854","article-title":"Replication study of THADA rs13429458 variant with PCOS susceptibility and its related traits in Indian women","volume":"37","author":"Dadachanji","year":"2021","journal-title":"Gynecol. Endocrinol."},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2920","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2015-1617","article-title":"Cardiometabolic effects of chronic hyperandrogenemia in a new model of postmenopausal polycystic ovary syndrome","volume":"157","author":"Dalmasso","year":"2016","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17070","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M312021200","article-title":"Tumor necrosis factor alpha produces insulin resistance in skeletal muscle by activation of inhibitor kappaB kinase in a p38 MAPK-dependent manner","volume":"279","author":"de Alvaro","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1016\/s0006-8993(99)01118-x","article-title":"Insulin induces tyrosine phosphorylation of the insulin receptor and SHC, and SHC\/GRB2 association in cerebellum but not in forebrain cortex of rats","volume":"826","author":"de La Fernandes","year":"1999","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6439","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms26136439","article-title":"The role of mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress in women\u2019s reproductive disorders: implications for polycystic ovary syndrome and preeclampsia","volume":"26","author":"Deer","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"883","DOI":"10.1007\/s11655-020-3097-4","article-title":"Is there an advantage of using dingkun pill alone or in combination with Diane-35 for management of polycystic ovary syndrome? A randomized controlled trial","volume":"26","author":"Deng","year":"2020","journal-title":"Chin. J. Integr. Med."},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1470283","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2024.1470283","article-title":"Systematic low-grade chronic inflammation and intrinsic mechanisms in polycystic ovary syndrome","volume":"15","author":"Deng","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1080\/19396368.2017.1410591","article-title":"Sex hormone binding globulin - an important biomarker for predicting PCOS risk: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"64","author":"Deswal","year":"2018","journal-title":"Syst. Biol. Reprod. Med."},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"981","DOI":"10.1210\/er.2011-1034","article-title":"Insulin resistance and the polycystic ovary syndrome revisited: an update on mechanisms and implications","volume":"33","author":"Diamanti-Kandarakis","year":"2012","journal-title":"Endocr. Rev."},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"316","DOI":"10.3892\/ijmm.2018.3977","article-title":"Mitochondria-targeted antioxidant therapy for an animal model of PCOS-IR","volume":"43","author":"Ding","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Med."},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1394873","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2024.1394873","article-title":"Fecal propionate is a signature of insulin resistance in polycystic ovary syndrome","volume":"14","author":"Dong","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front. Cell Infect. Microbiol."},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0088724","DOI":"10.1128\/msphere.00887-24","article-title":"Modulatory impact of Bifidobacterium longum subsp. longum BL21 on the gut-brain-ovary axis in polycystic ovary syndrome: insights into metabolic regulation, inflammation mitigation, and neuroprotection","volume":"10","author":"Dong","year":"2025","journal-title":"mSphere"},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e20250015","DOI":"10.62958\/j.cjap.2025.015","article-title":"A comprehensive overview of traditional chinese medicine (TCM)","volume":"41","author":"Dubey","year":"2025","journal-title":"Zhongguo Ying Yong Sheng Li Xue Za Zhi"},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2007-992925","article-title":"Implications of polycystic ovary syndrome on oocyte development","volume":"26","author":"Dumesic","year":"2008","journal-title":"Semin Reprod Med"},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"774","DOI":"10.1210\/edrv.18.6.0318","article-title":"Insulin resistance and the polycystic ovary syndrome: mechanism and implications for pathogenesis","volume":"18","author":"Dunaif","year":"1997","journal-title":"Endocr. Rev."},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E392","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.2001.281.2.E392","article-title":"Defects in insulin receptor signaling in vivo in the polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)","volume":"281","author":"Dunaif","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1186\/s12868-023-00834-z","article-title":"Modulation of GABA by sodium butyrate ameliorates hypothalamic inflammation in experimental model of PCOS","volume":"24","author":"Eepho","year":"2023","journal-title":"BMC Neurosci."},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.1186\/s12905-025-03822-z","article-title":"The impact of carbohydrate quality index on menopausal symptoms and quality of life in postmenopausal women","volume":"25","author":"Elibol","year":"2025","journal-title":"BMC Womens Health"},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"634","DOI":"10.1016\/s0015-0282(16)56213-x","article-title":"Insulin resistance improves in hyperandrogenic women treated with Lupron","volume":"60","author":"Elkind-Hirsch","year":"1993","journal-title":"Fertil. Steril."},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1007\/s12020-013-9973-3","article-title":"Metabolic syndrome and endometrial cancer: a meta-analysis","volume":"45","author":"Esposito","year":"2014","journal-title":"Endocrine"},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1557","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2020.12.015","article-title":"Menstrual dysfunction in polycystic ovary syndrome: association with dynamic state insulin resistance rather than hyperandrogenism","volume":"115","author":"Ezeh","year":"2021","journal-title":"Fertil. Steril."},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejmhg.2012.08.001","article-title":"Single nucleotide polymorphism in genome-wide association of human population: a tool for broad spectrum service","volume":"14","author":"Fareed","year":"2013","journal-title":"Egypt. J. Med. Hum. Genet."},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"410","DOI":"10.1113\/EP091912","article-title":"Impaired glucose tolerance and insulin resistance in a prenatally-androgenized rat model of polycystic ovary syndrome in later life","volume":"110","author":"Farhadi-Azar","year":"2025","journal-title":"Exp. Physiol."},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"156160","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2024.156160","article-title":"Effects of metformin and curcumin in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a factorial clinical trial","volume":"135","author":"Feghhi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Phytomedicine"},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2317","DOI":"10.1007\/s00381-022-05577-6","article-title":"Animal models of pediatric abusive head trauma","volume":"38","author":"Finnie","year":"2022","journal-title":"Childs Nerv. Syst."},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3064","DOI":"10.1021\/acschemneuro.4c00352","article-title":"Pterostilbene ameliorates cognitive impairment in polycystic ovary syndrome rat model through improving insulin resistance via the IRS-1\/PI3K\/Akt\/GSK-3\u03b2 pathway: a comparative study with metformin","volume":"15","author":"Foda","year":"2024","journal-title":"ACS Chem. Neurosci."},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22171","DOI":"10.1016\/s0021-9258(18)41650-x","article-title":"Insulin stimulation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase activity and association with insulin receptor substrate 1 in liver and muscle of the intact rat","volume":"267","author":"Folli","year":"1992","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1315","DOI":"10.1038\/1801315a0","article-title":"Polymorphism in plants, animals and man","volume":"180","author":"Ford","year":"1957","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"958","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.34574","article-title":"Risk of epithelial ovarian tumors among women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a nationwide population-based cohort study","volume":"153","author":"Frandsen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. J. Cancer"},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1399","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwae061","article-title":"Polycystic ovary syndrome and endometrial cancer risk: results from a nationwide cohort study","volume":"193","author":"Frandsen","year":"2024","journal-title":"Am. J. Epidemiol."},{"key":"B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.20517\/jca.2022.10","article-title":"Why animal model studies are lost in translation","volume":"2","author":"Frangogiannis","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Cardiovasc Aging"},{"key":"B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1085","DOI":"10.1093\/biolre\/ioaa141","article-title":"Pachymic acid protects oocyte by improving the ovarian microenvironment in polycystic ovary syndrome mice","volume":"103","author":"Fu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biol. Reprod."},{"key":"B61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1007\/s43032-022-00864-8","article-title":"The association between polycystic ovary syndrome and metabolic syndrome in adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"30","author":"Fu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Reprod. Sci."},{"key":"B62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117698","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2023.117698","article-title":"Traditional Chinese medicine formulae: a complementary method for the treatment of polycystic ovary syndrome","volume":"323","author":"Fu","year":"","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"B63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106801","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prostaglandins.2023.106801","article-title":"Analysis on the therapeutic effect of Cangfu Daotan Decoction combined with drospirenone and ethinylestradiol tablets (II) on patients with polycystic ovary syndrome","volume":"170","author":"Fu","year":"","journal-title":"Prostagl. Other Lipid Mediat"},{"key":"B64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"48115","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M209459200","article-title":"Serine phosphorylation of insulin receptor substrate 1 by inhibitor kappa B kinase complex","volume":"277","author":"Gao","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"B65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1186\/s12884-023-06210-3","article-title":"Association between single nucleotide polymorphisms, TGF-\u03b21 promoter methylation, and polycystic ovary syndrome","volume":"24","author":"Gao","year":"2024","journal-title":"BMC Pregnancy Childbirth"},{"key":"B66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"139233","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2024.139233","article-title":"Effect of (multi pin) atmospheric cold plasma treatment on curcumin extraction and investigating phytochemicals, antioxidants, physical and morphological properties of turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) powder","volume":"449","author":"Garimella","year":"2024","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"B67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2024.10.028","article-title":"Unveiling the complex interplay between gut microbiota and polycystic ovary syndrome: a narrative review","volume":"43","author":"Gautam","year":"2024","journal-title":"Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"B68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1016\/s1054-139x(01)00202-6","article-title":"Metformin to restore normal menses in oligo-amenorrheic teenage girls with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)","volume":"29","author":"Glueck","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Adolesc. Health"},{"key":"B69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1508","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2005-2327","article-title":"Increased activation of nuclear factor kappaB triggers inflammation and insulin resistance in polycystic ovary syndrome","volume":"91","author":"Gonz\u00e1lez","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"B70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1168","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/deaa056","article-title":"Lipid-induced mononuclear cell cytokine secretion in the development of metabolic aberration and androgen excess in polycystic ovary syndrome","volume":"35","author":"Gonz\u00e1lez","year":"2020","journal-title":"Hum. Reprod."},{"key":"B71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtbi.2017.01.007","article-title":"A model of ovulatory regulation examining the effects of insulin-mediated testosterone production on ovulatory function","volume":"416","author":"Graham","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Theor. Biol."},{"key":"B72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"590","DOI":"10.1038\/s41580-019-0159-6","article-title":"The diverse roles of DNA methylation in mammalian development and disease","volume":"20","author":"Greenberg","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol."},{"key":"B73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"118274","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2024.118274","article-title":"Exploring the efficacy and mechanism of bailing capsule to improve polycystic ovary syndrome in mice based on intestinal-derived LPS-TLR4 pathway","volume":"331","author":"Guan","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"B74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"835","DOI":"10.1038\/nature09267","article-title":"Mammalian microRNAs predominantly act to decrease target mRNA levels","volume":"466","author":"Guo","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e129","DOI":"10.2337\/dc21-0373","article-title":"The risks of polycystic ovary syndrome and diabetes vary by ethnic subgroup among young Asian women","volume":"44","author":"Guo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"B76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1186\/s12902-023-01346-x","article-title":"Correlation between biochemical and clinical hyperandrogenism parameter in polycystic ovary syndrome in relation to age","volume":"23","author":"Guo","year":"2023","journal-title":"BMC Endocr. Disord."},{"key":"B77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1186\/s12902-022-01098-0","article-title":"Dysglycemia screening with oral glucose tolerance test in adolescents with polycystic ovary syndrome and relationship with obesity","volume":"22","author":"Gupta","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMC Endocr. Disord."},{"key":"B78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules28020517","article-title":"Icariin alleviates nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in polycystic ovary syndrome by improving liver fatty acid oxidation and inhibiting lipid accumulation","volume":"28","author":"Hai","year":"2023","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"B79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dza.2013.06.025","article-title":"Huang Di nei jing su wen \u2014 an Annotated Translation of Huang Di\u2019s Inner Classic \u2014 basic Questions","volume":"56","author":"Hammes","year":"2013","journal-title":"Dtsch. Z Akupunkt."},{"key":"B80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"512","DOI":"10.1159\/000539361","article-title":"The relationship between thyroid hormones and insulin resistance in polycystic ovary syndrome women","volume":"89","author":"Hao","year":"2024","journal-title":"Gynecol. Obstet. Invest."},{"key":"B81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6400","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jafc.4c12576","article-title":"Recent advancements in the biomanufacturing of crocetin and crocins: key enzymes and metabolic engineering","volume":"73","author":"Hao","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"key":"B82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1186\/s13048-021-00799-9","article-title":"The gut microbial composition in polycystic ovary syndrome with insulin resistance: findings from a normal-weight population","volume":"14","author":"He","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Ovarian Res."},{"key":"B83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1983","DOI":"10.1007\/s10815-023-02843-7","article-title":"Polymorphisms of mtDNA in the D-loop region moderate the associations of BMI with HOMA-IR and HOMA-\u03b2 among women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a cross-sectional study","volume":"40","author":"He","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Assist. Reprod. Genet."},{"key":"B84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1515","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cellsig.2011.05.004","article-title":"Akt signalling in health and disease","volume":"23","author":"Hers","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cell. Signal."},{"key":"B85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"153395","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2020.153395","article-title":"Effects of curcumin supplementation on blood glucose, insulin resistance and androgens in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome: a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial","volume":"80","author":"Heshmati","year":"2021","journal-title":"Phytomedicine"},{"key":"B86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2416","DOI":"10.1002\/ptr.7464","article-title":"Impact of curcumin, quercetin, or resveratrol on the pathophysiology of endometriosis: a systematic review","volume":"36","author":"Hip\u00f3lito-Reis","year":"2022","journal-title":"Phytother. Res."},{"key":"B87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2516669","DOI":"10.1080\/0167482X.2025.2516669","article-title":"Mental state and health-related quality of life in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome under metformin therapy - a prospective study","volume":"46","author":"Hofmann","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Psychosom. Obstet. Gynaecol."},{"key":"B88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1543","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI117495","article-title":"Reduced tyrosine kinase activity of the insulin receptor in obesity-diabetes. Central role of tumor necrosis factor-alpha","volume":"94","author":"Hotamisligil","year":"1994","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"key":"B89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"665","DOI":"10.1126\/science.271.5249.665","article-title":"IRS-1-mediated inhibition of insulin receptor tyrosine kinase activity in TNF-alpha- and obesity-induced insulin resistance","volume":"271","author":"Hotamisligil","year":"1996","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"B90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E794","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.00359.2018","article-title":"Hyperandrogenism and insulin resistance induce gravid uterine defects in association with mitochondrial dysfunction and aberrant reactive oxygen species production","volume":"316","author":"Hu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"B91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"833","DOI":"10.1007\/s43032-019-00086-5","article-title":"Identification of microRNAs that regulate the MAPK pathway in human cumulus cells from PCOS women with insulin resistance","volume":"27","author":"Hu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Reprod. Sci."},{"key":"B92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E1085","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.00034.2021","article-title":"Luteolin alleviates polycystic ovary syndrome in rats by resolving insulin resistance and oxidative stress","volume":"320","author":"Huang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"B93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1186\/1477-7827-8-142","article-title":"Metabolic abnormalities in adolescents with polycystic ovary syndrome in south China","volume":"8","author":"Huang","year":"2010","journal-title":"Reprod. Biol. Endocrinol."},{"key":"B94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1483","DOI":"10.7150\/ijbs.27173","article-title":"The PI3K\/AKT pathway in obesity and type 2 diabetes","volume":"14","author":"Huang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Sci."},{"key":"B95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1082","DOI":"10.19540\/j.cnki.cjcmm.20231115.501","article-title":"Mechanism of kuntai capsules in treatment of polycystic ovary syndrome rat models based on AGE-RAGE signal pathway","volume":"49","author":"Huang","year":"","journal-title":"Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi"},{"key":"B96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1186\/s13048-024-01355-x","article-title":"Bushenhuoluo decoction improves polycystic ovary syndrome by regulating exosomal miR-30a-5p\/SOCS3\/mTOR\/NLRP3 signaling-mediated autophagy and pyroptosis","volume":"17","author":"Huang","year":"","journal-title":"J. Ovarian Res."},{"key":"B97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1080\/19396368.2022.2125855","article-title":"Resveratrol improves follicular development of PCOS rats via regulating glycolysis pathway and targeting SIRT1","volume":"69","author":"Huo","year":"2023","journal-title":"Syst. Biol. Reprod. Med."},{"key":"B98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105392","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yhbeh.2023.105392","article-title":"Effects of early life overnutrition and hyperandrogenism on spatial learning and memory in a rat model of polycystic ovary syndrome","volume":"153","author":"Ignjatovi\u0107","year":"2023","journal-title":"Horm. Behav."},{"key":"B99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"751","DOI":"10.1038\/s41580-021-00390-6","article-title":"The aetiology and molecular landscape of insulin resistance","volume":"22","author":"James","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol."},{"key":"B100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2020.01.005","article-title":"Effects of curcumin on body weight, glycemic control and serum lipids in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial","volume":"36","author":"Jamilian","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin. Nutr. ESPEN"},{"key":"B101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1159\/000435883","article-title":"Phenotypic characterization of polycystic ovary syndrome in adolescents based on menstrual irregularity","volume":"84","author":"Javed","year":"2015","journal-title":"Horm. Res. Paediatr."},{"key":"B102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"799871","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2021.799871","article-title":"A predictive model of live birth based on obesity and metabolic parameters in patients with PCOS undergoing frozen-thawed embryo transfer","volume":"12","author":"Jiang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Endocrinol. (Lausanne)"},{"key":"B103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"962154","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2022.962154","article-title":"Cangfudaotan decoction inhibits mitochondria-dependent apoptosis of granulosa cells in rats with polycystic ovarian syndrome","volume":"13","author":"Jiang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Endocrinol. (Lausanne)"},{"key":"B104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"718","DOI":"10.1186\/s12884-022-05011-4","article-title":"Pregnancy outcomes in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome who conceived after single thawed blastocyst transfer: a propensity score-matched study","volume":"22","author":"Jie","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMC Pregnancy Childbirth"},{"key":"B105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e250121","DOI":"10.1530\/REP-25-0121","article-title":"Polycystic ovary syndrome: origins and implications: epidemiological aspects of polycystic ovary syndrome","volume":"170","author":"Joham","year":"2025","journal-title":"Reproduction"},{"key":"B106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1016\/s1056-8727(01)00206-9","article-title":"The role of PPARgamma in high-fat diet-induced obesity and insulin resistance","volume":"16","author":"Kadowaki","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Diabetes Complicat."},{"key":"B107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e12416","DOI":"10.1002\/rmb2.12416","article-title":"A novel PCOS rat model and an evaluation of its reproductive, metabolic, and behavioral phenotypes","volume":"21","author":"Kamada","year":"2022","journal-title":"Reprod. Med. Biol."},{"key":"B108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1038\/ncb3080","article-title":"Identification of nuclear hormone receptor pathways causing insulin resistance by transcriptional and epigenomic analysis","volume":"17","author":"Kang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat. Cell Biol."},{"key":"B109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"911","DOI":"10.1007\/s00737-022-01264-2","article-title":"The effect of hyperandrogenism and obesity on mindfulness and metacognition in adolescents with polycystic ovary syndrome","volume":"25","author":"Kara","year":"2022","journal-title":"Arch. Womens Ment. Health"},{"key":"B110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2453","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem.86.6.7580","article-title":"Low grade chronic inflammation in women with polycystic ovarian syndrome","volume":"86","author":"Kelly","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"B111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"794","DOI":"10.3349\/ymj.2022.63.8.794","article-title":"Age-adjusted prevalence and characteristics of women with polycystic ovarian syndrome in Korea: a nationwide population-based study (2010-2019)","volume":"63","author":"Kim","year":"2022","journal-title":"Yonsei Med. J."},{"key":"B112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1172","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms26031172","article-title":"A comprehensive review of the contribution of mitochondrial DNA mutations and dysfunction in polycystic ovary syndrome, supported by secondary database analysis","volume":"26","author":"Kobayashi","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"B113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107496","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2020.107496","article-title":"Berberine in the treatment of metabolism-related chronic diseases: a drug cloud (dCloud) effect to target multifactorial disorders","volume":"209","author":"Kong","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Ther."},{"key":"B114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2018.01.011","article-title":"Functional classification and experimental dissection of long noncoding RNAs","volume":"172","author":"Kopp","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"B115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16637","DOI":"10.20452\/pamw.16637","article-title":"Serum expression levels of selected microRNAs and their association with glucose metabolism in young women with polycystic ovary syndrome","volume":"134","author":"Krentowska","year":"2024","journal-title":"Pol. Arch. Intern Med."},{"key":"B116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/j.maturitas.2010.09.005","article-title":"Cardiovascular risk in postmenopausal women with the polycystic ovary syndrome","volume":"68","author":"Lambrinoudaki","year":"2011","journal-title":"Maturitas"},{"key":"B117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1303","DOI":"10.14670\/HH-15.1303","article-title":"Signaling pathways mediated by tumor necrosis factor alpha","volume":"15","author":"Leong","year":"2000","journal-title":"Histol. Histopathol."},{"key":"B118","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e26049","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000026049","article-title":"Therapeutic effects of puerarin on polycystic ovary syndrome: a randomized trial in Chinese women","volume":"100","author":"Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"Med. (Baltimore)"},{"key":"B119","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"154908","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2023.154908","article-title":"Quercitrin alleviates lipid metabolism disorder in polycystic ovary syndrome-insulin resistance by upregulating PM20D1 in the PI3K\/Akt pathway","volume":"117","author":"Li","year":"","journal-title":"Phytomedicine"},{"key":"B120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1186\/s12916-023-02975-8","article-title":"Perturbations in gut microbiota composition in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"21","author":"Li","year":"","journal-title":"BMC Med."},{"key":"B121","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1117996","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2023.1117996","article-title":"Association between HOMA-IR and ovarian sensitivity index in women with PCOS undergoing ART: a retrospective cohort study","volume":"14","author":"Li","year":"","journal-title":"Front. Endocrinol. (Lausanne)"},{"key":"B122","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"112491","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2024.112491","article-title":"Chinese medicine compound prescription HeQi San ameliorates chronic inflammatory states and modulates gut flora in dehydroepiandrosterone-induced polycystic ovary syndrome mouse model","volume":"137","author":"Li","year":"","journal-title":"Int. Immunopharmacol."},{"key":"B123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e13918","DOI":"10.1111\/aji.13918","article-title":"Zishen Qingre Lishi Huayu recipe may ameliorate the symptoms of PCOS model rats via alleviating systemic and ovarian inflammation","volume":"92","author":"Li","year":"","journal-title":"Am. J. Reprod. Immunol."},{"key":"B124","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1461","DOI":"10.3892\/mmr.2020.10953","article-title":"Use of Bao Gui capsule in treatment of a polycystic ovary syndrome rat model","volume":"21","author":"Lian","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mol. Med. Rep."},{"key":"B125","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"784","DOI":"10.1080\/09513590.2018.1459548","article-title":"Downregulation of serum long noncoding RNA GAS5 may contribute to insulin resistance in PCOS patients","volume":"34","author":"Lin","year":"2018","journal-title":"Gynecol. Endocrinol."},{"key":"B126","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"572","DOI":"10.3390\/biom15040572","article-title":"Metabolic implications of elevated neutrophil extracellular traps in polycystic ovary syndrome: a focus on hepatic glycolysis","volume":"15","author":"Lin","year":"2025","journal-title":"Biomolecules"},{"key":"B127","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2011.01.051","article-title":"Modified Si-Miao-San extract inhibits inflammatory response and modulates insulin sensitivity in hepatocytes through an IKK\u03b2\/IRS-1\/Akt-dependent pathway","volume":"136","author":"Liu","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"B128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113821","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2021.113821","article-title":"Guizhi Fuling Wan reduces autophagy of granulosa cell in rats with polycystic ovary syndrome via restoring the PI3K\/AKT\/mTOR signaling pathway","volume":"270","author":"Liu","year":"","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"B129","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103282","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jri.2021.103282","article-title":"Evaluation of endometrial immune status of polycystic ovary syndrome","volume":"144","author":"Liu","year":"","journal-title":"J. Reprod. Immunol."},{"key":"B130","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"975724","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2022.975724","article-title":"Modified Cangfu Daotan decoction ameliorates polycystic ovary syndrome with insulin resistance via NF-\u03baB\/LCN-2 signaling pathway in inflammatory microenvironment","volume":"13","author":"Liu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Endocrinol. (Lausanne)"},{"key":"B131","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117346","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2023.117346","article-title":"Mechanism of cryptotanshinone to improve endocrine and metabolic functions in the endometrium of PCOS rats","volume":"319","author":"Liu","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"B132","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1186\/s13048-025-01587-5","article-title":"Woxuanzhongzhou formula improves DHEAS and high-fat diet-induced IR and anovulatory mice via AMPK\/PGC1- \u03b1\/Irisin pathway","volume":"18","author":"Liu","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Ovarian Res."},{"key":"B133","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1007","DOI":"10.1007\/s00592-023-02088-x","article-title":"Microbiota-gut-brain axis: relationships among the vagus nerve, gut microbiota, obesity, and diabetes","volume":"60","author":"Longo","year":"2023","journal-title":"Acta Diabetol."},{"key":"B134","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"120718","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2023.120718","article-title":"Polysaccharides-based nanocarriers enhance the anti-inflammatory effect of curcumin","volume":"311","author":"Luo","year":"2023","journal-title":"Carbohydr. Polym."},{"key":"B135","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1186\/s13048-024-01407-2","article-title":"CAPN2 correlates with insulin resistance states in PCOS as evidenced by multi-dataset analysis","volume":"17","author":"Luo","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Ovarian Res."},{"key":"B136","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtcms.2021.11.002","article-title":"The development of traditional Chinese medicine","volume":"8","author":"Ma","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Traditional Chin. Med. Sci."},{"key":"B137","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.3109\/09513590.2011.583955","article-title":"PI3K-Akt-mTOR and MAPK signaling pathways in polycystic ovarian syndrome, uterine leiomyomas and endometriosis: an update","volume":"28","author":"Makker","year":"2012","journal-title":"Gynecol. Endocrinol."},{"key":"B138","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1080\/09513590.2020.1730794","article-title":"The polycystic ovary syndrome and gynecological cancer risk","volume":"36","author":"Meczekalski","year":"2020","journal-title":"Gynecol. Endocrinol."},{"key":"B139","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1951","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.humrep.a136215","article-title":"Insulin resistant and non-resistant polycystic ovary syndrome represent two clinical and endocrinological subgroups","volume":"10","author":"Meirow","year":"1995","journal-title":"Hum. Reprod."},{"key":"B140","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S37","DOI":"10.1093\/ejendo\/lvad098","article-title":"The impact of metformin with or without lifestyle modification versus placebo on polycystic ovary syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"189","author":"Melin","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eur. J. Endocrinol."},{"key":"B141","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1514250","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2025.1514250","article-title":"Global burden of polycystic ovary syndrome among women of childbearing age, 1990-2021: a systematic analysis using the global burden of disease study 2021","volume":"13","author":"Meng","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front. Public Health"},{"key":"B142","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.5114\/aoms.2019.87112","article-title":"National and regional trends in the prevalence of polycystic ovary syndrome since 1990 within Europe: the modeled estimates from the global burden of disease study 2016","volume":"17","author":"Miazgowski","year":"2021","journal-title":"Arch. Med. Sci."},{"key":"B143","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"684","DOI":"10.1080\/01443615.2020.1787964","article-title":"The effect and safety of berberine on polycystic ovary syndrome: a systematic review","volume":"41","author":"Mirzaee","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Obstet. Gynaecol."},{"key":"B144","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"754","DOI":"10.1007\/s43032-023-01374-x","article-title":"Comparative study of insulin sensitivity and resistance and their correlation with androgens in lean and Obese women with polycystic ovary syndrome","volume":"31","author":"Misra","year":"2024","journal-title":"Reprod. Sci."},{"key":"B145","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"952","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem.81.3.8772557","article-title":"The insulin resistance in women with hyperandrogenism is partially reversed by antiandrogen treatment: evidence that androgens impair insulin action in women","volume":"81","author":"Moghetti","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"B146","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.1016\/s1043-2760(00)00272-1","article-title":"Potential role of TNF-alpha in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes","volume":"11","author":"Moller","year":"2000","journal-title":"Trends Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"B147","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1113\/EP091158","article-title":"The differential sensitivity of the hypothalamic-hypophysial-ovarian axis to 5-hydroxytryptophan alters the secretion of estradiol","volume":"109","author":"Monroy","year":"2024","journal-title":"Exp. Physiol."},{"key":"B148","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"551","DOI":"10.3109\/10641969709083169","article-title":"Insulin receptor gene in hypertension","volume":"19","author":"Morris","year":"1997","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Hypertens."},{"key":"B149","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1038\/s41574-020-0332-1","article-title":"Changes to microbiota in girls with PCOS","volume":"16","author":"Morris","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Endocrinol."},{"key":"B150","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"494","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arcmed.2021.01.008","article-title":"microRNA-103 contributes to progression of polycystic ovary syndrome through modulating the IRS1\/PI3K\/AKT signal axis","volume":"52","author":"Mu","year":"","journal-title":"Arch. Med. Res."},{"key":"B151","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1186\/s12958-020-00687-9","article-title":"Non-coding RNAs in polycystic ovary syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"19","author":"Mu","year":"","journal-title":"Reprod. Biol. Endocrinol."},{"key":"B152","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1515\/ijamh-2022-0065","article-title":"Depression and anxiety in adolescents and young women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"35","author":"Nasiri-Amiri","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. J. Adolesc. Med. Health"},{"key":"B153","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"562","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tim.2004.10.008","article-title":"Does the microbiota regulate immune responses outside the gut?","volume":"12","author":"Noverr","year":"2004","journal-title":"Trends Microbiol."},{"key":"B154","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"a000034","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a000034","article-title":"The NF-kappaB family of transcription factors and its regulation","volume":"1","author":"Oeckinghaus","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cold Spring Harb. Perspect. Biol."},{"key":"B155","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.1186\/s13104-024-06921-6","article-title":"Acetate attenuates hypothalamic pyroptosis in experimentally induced polycystic ovarian syndrome","volume":"17","author":"Olaniyi","year":"2024","journal-title":"BMC Res. Notes"},{"key":"B156","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2130","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/des137","article-title":"Maternal insulin resistance causes oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction in mouse oocytes","volume":"27","author":"Ou","year":"2012","journal-title":"Hum. Reprod."},{"key":"B157","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5456","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2003-030816","article-title":"Increased luteinizing hormone secretion in women with polycystic ovary syndrome is unaltered by prolonged insulin infusion","volume":"88","author":"Patel","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"B158","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1515\/jpem-2022-0527","article-title":"Prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease increased with type 2 diabetes mellitus in overweight\/obese youth with polycystic ovary syndrome","volume":"36","author":"Patel-Sanchez","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Pediatr. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"B159","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"526","DOI":"10.1007\/s43032-022-00987-y","article-title":"Role of CPXM1 in impaired glucose metabolism and ovarian dysfunction in polycystic ovary syndrome","volume":"30","author":"Pervaz","year":"2023","journal-title":"Reprod. Sci."},{"key":"B160","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1225","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-019-0509-0","article-title":"Gut microbiota-bile acid-interleukin-22 axis orchestrates polycystic ovary syndrome","volume":"25","author":"Qi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"B161","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111965","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2019.111965","article-title":"Liuwei dihuang pills alleviate the polycystic ovary syndrome with improved insulin sensitivity through PI3K\/Akt signaling pathway","volume":"250","author":"Qiu","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"B162","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2605","DOI":"10.1002\/ptr.7474","article-title":"Effects of crocin supplementation on inflammatory markers, lipid profiles, insulin and cardioprotective indices in women with PCOS: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial","volume":"36","author":"Rahimi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Phytother. Res."},{"key":"B163","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"665","DOI":"10.1042\/BJ20082176","article-title":"Insulin resistance in polycystic ovary syndrome is associated with defective regulation of ERK1\/2 by insulin in skeletal muscle in vivo","volume":"418","author":"Rajkhowa","year":"2009","journal-title":"Biochem. J."},{"key":"B164","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.1160\/TH14-09-0797","article-title":"Metformin reduces hyper-reactivity of platelets from patients with polycystic ovary syndrome by improving mitochondrial integrity","volume":"114","author":"Randriamboavonjy","year":"2015","journal-title":"Thromb. Haemost."},{"key":"B165","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1463","DOI":"10.3390\/genes13081463","article-title":"Insulin receptor substrate 1 Gly972Arg (rs1801278) polymorphism is associated with obesity and insulin resistance in Kashmiri women with polycystic ovary syndrome","volume":"13","author":"Rasool","year":"2022","journal-title":"Genes (Basel)"},{"key":"B166","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1501306","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2024.1501306","article-title":"Mitochondrial DNA oxidation and content in different metabolic phenotypes of women with polycystic ovary syndrome","volume":"15","author":"Rojo","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front. Endocrinol. (Lausanne)"},{"key":"B167","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"995106","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2022.995106","article-title":"Add-on effect of the Guizhi Fuling formula for management of reduced fertility potential in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"13","author":"Rong","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Endocrinol. (Lausanne)"},{"key":"B168","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1210\/er.2015-1104","article-title":"The pathogenesis of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS): the hypothesis of PCOS as functional ovarian hyperandrogenism revisited","volume":"37","author":"Rosenfield","year":"2016","journal-title":"Endocr. Rev."},{"key":"B169","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2720","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20112720","article-title":"Animal models for human polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) focused on the use of indirect hormonal perturbations: a review of the literature","volume":"20","author":"Ryu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"B170","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.16422","article-title":"Metformin use in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS): opportunities, benefits, and clinical challenges","volume":"27","author":"Saadati","year":"2025","journal-title":"Diabetes Obes. Metab."},{"key":"B171","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pedn.2023.05.009","article-title":"Polycystic ovary syndrome and body image concerns during adolescence","volume":"72","author":"Saei Ghare Naz","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Pediatr. Nurs."},{"key":"B172","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1007\/s12522-010-0062-5","article-title":"Insulin resistance\/hyperinsulinemia and reproductive disorders in infertile women","volume":"9","author":"Sakumoto","year":"2010","journal-title":"Reprod. Med. Biol."},{"key":"B173","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"799","DOI":"10.1038\/414799a","article-title":"Insulin signalling and the regulation of glucose and lipid metabolism","volume":"414","author":"Saltiel","year":"2001","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B174","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100937","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molmet.2020.01.001","article-title":"Metabolic dysfunction in polycystic ovary syndrome: pathogenic role of androgen excess and potential therapeutic strategies","volume":"35","author":"Sanchez-Garrido","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mol. Metab."},{"key":"B175","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"655","DOI":"10.5603\/ep.99021","article-title":"The role and diagnostics of miR-181d-5p in polycystic ovary syndrome in insulin-resistant women","volume":"75","author":"Sang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Endokrynol. Pol."},{"key":"B176","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23010134","article-title":"Cysteine-cysteine motif chemokine receptor 5 expression in letrozole-induced polycystic ovary syndrome mice","volume":"23","author":"Seow","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"B177","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1153289","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2023.1153289","article-title":"Effect of quercetin on steroidogenesis and folliculogenesis in ovary of mice with experimentally-induced polycystic ovarian syndrome","volume":"14","author":"Shah","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Endocrinol. (Lausanne)"},{"key":"B178","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1002\/med.21985","article-title":"The entrancing role of dietary polyphenols against the most frequent aging-associated diseases","volume":"44","author":"Shah","year":"2024","journal-title":"Med. Res. Rev."},{"key":"B179","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1186\/s12958-020-00684-y","article-title":"Berberine exerts a protective effect on rats with polycystic ovary syndrome by inhibiting the inflammatory response and cell apoptosis","volume":"19","author":"Shen","year":"","journal-title":"Reprod. Biol. Endocrinol."},{"key":"B180","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"388","DOI":"10.1159\/000518040","article-title":"Berberine improves the symptoms of DHEA-induced PCOS rats by regulating gut microbiotas and metabolites","volume":"86","author":"Shen","year":"","journal-title":"Gynecol. Obstet. Invest."},{"key":"B181","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1051111","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2022.1051111","article-title":"Therapeutic effect and safety of curcumin in women with PCOS: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"13","author":"Shen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Endocrinol. (Lausanne)"},{"key":"B182","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e32057","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000032057","article-title":"A network pharmacology study of mechanism and efficacy of Jiawei Huanglian-Wendan decoction in polycystic ovary syndrome with insulin resistance","volume":"101","author":"Shi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Med. (Baltimore)"},{"key":"B183","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1793","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI29069","article-title":"Inflammation and insulin resistance","volume":"116","author":"Shoelson","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"key":"B184","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3124","DOI":"10.1007\/s43032-021-00761-6","article-title":"Effect of curcumin on glycaemic and lipid parameters in polycystic ovary syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"29","author":"Simental-Mend\u00eda","year":"2022","journal-title":"Reprod. Sci."},{"key":"B185","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1827","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgz285","article-title":"Poor sleep is related to metabolic syndrome severity in adolescents with PCOS and obesity","volume":"105","author":"Simon","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"B186","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2349","DOI":"10.2337\/db07-0275","article-title":"Reduced expression of nuclear-encoded genes involved in mitochondrial oxidative metabolism in skeletal muscle of insulin-resistant women with polycystic ovary syndrome","volume":"56","author":"Skov","year":"2007","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"B187","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1016\/j.maturitas.2018.08.009","article-title":"Menopause and diabetes: EMAS clinical guide","volume":"117","author":"Slopien","year":"2018","journal-title":"Maturitas"},{"key":"B188","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"968","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgad664","article-title":"Polycystic ovary syndrome physiologic pathways implicated through clustering of genetic loci","volume":"109","author":"Stamou","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"B189","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1016\/j.beem.2006.03.007","article-title":"Diagnosis of hyperandrogenism: biochemical criteria","volume":"20","author":"Stanczyk","year":"2006","journal-title":"Best. Pract. Res. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"B190","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199407143310216","article-title":"Hyperandrogenism in polycystic ovary syndrome","volume":"331","author":"Stewart","year":"1994","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"B191","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1122709","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2023.1122709","article-title":"Effects of Yulin Tong Bu formula on modulating gut microbiota and fecal metabolite interactions in mice with polycystic ovary syndrome","volume":"14","author":"Su","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Endocrinol. (Lausanne)"},{"key":"B192","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1186\/s12958-024-01220-y","article-title":"Effects of quercetin on polycystic ovary syndrome in animal models: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"22","author":"Su","year":"2024","journal-title":"Reprod. Biol. Endocrinol."},{"key":"B193","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1186\/s13048-025-01621-6","article-title":"Physiopathology of polycystic ovary syndrome in endocrinology, metabolism and inflammation","volume":"18","author":"Su","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Ovarian Res."},{"key":"B194","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1038\/352073a0","article-title":"Structure of the insulin receptor substrate IRS-1 defines a unique signal transduction protein","volume":"352","author":"Sun","year":"1991","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B195","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1159\/000181562","article-title":"A syndrome of hyperandrogenism, insulin resistance, and acanthosis nigricans associated with polycystic ovary syndrome: clinical and laboratory features","volume":"33","author":"Taketani","year":"1990","journal-title":"Horm. Res."},{"key":"B196","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1007\/s11010-023-04736-w","article-title":"Insights on the NF-\u03baB system in polycystic ovary syndrome, attractive therapeutic targets","volume":"479","author":"Tan","year":"2024","journal-title":"Mol. Cell Biochem."},{"key":"B197","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"753","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coph.2009.07.004","article-title":"Cellular mechanisms of insulin resistance: role of stress-regulated serine kinases and insulin receptor substrates (IRS) serine phosphorylation","volume":"9","author":"Tanti","year":"2009","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Pharmacol."},{"key":"B198","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2447","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgad463","article-title":"Recommendations from the 2023 international evidence-based guideline for the assessment and management of polycystic ovary syndrome","volume":"108","author":"Teede","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"B199","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2020.00274","article-title":"PCOS-GWAS susceptibility variants in THADA, INSR, TOX3, and DENND1A are associated with metabolic syndrome or insulin resistance in women with PCOS","volume":"11","author":"Tian","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Endocrinol. (Lausanne)"},{"key":"B200","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2787","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2019-00450","article-title":"Effect of GLP-1 receptor agonists in the cardiometabolic complications in a rat model of postmenopausal PCOS","volume":"160","author":"Torres Fernandez","year":"2019","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"B201","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"887","DOI":"10.1016\/s0025-7125(16)32739-0","article-title":"Human polymorphism","volume":"53","author":"Townes","year":"1969","journal-title":"Med. Clin. North Am."},{"key":"B202","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2012.04.016","article-title":"Dysbiosis of gut microbiota (DOGMA)--a novel theory for the development of polycystic ovarian syndrome","volume":"79","author":"Tremellen","year":"2012","journal-title":"Med. Hypotheses"},{"key":"B203","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10916","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms252010916","article-title":"GDF-15 and mtDNA deletions are useful biomarkers of mitochondrial dysfunction in insulin resistance and PCOS","volume":"25","author":"Varhegyi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"B204","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ando.2022.04.004","article-title":"Role of insulin resistance on fertility - focus on polycystic ovary syndrome","volume":"83","author":"Vatier","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ann. Endocrinol. (Paris)"},{"key":"B205","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1210\/rp.56.1.295","article-title":"Insulin resistance in polycystic ovary syndrome: progress and paradoxes","volume":"56","author":"Venkatesan","year":"2001","journal-title":"Recent Prog. Horm. Res."},{"key":"B206","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2821","DOI":"10.3390\/cells11182821","article-title":"Decreased expression of Sam68 is associated with insulin resistance in granulosa cells from PCOS patients","volume":"11","author":"Vilari\u00f1o-Garc\u00eda","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"B207","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2626","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgac365","article-title":"Excess 11-Oxygenated androgens in women with severe insulin resistance are mediated by adrenal insulin receptor signaling","volume":"107","author":"Walzer","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"B208","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"116940","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2019.116940","article-title":"Hyperandrogenemia and insulin resistance: the chief culprit of polycystic ovary syndrome","volume":"236","author":"Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Life Sci."},{"key":"B209","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8865647","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/8865647","article-title":"Cangfudaotan decoction alleviates insulin resistance and improves follicular development in rats with polycystic ovary syndrome via IGF-1-PI3K\/Akt-Bax\/Bcl-2 pathway","volume":"2020","author":"Wang","year":"","journal-title":"Mediat. Inflamm."},{"key":"B210","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"153222","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2020.153222","article-title":"Puerarin ameliorates hyperglycemia in HFD diabetic mice by promoting \u03b2-cell neogenesis via GLP-1R signaling activation","volume":"70","author":"Wang","year":"","journal-title":"Phytomedicine"},{"key":"B211","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110734","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2020.110734","article-title":"A comprehensive review on pueraria: insights on its chemistry and medicinal value","volume":"131","author":"Wang","year":"","journal-title":"Biomed. Pharmacother."},{"key":"B212","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"153654","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2021.153654","article-title":"Berberine improves ovulation and endometrial receptivity in polycystic ovary syndrome","volume":"91","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Phytomedicine"},{"key":"B213","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1002\/oby.23317","article-title":"Pancreatic fat relates to fasting insulin and postprandial lipids but not polycystic ovary syndrome in adolescents with obesity","volume":"30","author":"Ware","year":"2022","journal-title":"Obes. (Silver Spring)"},{"key":"B214","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e18239","DOI":"10.1111\/jcmm.18239","article-title":"Puerarin mitigated LPS-ATP or HG-primed endothelial cells damage and diabetes-associated cardiovascular disease via ROS-NLRP3 signalling","volume":"28","author":"Wei","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Cell Mol. Med."},{"key":"B215","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semcancer.2020.02.011","article-title":"Curcumin and colorectal cancer: an update and current perspective on this natural medicine","volume":"80","author":"Weng","year":"2022","journal-title":"Semin. Cancer Biol."},{"key":"B216","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2589","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph15112589","article-title":"Geographical prevalence of polycystic ovary syndrome as determined by region and race\/ethnicity","volume":"15","author":"Wolf","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health"},{"key":"B217","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"468","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419-019-1706-y","article-title":"Berberine promotes the recruitment and activation of brown adipose tissue in mice and humans","volume":"10","author":"Wu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis."},{"key":"B218","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.21037\/apm-20-1893","article-title":"The prevalence of polycystic ovarian syndrome in Chinese women: a meta-analysis","volume":"10","author":"Wu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ann. Palliat. Med."},{"key":"B219","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113286","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2022.113286","article-title":"Naringenin regulates gut microbiota and SIRT1\/PGC-1\u0251 signaling pathway in rats with letrozole-induced polycystic ovary syndrome","volume":"153","author":"Wu","year":"","journal-title":"Biomed. Pharmacother."},{"key":"B220","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115057","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2022.115057","article-title":"Network pharmacology integrated with experimental validation reveals the regulatory mechanism of action of Hehuan Yin decoction in polycystic ovary syndrome with insulin resistance","volume":"289","author":"Wu","year":"","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"B221","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2024.12.006","article-title":"The intestinal fungus Aspergillus tubingensis promotes polycystic ovary syndrome through a secondary metabolite","volume":"33","author":"Wu","year":"","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe"},{"key":"B222","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e70177","DOI":"10.1111\/1541-4337.70177","article-title":"Pueraria: a comprehensive review of chemical composition, health benefits, and current applications","volume":"24","author":"Wu","year":"","journal-title":"Compr. Rev. Food Sci. Food Saf."},{"key":"B223","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e13795","DOI":"10.1111\/aji.13795","article-title":"Naringenin alleviates the excessive lipid deposition of polycystic ovary syndrome rats and insulin-resistant adipocytes by promoting PKGI\u03b1","volume":"90","author":"Xiang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Am. J. Reprod. Immunol."},{"key":"B224","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.3760\/cma.j.cn112141-20231222-00272","article-title":"Investigation of the effects and mechanisms of berberine on a mouse model of polycystic ovary syndrome: based on intestinal flora analysis","volume":"59","author":"Xin","year":"2024","journal-title":"Zhonghua Fu Chan Ke Za Zhi"},{"key":"B225","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2950","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgaa337","article-title":"Insulin sensitizers for improving the endocrine and metabolic profile in overweight women with PCOS","volume":"105","author":"Xing","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"B226","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9240569","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/9240569","article-title":"Association of insulin resistance and elevated androgen levels with polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS): a review of literature","volume":"2022","author":"Xu","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Healthc. Eng."},{"key":"B227","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2085","DOI":"10.1242\/jcs.174805","article-title":"Optogenetic activation reveals distinct roles of PIP3 and Akt in adipocyte insulin action","volume":"129","author":"Xu","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Cell Sci."},{"key":"B228","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113587","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2020.113587","article-title":"Traditional Chinese medicine formula FTZ protects against polycystic ovary syndrome through modulating adiponectin-mediated fat-ovary crosstalk in mice","volume":"268","author":"Xu","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"B229","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"bqab118","DOI":"10.1210\/endocr\/bqab118","article-title":"Intestinal flora is a key factor in insulin resistance and contributes to the development of polycystic ovary syndrome","volume":"162","author":"Yang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"B230","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"880518","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2022.880518","article-title":"Homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance is associated with late miscarriage in non-dyslipidemic women undergoing fresh IVF\/ICSI embryo transfer","volume":"13","author":"Yang","year":"","journal-title":"Front. Endocrinol. (Lausanne)"},{"key":"B231","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"412","DOI":"10.1186\/s12905-022-01994-6","article-title":"Up-regulation of miR-133a-3p promotes ovary insulin resistance on granulosa cells of obese PCOS patients via inhibiting PI3K\/AKT signaling","volume":"22","author":"Yang","year":"","journal-title":"BMC Womens Health"},{"key":"B232","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.18388\/abp.2020_5722","article-title":"Naringenin and morin reduces insulin resistance and endometrial hyperplasia in the rat model of polycystic ovarian syndrome through enhancement of inflammation and autophagic apoptosis","volume":"69","author":"Yang","year":"","journal-title":"Acta Biochim. Pol."},{"key":"B233","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1093\/biolre\/ioad048","article-title":"Glycyrrhizin ameliorates impaired glucose metabolism and ovarian dysfunction in a polycystic ovary syndrome mouse model","volume":"109","author":"Yang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Biol. Reprod."},{"key":"B234","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29848","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-81034-5","article-title":"Curcumin mitigates polycystic ovary syndrome in mice by suppressing TLR4\/MyD88\/NF-\u03baB signaling pathway activation and reducing intestinal mucosal permeability","volume":"14","author":"Yang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"B235","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1186\/s13048-024-01563-5","article-title":"Study on the effects of mogroside V in inhibiting NLRP3-mediated granulosa cell pyroptosis and insulin resistance to improve PCOS","volume":"18","author":"Yang","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Ovarian Res."},{"key":"B236","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2254848","DOI":"10.1080\/09513590.2023.2254848","article-title":"The ameliorating effects of Guizhi Fuling Wan combined with rosiglitazone in a rat ovarian model of polycystic ovary syndrome by the PI3K\/AKT\/NF-\u03baB and Nrf2\/HO-1 pathways","volume":"39","author":"Ye","year":"2023","journal-title":"Gynecol. Endocrinol."},{"key":"B237","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1789","DOI":"10.1111\/jog.14730","article-title":"Protective effects of berberine in a rat model of polycystic ovary syndrome mediated via the PI3K\/AKT pathway","volume":"47","author":"Yu","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Obstet. Gynaecol. Res."},{"key":"B238","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"970733","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2022.970733","article-title":"Characteristics and possible mechanisms of metabolic disorder in overweight women with polycystic ovary syndrome","volume":"13","author":"Yu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Endocrinol. (Lausanne)"},{"key":"B239","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39.e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2023.04.010","article-title":"Incidence, prevalence, and trends in polycystic ovary syndrome diagnosis: a United States population-based study from 2006 to 2019","volume":"229","author":"Yu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol."},{"key":"B240","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"166242","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbadis.2021.166242","article-title":"Involvement of kisspeptin in androgen-induced hypothalamic endoplasmic reticulum stress and its rescuing effect in PCOS rats","volume":"1867","author":"Yuan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta Mol. Basis Dis."},{"key":"B241","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"694","DOI":"10.1002\/oby.23380","article-title":"Constant light exposure alters gut microbiota and short-\/medium-chain fatty acids and aggravates PCOS-like traits in HFD-fed rats","volume":"30","author":"Yue","year":"2022","journal-title":"Obes. (Silver Spring)"},{"key":"B242","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1186\/s12958-020-00592-1","article-title":"Decreased brain and muscle ARNT-like protein 1 expression mediated the contribution of hyperandrogenism to insulin resistance in polycystic ovary syndrome","volume":"18","author":"Zhai","year":"2020","journal-title":"Reprod. Biol. Endocrinol."},{"key":"B243","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"546","DOI":"10.1080\/09513590.2020.1843623","article-title":"Preliminary study of Yulin mixture affecting the miR-320\/SF-1\/Cyp19a1 on mouse polycystic ovary syndrome model","volume":"37","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Gynecol. Endocrinol."},{"key":"B244","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2735","DOI":"10.1210\/endo.141.8.7595","article-title":"Interactive stimulation by luteinizing hormone and insulin of the steroidogenic acute regulatory (StAR) protein and 17alpha-hydroxylase\/17,20-lyase (CYP17) genes in porcine theca cells","volume":"141","author":"Zhang","year":"2000","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"B245","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3927","DOI":"10.1113\/JP277879","article-title":"Hyperandrogenism and insulin resistance-induced fetal loss: evidence for placental mitochondrial abnormalities and elevated reactive oxygen species production in pregnant rats that mimic the clinical features of polycystic ovary syndrome","volume":"597","author":"Zhang","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Physiol."},{"key":"B246","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9563","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.202000605RR","article-title":"HMGB1-induced aberrant autophagy contributes to insulin resistance in granulosa cells in PCOS","volume":"34","author":"Zhang","year":"","journal-title":"FASEB J."},{"key":"B247","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1205","DOI":"10.1007\/s00404-020-05730-z","article-title":"MiRNAs expression profiling of rat ovaries displaying PCOS with insulin resistance","volume":"302","author":"Zhang","year":"","journal-title":"Arch. Gynecol. Obstet."},{"key":"B248","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104544","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yrtph.2019.104544","article-title":"Berberine decreases insulin resistance in a PCOS rats by improving GLUT4: dual regulation of the PI3K\/AKT and MAPK pathways","volume":"110","author":"Zhang","year":"","journal-title":"Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol."},{"key":"B249","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1530\/JOE-20-0155","article-title":"Hyperandrogenism and insulin resistance modulate gravid uterine and placental ferroptosis in PCOS-like rats","volume":"246","author":"Zhang","year":"","journal-title":"J. Endocrinol."},{"key":"B250","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7382900","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/7382900","article-title":"Curcumin in combination with aerobic exercise improves follicular dysfunction via inhibition of the hyperandrogen-induced IRE1\u03b1\/XBP1 endoplasmic reticulum stress pathway in PCOS-like rats","volume":"2021","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Oxid. Med. Cell Longev."},{"key":"B251","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1186\/s12951-023-01854-x","article-title":"Functionalization of curcumin nanomedicines: a recent promising adaptation to maximize pharmacokinetic profile, specific cell internalization and anticancer efficacy against breast cancer","volume":"21","author":"Zhang","year":"","journal-title":"J. Nanobiotechnology"},{"key":"B252","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"154556","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2022.154556","article-title":"Chinese herbal medicine alleviates the pathogenesis of polycystic ovary syndrome by improving oxidative stress and glucose metabolism via mitochondrial Sirtuin 3 signaling","volume":"109","author":"Zhang","year":"","journal-title":"Phytomedicine"},{"key":"B253","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2308590","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202308590","article-title":"Puerarin-loaded electrospun patches with anti-inflammatory and pro-collagen synthesis properties for pelvic floor reconstruction","volume":"11","author":"Zhang","year":"","journal-title":"Adv. Sci. (Weinh)"},{"key":"B254","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1464561","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2024.1464561","article-title":"The role of immunity in insulin resistance in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome","volume":"15","author":"Zhang","year":"","journal-title":"Front. Endocrinol. (Lausanne)"},{"key":"B255","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1494852","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2024.1494852","article-title":"The therapeutic effects of curcumin on polycystic ovary syndrome by upregulating PPAR-\u03b3 expression and reducing oxidative stress in a rat model","volume":"15","author":"Zhang","year":"","journal-title":"Front. Endocrinol. (Lausanne)"},{"key":"B256","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2400340","DOI":"10.1002\/mnfr.202400340","article-title":"Nicotinamide mononucleotide improves endometrial homeostasis in a rat model of polycystic ovary syndrome by decreasing insulin resistance and regulating the glylytic pathway","volume":"68","author":"Zhang","year":"","journal-title":"Mol. Nutr. Food Res."},{"key":"B257","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e39030","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000039030","article-title":"Effects of Zishen Yutai pills combined with metformin on women with polycystic ovary syndrome undergoing in vitro fertilization","volume":"103","author":"Zhang","year":"","journal-title":"Med. (Baltimore)"},{"key":"B258","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2462068","DOI":"10.1080\/09513590.2025.2462068","article-title":"Study on the mechanism of action of berberine combined with Jianpi Yishen Huazhuo formulation in treating obese polycystic ovary syndrome by activating PI3K\/AKT signaling pathway","volume":"41","author":"Zhang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Gynecol. Endocrinol."},{"key":"B259","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3623","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-14-2999-T","article-title":"RAS\/MAPK activation drives resistance to smo inhibition, metastasis, and tumor evolution in Shh pathway-dependent tumors","volume":"75","author":"Zhao","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"B260","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1186\/s12978-021-01207-7","article-title":"Comparative efficacy of oral insulin sensitizers metformin, thiazolidinediones, inositol, and berberine in improving endocrine and metabolic profiles in women with PCOS: a network meta-analysis","volume":"18","author":"Zhao","year":"2021","journal-title":"Reprod. Health"},{"key":"B261","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.12047\/j.cjap.6229.2022.029","article-title":"Effects of berberine on LPS\/NF-\u03baB and MAPK signaling pathways in PCOS model rats","volume":"38","author":"Zhao","year":"","journal-title":"Zhongguo Ying Yong Sheng Li Xue Za Zhi"},{"key":"B262","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"854796","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2022.854796","article-title":"Modified Banxia Xiexin decoction ameliorates polycystic ovarian syndrome with insulin resistance by regulating intestinal microbiota","volume":"12","author":"Zhao","year":"","journal-title":"Front. Cell Infect. Microbiol."},{"key":"B263","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1088","DOI":"10.1007\/s11655-022-3582-z","article-title":"Curcumin alleviates hyperandrogenism and promotes follicular proliferation in polycystic ovary syndrome rats: insights on IRS1\/PI3K\/GLUT4 and PTEN modulations","volume":"28","author":"Zheng","year":"","journal-title":"Chin. J. Integr. Med."},{"key":"B264","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1081","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfma.2021.08.015","article-title":"Mechanism of quercetin on the improvement of ovulation disorder and regulation of ovarian CNP\/NPR2 in PCOS model rats","volume":"121","author":"Zheng","year":"","journal-title":"J. Formos. Med. Assoc."},{"key":"B265","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115824","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2022.115824","article-title":"Qi Gong Wan ameliorates adipocyte hypertrophy and inflammation in adipose tissue in a PCOS mouse model through the Nrf2\/HO-1\/Cyp1b1 pathway: integrating network pharmacology and experimental validation in vivo","volume":"301","author":"Zheng","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"B266","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.3233\/THC-218002","article-title":"DNA methylation of AMHRII and INSR gene is associated with the pathogenesis of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)","volume":"29","author":"Zhong","year":"2021","journal-title":"Technol. Health Care"},{"key":"B267","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1305","DOI":"10.1007\/s43032-021-00664-6","article-title":"N6-methyladenosine demethylase FTO induces the dysfunctions of ovarian granulosa cells by upregulating flotillin 2","volume":"29","author":"Zhou","year":"2022","journal-title":"Reprod. Sci."},{"key":"B268","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"116517","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2023.116517","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of Chinese patent medicine Xiao Yao San in polycystic ovary syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"313","author":"Zhou","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"B269","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jare.2023.11.033","article-title":"New insights on mitochondrial heteroplasmy observed in ovarian diseases","volume":"65","author":"Zhou","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Adv. Res."},{"key":"B270","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"123417","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2025.123417","article-title":"Hyperoside mitigates PCOS-associated adipogenesis and insulin resistance by regulating NCOA2-mediated PPAR-\u03b3 ubiquitination and degradation","volume":"364","author":"Zhou","year":"2025","journal-title":"Life Sci."},{"key":"B271","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1569","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199305273282113","article-title":"Polymorphism of the glycogen synthase gene and non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus","volume":"328","author":"Zouali","year":"1993","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"B272","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2360077","DOI":"10.1080\/09513590.2024.2360077","article-title":"Menstrual pattern in polycystic ovary syndrome and hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis immaturity in adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"40","author":"Zuchelo","year":"2024","journal-title":"Gynecol. Endocrinol."},{"key":"B273","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"175825","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2023.175825","article-title":"Therapeutic potential of icariin in rats with letrozole and high-fat diet-induced polycystic ovary syndrome","volume":"953","author":"Zuo","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharmacol."}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Pharmacology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fphar.2025.1661806\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,11]],"date-time":"2025-09-11T08:46:24Z","timestamp":1757580384000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fphar.2025.1661806\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,11]]},"references-count":273,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fphar.2025.1661806"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fphar.2025.1661806","relation":{},"ISSN":["1663-9812"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1663-9812","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,11]]},"article-number":"1661806"}}