{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,19]],"date-time":"2026-10-19T21:08:36Z","timestamp":1792444116916,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":168,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,18]],"date-time":"2025-09-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1758153600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Pharmacol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), characterized by abnormal lipid accumulation in hepatocytes, is prevalent in conditions such as type 2 diabetes mellitus and obesity, which are associated with dysregulated glucose and lipid metabolism. Bile acids (BAs) are critical regulators of lipid and glucose homeostasis. Emerging research suggests that disturbances in BA metabolism not only exacerbate metabolic imbalance but also promote ferroptosis via lipid peroxidation. This review differs by systematically linking BA regulation, ferroptosis, and TCM, highlighting the multi-component and multi-target advantages of TCM in preventing and treating NAFLD. We summarize the mechanisms by which BAs regulate hepatic lipid synthesis and oxidation, and how lipid peroxidation connects to ferroptosis through glutathione\/glutathione disulfide (GSH\/GSSG) and reactive oxygen species (ROS). Finally, we review studies on TCM modulation of BA metabolism and ferroptosis to improve lipid peroxidation and metabolic disorders, providing timely insights into innovative therapeutic strategies for NAFLD.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2025.1669805","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,18]],"date-time":"2025-09-18T05:31:20Z","timestamp":1758173480000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Dysregulated bile acid metabolism drives lipid peroxidation and ferroptosis in NAFLD: therapeutic potential for traditional Chinese medicine"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Jing","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fuxing","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qianru","family":"Zeng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenxiao","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Le","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shengping","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dingxiang","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yihui","family":"Deng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102569","DOI":"10.1016\/j.redox.2022.102569","article-title":"Silica nanoparticles aggravated the metabolic associated fatty liver disease through disturbed amino acid and lipid metabolisms-mediated oxidative stress","volume":"59","author":"Abulikemu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Redox Biol."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1016\/s1665-2681(19)31170-6","article-title":"The nuclear receptor FXR, but not LXR, up-regulates bile acid transporter expression in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"14","author":"Aguilar-Olivos","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ann. Hepatol."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.4103\/0973-7847.194044","article-title":"Overviews of biological importance of quercetin: a bioactive flavonoid","volume":"10","author":"Anand David","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pharmacogn. Rev."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"360438","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/360438","article-title":"Lipid peroxidation: production, metabolism, and signaling mechanisms of malondialdehyde and 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal","volume":"2014","author":"Ayala","year":"2014","journal-title":"Oxid. Med. Cell. Longev."},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7349","DOI":"10.1111\/jcmm.14594","article-title":"Sigma-1 receptor protects against ferroptosis in hepatocellular carcinoma cells","volume":"23","author":"Bai","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Cell. Mol. Med."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2007.11.013","article-title":"Hepatic insulin resistance is sufficient to produce dyslipidemia and susceptibility to atherosclerosis","volume":"7","author":"Biddinger","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cell Metab."},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2116","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2011.02.054","article-title":"Reactive oxygen species induced by bile acid induce apoptosis and protect against necrosis in pancreatic acinar cells","volume":"140","author":"Booth","year":"2011","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"930","DOI":"10.1016\/s0022-3565(25)24517-7","article-title":"Ursodeoxycholate (UDCA) inhibits the mitochondrial membrane permeability transition induced by glycochenodeoxycholate: a mechanism of UDCA cytoprotection","volume":"272","author":"Botla","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther."},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"725390","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2021.725390","article-title":"Molecular and cellular mediators of the gut-liver Axis in the progression of liver diseases","volume":"8","author":"Bruneau","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Med."},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"634","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-005-1682-x","article-title":"Insulin resistance in non-diabetic patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: sites and mechanisms","volume":"48","author":"Bugianesi","year":"2005","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1038","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2015.12.012","article-title":"The multiple-hit pathogenesis of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)","volume":"65","author":"Buzzetti","year":"2016","journal-title":"Metabolism"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1038\/s41575-019-0239-2","article-title":"What\u2019s new in NAFLD pathogenesis, biomarkers and treatment?","volume":"17","author":"Byrne","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"743","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M605023200","article-title":"The liver X receptor (LXR) and hepatic lipogenesis. The carbohydrate-response element-binding protein is a target gene of LXR","volume":"282","author":"Cha","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"328","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.29367","article-title":"The diagnosis and management of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: practice guidance from the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases","volume":"67","author":"Chalasani","year":"2018","journal-title":"Hepatol. Balt. Md"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1224","DOI":"10.1038\/s41430-018-0386-5","article-title":"A pilot study of the effect of phospholipid curcumin on serum metabolomic profile in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial","volume":"73","author":"Chashmniam","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113953","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2022.113953","article-title":"Ginkgolide B alleviates oxidative stress and ferroptosis by inhibiting GPX4 ubiquitination to improve diabetic nephropathy","volume":"156","author":"Chen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biomed. Pharmacother. Biomedecine Pharmacother."},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0197923","DOI":"10.1128\/spectrum.01979-23","article-title":"Ling-Gui-Zhu-Gan decoction ameliorates nonalcoholic fatty liver disease via modulating the gut microbiota","volume":"12","author":"Chen","year":"2024","journal-title":"Microbiol. Spectr."},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1671","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2021.06.012","article-title":"FXR activation protects against NAFLD via bile-acid-dependent reductions in lipid absorption","volume":"33","author":"Clifford","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cell Metab."},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"506","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2021.03.014","article-title":"Ceruloplasmin gene variants are associated with hyperferritinemia and increased liver iron in patients with NAFLD","volume":"75","author":"Corradini","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Hepatol."},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2917","DOI":"10.1093\/cvr\/cvad169","article-title":"The inhibition of inner mitochondrial fusion in hepatocytes reduces non-alcoholic fatty liver and improves metabolic profile during obesity by modulating bile acid conjugation","volume":"119","author":"Da Dalt","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cardiovasc. Res."},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1186\/s12876-022-02137-9","article-title":"Contribution of classification based on ferroptosis-related genes to the heterogeneity of MAFLD","volume":"22","author":"Dai","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMC Gastroenterol."},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33920","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M306370200","article-title":"Targeted deletion of the ileal bile acid transporter eliminates enterohepatic cycling of bile acids in mice","volume":"278","author":"Dawson","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4950","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14234950","article-title":"Recent advances in the digestive, metabolic and therapeutic effects of farnesoid X receptor and fibroblast growth factor 19: from cholesterol to bile acid signaling","volume":"14","author":"Di Ciaula","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1148814","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2023.1148814","article-title":"Epigallocatechin gallate alleviates high-fat diet-induced hepatic lipotoxicity by targeting mitochondrial ROS-mediated ferroptosis","volume":"14","author":"Ding","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Pharmacol."},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1060","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2012.03.042","article-title":"Ferroptosis: an iron-dependent form of non-apoptotic cell death","volume":"149","author":"Dixon","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1343","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI23621","article-title":"Sources of fatty acids stored in liver and secreted via lipoproteins in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"115","author":"Donnelly","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-physiol-022724-105515","article-title":"At the crossroads of health and disease: consequences of fat in the liver","volume":"87","author":"Dukewich","year":"2025","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Physiol."},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1007\/s00535-019-01633-2","article-title":"Hepatic FATP5 expression is associated with histological progression and loss of hepatic fat in NAFLD patients","volume":"55","author":"Enooku","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.4103\/1673-5374.293157","article-title":"Liproxstatin-1 is an effective inhibitor of oligodendrocyte ferroptosis induced by inhibition of glutathione peroxidase 4","volume":"16","author":"Fan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neural Regen. Res."},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"674","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-020-06715-3","article-title":"Bile acid signaling in inflammatory bowel diseases","volume":"66","author":"Fiorucci","year":"2021","journal-title":"Dig. Dis. Sci."},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12737","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.96.22.12737","article-title":"Sterol regulatory element binding protein-1c is a major mediator of insulin action on the hepatic expression of glucokinase and lipogenesis-related genes","volume":"96","author":"Foretz","year":"1999","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A."},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2304157","DOI":"10.1080\/19490976.2024.2304157","article-title":"Disruption of gut barrier integrity and host-microbiome interactions underlie MASLD severity in patients with type-2 diabetes mellitus","volume":"16","author":"Forlano","year":"2024","journal-title":"Gut Microbes"},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1180","DOI":"10.1038\/ncb3064","article-title":"Inactivation of the ferroptosis regulator Gpx4 triggers acute renal failure in mice","volume":"16","author":"Friedmann Angeli","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat. Cell Biol."},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"540","DOI":"10.1007\/s11418-021-01491-4","article-title":"Dehydroabietic acid improves nonalcoholic fatty liver disease through activating the Keap1\/Nrf2-ARE signaling pathway to reduce ferroptosis","volume":"75","author":"Gao","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Nat. Med."},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1201","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2022.07.006","article-title":"Aberrant iron distribution via hepatocyte-stellate cell axis drives liver lipogenesis and fibrosis","volume":"34","author":"Gao","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cell Metab."},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1204","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30925-9","article-title":"Global burden of 369 diseases and injuries in 204 countries and territories, 1990-2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019","volume":"396","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet lond. Engl."},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(23)01301-6","article-title":"Global, regional, and national burden of diabetes from 1990 to 2021, with projections of prevalence to 2050: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021","volume":"402","year":"2023","journal-title":"Lancet lond. Engl."},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1007\/s12072-020-10121-2","article-title":"How does hepatic lipid accumulation lead to lipotoxicity in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease?","volume":"15","author":"Geng","year":"2021","journal-title":"Hepatol. Int."},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.1016\/s1097-2765(00)00051-4","article-title":"A regulatory cascade of the nuclear receptors FXR, SHP-1, and LRH-1 represses bile acid biosynthesis","volume":"6","author":"Goodwin","year":"2000","journal-title":"Mol. Cell"},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15801","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.7b08036","article-title":"Rate of lipid peroxyl radical production during cellular homeostasis unraveled via fluorescence imaging","volume":"139","author":"Greene","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc."},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1186\/s40168-021-01101-1","article-title":"Review: microbial transformations of human bile acids","volume":"9","author":"Guzior","year":"2021","journal-title":"Microbiome"},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1016\/j.redox.2017.01.021","article-title":"Ablation of ferroptosis regulator glutathione peroxidase 4 in forebrain neurons promotes cognitive impairment and neurodegeneration","volume":"12","author":"Hambright","year":"2017","journal-title":"Redox Biol."},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5503","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-021-25701-5","article-title":"A phase 2, proof of concept, randomised controlled trial of berberine ursodeoxycholate in patients with presumed non-alcoholic steatohepatitis and type 2 diabetes","volume":"12","author":"Harrison","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"BSR20210720","DOI":"10.1042\/BSR20210720","article-title":"The effect of the flavonol rutin on serum and liver iron content in a genetic mouse model of iron overload","volume":"41","author":"Hawula","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biosci. Rep."},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajcnut.2024.05.017","article-title":"Curcumin supplementation alleviates hepatic fat content associated with modulation of gut microbiota-dependent bile acid metabolism in patients with nonalcoholic simple fatty liver disease: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"120","author":"He","year":"2024","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101238","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molmet.2021.101238","article-title":"Metabolic-associated fatty liver disease and lipoprotein metabolism","volume":"50","author":"Heeren","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mol. Metab."},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"662","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419-022-05121-z","article-title":"Hypoxia aggravates ferroptosis in RPE cells by promoting the Fenton reaction","volume":"13","author":"Henning","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis."},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"719","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tem.2016.06.005","article-title":"The sweet path to metabolic demise: fructose and lipid synthesis","volume":"27","author":"Herman","year":"2016","journal-title":"Trends Endocrinol. Metab. Tem."},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"956","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2015.12.037","article-title":"Lipid-induced signaling causes release of inflammatory extracellular vesicles from hepatocytes","volume":"150","author":"Hirsova","year":"2016","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"B50","first-page":"433","article-title":"Clinical effect of the extract of TCM Fructus akebiae combined with ursodeoxycholic acid on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"32","author":"Hongguang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Pak. J. Pharm. Sci."},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1700696","DOI":"10.1002\/mnfr.201700696","article-title":"Green tea polyphenol EGCG alleviates metabolic abnormality and fatty liver by decreasing bile acid and lipid absorption in mice","volume":"62","author":"Huang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mol. Nutr. Food Res."},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7427","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jafc.3c01378","article-title":"Quercetin alleviates acrylamide-induced liver injury by inhibiting autophagy-dependent ferroptosis","volume":"71","author":"Huang","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7281","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0401516101","article-title":"Deficiency of carbohydrate response element-binding protein (ChREBP) reduces lipogenesis as well as glycolysis","volume":"101","author":"Iizuka","year":"2004","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A."},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2017.01.022","article-title":"Epigallocatechin gallate induces a hepatospecific decrease in the CYP3A expression level by altering intestinal flora","volume":"100","author":"Ikarashi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharm. Sci. Off. J. Eur. Fed. Pharm. Sci."},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2005.09.001","article-title":"Fibroblast growth factor 15 functions as an enterohepatic signal to regulate bile acid homeostasis","volume":"2","author":"Inagaki","year":"2005","journal-title":"Cell Metab."},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e22544","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0022544","article-title":"Integrated expression profiling and genome-wide analysis of ChREBP targets reveals the dual role for ChREBP in glucose-regulated gene expression","volume":"6","author":"Jeong","year":"2011","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2062","DOI":"10.3390\/nu11092062","article-title":"Indole-3-Acetic acid alleviates nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in mice via attenuation of hepatic lipogenesis, and oxidative and inflammatory stress","volume":"11","author":"Ji","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1490","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-014-3028-3","article-title":"A possible role of chenodeoxycholic acid and glycine-conjugated bile acids in fibrotic steatohepatitis in a dietary rat model","volume":"59","author":"Jia","year":"2014","journal-title":"Dig. Dis. Sci."},{"key":"B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"876550","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2022.876550","article-title":"Targeting mitochondrial ROS-mediated ferroptosis by quercetin alleviates high-fat diet-induced hepatic lipotoxicity","volume":"13","author":"Jiang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Pharmacol."},{"key":"B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102963","DOI":"10.1016\/j.redox.2023.102963","article-title":"Arbutin alleviates fatty liver by inhibiting ferroptosis via FTO\/SLC7A11 pathway","volume":"68","author":"Jiang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Redox Biol."},{"key":"B61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1671","DOI":"10.1211\/jpp.59.12.0009","article-title":"Chemistry and biology of antioxidants","volume":"59","author":"Jones","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Pharm. Pharmacol."},{"key":"B62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.1007\/s12072-018-9892-8","article-title":"Serum ferritin level is associated with liver steatosis and fibrosis in Korean general population","volume":"13","author":"Jung","year":"2019","journal-title":"Hepatol. Int."},{"key":"B63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"404","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2010.03.006","article-title":"Plasma metabolomic profile in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"60","author":"Kalhan","year":"2011","journal-title":"Metabolism"},{"key":"B64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e076388","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj-2023-076388","article-title":"Association of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease with cardiovascular disease and all cause death in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: nationwide population based study","volume":"384","author":"Kim","year":"2024","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"B65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.3390\/ph12010026","article-title":"Curcumin and (-)- epigallocatechin-3-gallate protect murine MIN6 pancreatic beta-cells against iron toxicity and erastin-induced ferroptosis","volume":"12","author":"Kose","year":"2019","journal-title":"Pharm. Basel Switz."},{"key":"B66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.24706","article-title":"Serum ferritin is an independent predictor of histologic severity and advanced fibrosis in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"55","author":"Kowdley","year":"2012","journal-title":"Hepatol. Balt. Md"},{"key":"B67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-9861(78)90250-3","article-title":"Spin-trapping studies of hydroxyl radical production involved in lipid peroxidation","volume":"190","author":"Lai","year":"1978","journal-title":"Arch. Biochem. Biophys."},{"key":"B68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1016\/j.taap.2013.01.022","article-title":"Decreased hepatotoxic bile acid composition and altered synthesis in progressive human nonalcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"268","author":"Lake","year":"2013","journal-title":"Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol."},{"key":"B69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.114.092262","article-title":"Palmitoleic acid is elevated in fatty liver disease and reflects hepatic lipogenesis","volume":"101","author":"Lee","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"B70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"967623","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2022.967623","article-title":"Chaihu Shugan powder alleviates liver inflammation and hepatic steatosis in NAFLD mice: a network pharmacology study and in vivo experimental validation","volume":"13","author":"Lei","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Pharmacol."},{"key":"B71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419-020-2298-2","article-title":"Ferroptosis: past, present and future","volume":"11","author":"Li","year":"","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis."},{"key":"B72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107539","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2020.107539","article-title":"Apical sodium-dependent bile acid transporter, drug target for bile acid related diseases and delivery target for prodrugs: current and future challenges","volume":"212","author":"Li","year":"","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Ther."},{"key":"B73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1378","DOI":"10.1111\/liv.14428","article-title":"Targeting ferroptosis alleviates methionine-choline deficient (MCD)-diet induced NASH by suppressing liver lipotoxicity","volume":"40","author":"Li","year":"","journal-title":"Liver Int. Off. J. Int. Assoc. Study Liver"},{"key":"B74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2022.05.024","article-title":"NAC alleviative ferroptosis in diabetic nephropathy via maintaining mitochondrial redox homeostasis through activating SIRT3-SOD2\/Gpx4 pathway","volume":"187","author":"Li","year":"","journal-title":"Free Radic. Biol. Med."},{"key":"B75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"858","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2022.04.067","article-title":"Radix Puerariae thomsonii polysaccharide (RPP) improves inflammation and lipid peroxidation in alcohol and high-fat diet mice by regulating gut microbiota","volume":"209","author":"Li","year":"","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol."},{"key":"B76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e202200146","DOI":"10.1002\/cbdv.202200146","article-title":"Dihydroflavonoids as bioactive components of Penthorum chinense, a miao ethnomedicine, against NAFLD through bile acid metabolism pathway","volume":"19","author":"Li","year":"","journal-title":"Chem. Biodivers."},{"key":"B77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115333","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2022.115333","article-title":"Penthorum chinense Pursh. extract attenuates non-alcholic fatty liver disease by regulating gut microbiota and bile acid metabolism in mice","volume":"294","author":"Li","year":"","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"B78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4777789","DOI":"10.1155\/2024\/4777789","article-title":"The AMPK-mTOR pathway is inhibited by Chaihu shugan powder, which relieves nonalcoholic steatohepatitis by suppressing autophagic ferroptosis","volume":"2024","author":"Liang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Mediat. Inflamm."},{"key":"B79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1194\/jlr.M081836","article-title":"Interplay between ChREBP and SREBP-1c coordinates postprandial glycolysis and lipogenesis in livers of mice","volume":"59","author":"Linden","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Lipid Res."},{"key":"B80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"188890","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbcan.2023.188890","article-title":"GPX4: the hub of lipid oxidation, ferroptosis, disease and treatment","volume":"1878","author":"Liu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta Rev. Cancer"},{"key":"B81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v30.i5.485","article-title":"Bile acids inhibit ferroptosis sensitivity through activating farnesoid X receptor in gastric cancer cells","volume":"30","author":"Liu","year":"2024","journal-title":"World J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"B82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1016\/s1097-2765(00)00050-2","article-title":"Molecular basis for feedback regulation of bile acid synthesis by nuclear receptors","volume":"6","author":"Lu","year":"2000","journal-title":"Mol. Cell"},{"key":"B83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1038\/s41420-023-01608-6","article-title":"Ferroptosis contributes to ethanol-induced hepatic cell death via labile iron accumulation and GPx4 inactivation","volume":"9","author":"Luo","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cell Death Discov."},{"key":"B84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"280","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2017.11.014","article-title":"Lipotoxicity and the gut-liver axis in NASH pathogenesis","volume":"68","author":"Marra","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Hepatol."},{"key":"B85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"635","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.physiol.64.082201.100300","article-title":"Bile salt transporters","volume":"64","author":"Meier","year":"2002","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Physiol."},{"key":"B86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"24771","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M203295200","article-title":"Participation of two members of the very long-chain acyl-CoA synthetase family in bile acid synthesis and recycling","volume":"277","author":"Mihalik","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"B87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/dmpt-2018-0040","article-title":"The effect of curcumin with piperine supplementation on pro-oxidant and antioxidant balance in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial","volume":"34","author":"Mirhafez","year":"2019","journal-title":"Drug Metab. Pers. Ther."},{"key":"B88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e93626","DOI":"10.1172\/jci.insight.93626","article-title":"Peroxisomal \u03b2-oxidation regulates whole body metabolism, inflammatory vigor, and pathogenesis of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"3","author":"Moreno-Fernandez","year":"","journal-title":"JCI Insight"},{"key":"B89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1398","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2014.12.034","article-title":"Ursodeoxycholic acid exerts farnesoid X receptor-antagonistic effects on bile acid and lipid metabolism in morbid obesity","volume":"62","author":"Mueller","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Hepatol."},{"key":"B90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1186\/s40168-022-01264-5","article-title":"Functional changes of the gastric bypass microbiota reactivate thermogenic adipose tissue and systemic glucose control via intestinal FXR-TGR5 crosstalk in diet-induced obesity","volume":"10","author":"M\u00fcnzker","year":"2022","journal-title":"Microbiome"},{"key":"B91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.3164\/jcbn.20-39","article-title":"Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) attenuates non-alcoholic fatty liver disease via modulating the interaction between gut microbiota and bile acids","volume":"67","author":"Naito","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Clin. Biochem. Nutr."},{"key":"B92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"272","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0396.2007.00752.x","article-title":"Liver lipid metabolism","volume":"92","author":"Nguyen","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Anim. Physiol. Anim. Nutr."},{"key":"B93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"154457","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2020.154457","article-title":"Bile acids profile, histopathological indices and genetic variants for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease progression","volume":"116","author":"Nimer","year":"2021","journal-title":"Metabolism"},{"key":"B94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20800","DOI":"10.1021\/acsomega.0c01689","article-title":"Epigallocatechin gallate protects mice against methionine-choline-deficient-diet-induced nonalcoholic steatohepatitis by improving gut microbiota to attenuate hepatic injury and regulate metabolism","volume":"5","author":"Ning","year":"2020","journal-title":"ACS Omega"},{"key":"B95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15989","DOI":"10.1002\/jcb.28877","article-title":"Curcuminoids plus piperine improve nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: a clinical trial","volume":"120","author":"Panahi","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Cell. Biochem."},{"key":"B96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2015-310283","article-title":"Microbiota-induced obesity requires farnesoid X receptor","volume":"66","author":"Pars\u00e9us","year":"2017","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"B97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1574","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.29857","article-title":"Intestine farnesoid X receptor agonist and the gut microbiota activate G-protein bile acid receptor-1 signaling to improve metabolism","volume":"68","author":"Pathak","year":"2018","journal-title":"Hepatol. Balt. Md"},{"key":"B99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2016.11.037","article-title":"Protective effect of quercetin on high-fat diet-induced non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in mice is mediated by modulating intestinal microbiota imbalance and related gut-liver axis activation","volume":"102","author":"Porras","year":"2017","journal-title":"Free Radic. Biol. Med."},{"key":"B100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3511","DOI":"10.1021\/jo4001433","article-title":"A perspective on free radical autoxidation: the physical organic chemistry of polyunsaturated fatty acid and sterol peroxidation","volume":"78","author":"Porter","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Org. Chem."},{"key":"B101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.nutr.27.061406.093618","article-title":"ChREBP, a transcriptional regulator of glucose and lipid metabolism","volume":"27","author":"Postic","year":"2007","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Nutr."},{"key":"B102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"729","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2011.03.019","article-title":"FGF15\/19 regulates hepatic glucose metabolism by inhibiting the CREB-PGC-1\u03b1 pathway","volume":"13","author":"Potthoff","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cell Metab."},{"key":"B103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"647","DOI":"10.1210\/er.2008-0007","article-title":"Glycerolipid metabolism and signaling in health and disease","volume":"29","author":"Prentki","year":"2008","journal-title":"Endocr. Rev."},{"key":"B104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1176","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.31328","article-title":"Iron chaperone poly rC binding protein 1 protects mouse liver from lipid peroxidation and steatosis","volume":"73","author":"Protchenko","year":"2021","journal-title":"Hepatol. Balt. Md"},{"key":"B105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"534","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.29359","article-title":"The presence and severity of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis is associated with specific changes in circulating bile acids","volume":"67","author":"Puri","year":"2018","journal-title":"Hepatol. Balt. Md"},{"key":"B107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"119514","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.119514","article-title":"Sanye tablet regulates gut microbiota and bile acid metabolism to attenuate hepatic steatosis","volume":"345","author":"Qi","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"B108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"24417","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jafc.4c04929","article-title":"Nuciferine alleviates high-fat diet- and ApoE-\/--induced hepatic steatosis and ferroptosis in NAFLD mice via the PPAR\u03b1 signaling pathway","volume":"72","author":"Qiu","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"key":"B109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-1253(22)00317-X","article-title":"Global prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis in the overweight and obese population: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"8","author":"Quek","year":"2023","journal-title":"Lancet Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"key":"B110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"667","DOI":"10.1007\/s13105-014-0336-1","article-title":"Bile acid supplementation improves established liver steatosis in obese mice independently of glucagon-like peptide-1 secretion","volume":"70","author":"Quintero","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Physiol. Biochem."},{"key":"B111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tem.2007.10.009","article-title":"SREBPs: the crossroads of physiological and pathological lipid homeostasis","volume":"19","author":"Raghow","year":"2008","journal-title":"Trends Endocrinol. Metab. Tem."},{"key":"B112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3891","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0712328105","article-title":"The organic solute transporter alpha-beta, Ostalpha-Ostbeta, is essential for intestinal bile acid transport and homeostasis","volume":"105","author":"Rao","year":"2008","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A."},{"key":"B113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"741","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI118846","article-title":"Causal linkage between insulin suppression of lipolysis and suppression of liver glucose output in dogs","volume":"98","author":"Rebrin","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"key":"B114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"851","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-1253(22)00165-0","article-title":"The prevalence and incidence of NAFLD worldwide: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"7","author":"Riazi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"key":"B115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1007\/bf03401914","article-title":"Ursodeoxycholic acid may inhibit deoxycholic acid-induced apoptosis by modulating mitochondrial transmembrane potential and reactive oxygen species production","volume":"4","author":"Rodrigues","year":"1998","journal-title":"Mol. Med. Camb. Mass"},{"key":"B116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"458","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2018.10.015","article-title":"Impaired endothelial autophagy promotes liver fibrosis by aggravating the oxidative stress response during acute liver injury","volume":"70","author":"Ruart","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Hepatol."},{"key":"B117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4737","DOI":"10.1021\/bi00135a001","article-title":"Bile acid biosynthesis","volume":"31","author":"Russell","year":"1992","journal-title":"Biochemistry"},{"key":"B118","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"799","DOI":"10.1038\/414799a","article-title":"Insulin signalling and the regulation of glucose and lipid metabolism","volume":"414","author":"Saltiel","year":"2001","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B119","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102478","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cbpa.2024.102478","article-title":"Reactions of lipid hydroperoxides and how they may contribute to ferroptosis sensitivity","volume":"81","author":"Saraev","year":"2024","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Chem. Biol."},{"key":"B120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1021\/acscentsci.7b00589","article-title":"Resolving the role of lipoxygenases in the initiation and execution of ferroptosis","volume":"4","author":"Shah","year":"2018","journal-title":"ACS Cent. Sci."},{"key":"B121","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20171965","article-title":"Bile acids in glucose metabolism in health and disease","volume":"215","author":"Shapiro","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"B122","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7333","DOI":"10.1039\/d3fo05235d","article-title":"Mitigation of high-fat diet-induced hepatic steatosis by thyme (Thymus quinquecostatus Celak) polyphenol-rich extract (TPE): insights into gut microbiota modulation and bile acid metabolism","volume":"15","author":"Sheng","year":"2024","journal-title":"Food Funct."},{"key":"B123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1097\/01.mpg.0000170600.80640.88","article-title":"Human hepatic mitochondria generate reactive oxygen species and undergo the permeability transition in response to hydrophobic bile acids","volume":"41","author":"Sokol","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Pediatr. Gastroenterol. Nutr."},{"key":"B124","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22173","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M109.005355","article-title":"Bile acid-induced epidermal growth factor receptor activation in quiescent rat hepatic stellate cells can trigger both proliferation and apoptosis","volume":"284","author":"Sommerfeld","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"B125","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1042\/bj2670453","article-title":"Cytotoxicity and metabolism of 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal and 2-nonenal in H2O2-resistant cell lines. Do aldehydic by-products of lipid peroxidation contribute to oxidative stress?","volume":"267","author":"Spitz","year":"1990","journal-title":"Biochem. J."},{"key":"B126","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0169719","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0169719","article-title":"Preference of conjugated bile acids over unconjugated bile acids as substrates for OATP1B1 and OATP1B3","volume":"12","author":"Suga","year":"2017","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"key":"B127","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"869","DOI":"10.3109\/10715762.2013.837577","article-title":"Involvement of free radicals and oxidative stress in NAFLD\/NASH","volume":"47","author":"Sumida","year":"2013","journal-title":"Free Radic. Res."},{"key":"B128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12014","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jafc.2c04817","article-title":"Nuciferine protects against high-fat diet-induced hepatic steatosis via modulation of gut microbiota and bile acid metabolism in rats","volume":"70","author":"Sun","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"key":"B129","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14365","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jafc.3c04560","article-title":"Farnesoid X receptor plays a key role in ochratoxin A-induced nephrotoxicity by targeting ferroptosis in vivo and in vitro","volume":"71","author":"Tang","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"key":"B130","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1700","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2022.09.017","article-title":"Gut-liver axis: pathophysiological concepts and clinical implications","volume":"34","author":"Tilg","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cell Metab."},{"key":"B131","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tem.2017.03.003","article-title":"Unraveling the regulation of hepatic metabolism by insulin","volume":"28","author":"Titchenell","year":"2017","journal-title":"Trends Endocrinol. Metab. Tem."},{"key":"B132","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3650","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2022.02.003","article-title":"Targeting a novel inducible GPX4 alternative isoform to alleviate ferroptosis and treat metabolic-associated fatty liver disease","volume":"12","author":"Tong","year":"2022","journal-title":"Acta Pharm. Sin. B"},{"key":"B133","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6908","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-42702-8","article-title":"Farnesoid X receptor activation by bile acids suppresses lipid peroxidation and ferroptosis","volume":"14","author":"Tschuck","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"B134","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4785","DOI":"10.1002\/cphy.c220015","article-title":"Insulin regulation of hepatic lipid homeostasis","volume":"13","author":"Uehara","year":"2023","journal-title":"Compr. Physiol."},{"key":"B135","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.3164\/jcbn.18-116","article-title":"Green tea polyphenol (epigallocatechin-3-gallate) improves gut dysbiosis and serum bile acids dysregulation in high-fat diet-fed mice","volume":"65","author":"Ushiroda","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Clin. Biochem. Nutr."},{"key":"B136","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1291","DOI":"10.3390\/biom13091291","article-title":"Lipid peroxidation and antioxidant protection","volume":"13","author":"Valgimigli","year":"2023","journal-title":"Biomolecules"},{"key":"B137","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1143","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1423952112","article-title":"Insulin-independent regulation of hepatic triglyceride synthesis by fatty acids","volume":"112","author":"Vatner","year":"2015","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A."},{"key":"B138","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2016.05.005","article-title":"Intestinal crosstalk between bile acids and microbiota and its impact on host metabolism","volume":"24","author":"Wahlstr\u00f6m","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cell Metab."},{"key":"B139","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26367","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.272.42.26367","article-title":"Upstream stimulatory factor binding to the E-box at -65 is required for insulin regulation of the fatty acid synthase promoter","volume":"272","author":"Wang","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"B140","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"452","DOI":"10.1038\/s41574-018-0037-x","article-title":"Liver X receptors in lipid signalling and membrane homeostasis","volume":"14","author":"Wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Endocrinol."},{"key":"B141","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"543","DOI":"10.1016\/s1097-2765(00)80348-2","article-title":"Endogenous bile acids are ligands for the nuclear receptor FXR\/BAR","volume":"3","author":"Wang","year":"1999","journal-title":"Mol. Cell"},{"key":"B142","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2018.05.008","article-title":"Iron drives T helper cell pathogenicity by promoting RNA-binding protein PCBP1-mediated proinflammatory cytokine production","volume":"49","author":"Wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"B143","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jare.2021.06.001","article-title":"Hyperoside attenuates non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in rats via cholesterol metabolism and bile acid metabolism","volume":"34","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Adv. Res."},{"key":"B144","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101944","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molmet.2024.101944","article-title":"Microbial metabolite deoxycholic acid-mediated ferroptosis exacerbates high-fat diet-induced colonic inflammation","volume":"84","author":"Wang","year":"","journal-title":"Mol. Metab."},{"key":"B145","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20194","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jafc.4c04630","article-title":"Tauroursodeoxycholic acid improves nonalcoholic fatty liver disease by regulating gut microbiota and bile acid metabolism","volume":"72","author":"Wang","year":"","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"key":"B146","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109886","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jnutbio.2025.109886","article-title":"Diosgenin alleviates lipid accumulation in NAFLD through the pathways of ferroptosis defensive and executive system","volume":"140","author":"Wang","year":"","journal-title":"J. Nutr. Biochem."},{"key":"B147","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"00308","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jare.2025.05.014","article-title":"Hyperoside modulates bile acid and fatty acid metabolism, presenting a potentially promising treatment for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease","author":"Wang","year":"","journal-title":"J. Adv. Res."},{"key":"B148","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"570","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2015-1866","article-title":"Hepatocyte-specific disruption of CD36 attenuates fatty liver and improves insulin sensitivity in HFD-fed mice","volume":"157","author":"Wilson","year":"2016","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"B149","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101068","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpha.2024.101068","article-title":"Ursodeoxycholic acid inhibits the uptake of cystine through SLC7A11 and impairs de novo synthesis of glutathione","volume":"15","author":"Xie","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Pharm. Anal."},{"key":"B150","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23158","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M314322200","article-title":"Bile acids regulate gluconeogenic gene expression via small heterodimer partner-mediated repression of hepatocyte nuclear factor 4 and Foxo1","volume":"279","author":"Yamagata","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"B151","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1310","DOI":"10.1124\/dmd.118.082008","article-title":"Glycyrrhizin alleviates nonalcoholic steatohepatitis via modulating bile acids and meta-inflammation","volume":"46","author":"Yan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Drug Metab. Dispos."},{"key":"B152","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106621","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2022.106621","article-title":"Diosgenin alleviates nonalcoholic steatohepatitis through affecting liver-gut circulation","volume":"187","author":"Yan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Res."},{"key":"B153","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27034","DOI":"10.1038\/srep27034","article-title":"Association of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease with metabolic syndrome independently of central obesity and insulin resistance","volume":"6","author":"Yang","year":"","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"B154","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E4966","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1603244113","article-title":"Peroxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids by lipoxygenases drives ferroptosis","volume":"113","author":"Yang","year":"","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A."},{"key":"B155","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"152599","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tox.2020.152599","article-title":"Study on the attenuated effect of Ginkgolide B on ferroptosis in high fat diet induced nonalcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"445","author":"Yang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Toxicology"},{"key":"B156","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2342","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ymthe.2022.02.021","article-title":"Dysregulated m6A modification promotes lipogenesis and development of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and hepatocellular carcinoma","volume":"30","author":"Yang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mol. Ther. J. Am. Soc. Gene Ther."},{"key":"B157","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1993","DOI":"10.3390\/nu15081993","article-title":"Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate alleviates liver oxidative damage caused by iron overload in mice through inhibiting ferroptosis","volume":"15","author":"Yang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"B158","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"616","DOI":"10.1053\/jhep.2001.22702","article-title":"Bile acid-induced rat hepatocyte apoptosis is inhibited by antioxidants and blockers of the mitochondrial permeability transition","volume":"33","author":"Yerushalmi","year":"2001","journal-title":"Hepatol. Balt. Md"},{"key":"B159","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1999","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2024.03.006","article-title":"The global epidemiology of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis among patients with type 2 diabetes","volume":"22","author":"Younossi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Clin. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. Off. Clin. Pract. J. Am. Gastroenterol. Assoc."},{"key":"B160","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1186\/s12884-025-07143-9","article-title":"High taurocholic acid concentration induces ferroptosis by downregulating FTH1 expression in intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy","volume":"25","author":"Zeng","year":"2025","journal-title":"BMC Pregnancy Childbirth"},{"key":"B161","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1006","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0506982103","article-title":"Activation of the nuclear receptor FXR improves hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia in diabetic mice","volume":"103","author":"Zhang","year":"2006","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A."},{"key":"B162","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e00070","DOI":"10.1128\/mSystems.00070-16","article-title":"Farnesoid X receptor signaling shapes the gut microbiota and controls hepatic lipid metabolism","volume":"1","author":"Zhang","year":"2016","journal-title":"mSystems"},{"key":"B163","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1038\/s41556-021-00818-3","article-title":"PKC\u03b2II phosphorylates ACSL4 to amplify lipid peroxidation to induce ferroptosis","volume":"24","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Cell Biol."},{"key":"B164","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7723","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jafc.3c00952","article-title":"Dietary isoquercetin reduces hepatic cholesterol and triglyceride in NAFLD mice by modulating bile acid metabolism via intestinal FXR-FGF15 signaling","volume":"71","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"key":"B165","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5745","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.15945","article-title":"Diosgenin ameliorating non-alcoholic fatty liver disease via Nrf2-mediated regulation of oxidative stress and ferroptosis","volume":"26","author":"Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Diabetes Obes. Metab."},{"key":"B166","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1487","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-021-21744-w","article-title":"Hyocholic acid species as novel biomarkers for metabolic disorders","volume":"12","author":"Zheng","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"B167","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5451","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-41061-8","article-title":"Hyodeoxycholic acid ameliorates nonalcoholic fatty liver disease by inhibiting RAN-mediated PPAR\u03b1 nucleus-cytoplasm shuttling","volume":"14","author":"Zhong","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"B168","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"854790","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2022.854790","article-title":"Diosgenin ameliorates non-alcoholic fatty liver disease by modulating the gut microbiota and related lipid\/amino acid metabolism in high fat diet-fed rats","volume":"13","author":"Zhou","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Pharmacol."},{"key":"B169","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2018.02.019","article-title":"Quercetin ameliorates HFD-induced NAFLD by promoting hepatic VLDL assembly and lipophagy via the IRE1a\/XBP1s pathway","volume":"114","author":"Zhu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Food Chem. Toxicol. Int. J. Publ. Br. Ind. Biol. Res. Assoc."},{"key":"B170","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102582","DOI":"10.1016\/j.redox.2022.102582","article-title":"Microbiota-induced lipid peroxidation impairs obeticholic acid-mediated antifibrotic effect towards nonalcoholic steatohepatitis in mice","volume":"59","author":"Zhuge","year":"2022","journal-title":"Redox Biol."}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Pharmacology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fphar.2025.1669805\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,18]],"date-time":"2025-09-18T05:31:22Z","timestamp":1758173482000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fphar.2025.1669805\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,18]]},"references-count":168,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fphar.2025.1669805"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fphar.2025.1669805","relation":{},"ISSN":["1663-9812"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1663-9812","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,18]]},"article-number":"1669805"}}