{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T12:04:43Z","timestamp":1792670683642,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,26]],"date-time":"2025-11-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764115200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Pharmacol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The objective of this study was to assess the safety and efficacy of\n                      <jats:italic>Centella asiatica<\/jats:italic>\n                      (L.) Urb. [Apiaceae] (CA) as a complementary dietary supplement for glycemic and lipid control in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Patients and methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial was conducted at Walailak University Hospital, Thailand. Participants were assigned 1:1 to receive\n                      <jats:italic>C. asiatica<\/jats:italic>\n                      (CA) extract 1,200\u00a0mg\/day or matched placebo for 6\u00a0months. The primary outcome was glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c). Secondary outcomes were fasting plasma glucose, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and adverse events.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Seventy participants completed the trial (CA n = 34; placebo n = 36). Median age was 57 vs. 60\u00a0years, with women comprising 55.9% vs. 41.7% (CA vs. placebo). At 6\u00a0months, an unadjusted between-group difference in HbA1c was observed (p = 0.006); however, in the prespecified adjusted analysis (ANCOVA controlling for baseline HbA1c, diabetes duration, and sulfonylurea use) there were no between-group differences in HbA1c, fasting plasma glucose, or LDL-C. Although small within-group reductions in LDL-C were noted, the adjusted between-group comparison was not significant (p = 0.536), so lipid findings are exploratory. CA was well tolerated; mild, transient gastrointestinal symptoms were most common (5\/34, 14.7%).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>CA supplementation was safe but did not produce a significant change in glycemic or lipid outcomes compared to placebo. Further studies with larger sample sizes, longer durations, and higher doses are warranted to verify potential metabolic effects.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Clinical Trial Registration<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This trial was registered with the Thai Clinical Trials Registry (TCTR20221219003);\n                      <jats:ext-link>https:\/\/www.thaiclinicaltrials.org\/show\/TCTR20221219003<\/jats:ext-link>\n                      .\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2025.1680647","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,26]],"date-time":"2025-11-26T06:35:53Z","timestamp":1764138953000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Efficacy and safety of Centella asiatica (L.) Urb. 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