{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,6]],"date-time":"2026-01-06T06:48:00Z","timestamp":1767682080975,"version":"3.48.0"},"reference-count":84,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,6]],"date-time":"2026-01-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767657600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Pharmacol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Radiation dermatitis is a significant dose-limiting toxicity of radiotherapy that compromises treatment efficacy and patient quality of life. Although topical anti-inflammatory agents and emollients provide symptomatic relief, they fail to address the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms. SHFKO, a botanical extract with documented antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, has been used in traditional medicine but its molecular mechanisms of action remain poorly characterized. This study systematically investigated the therapeutic potential of SHFKO in mitigating radiation-induced skin injury through integrated chemical, molecular, and histopathological analyses.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) was used to characterize the bioactive components of SHFKO. A mouse model of radiodermatitis was monitored for cutaneous manifestations and healing. Expression levels of inflammatory mediators (MMP13, IL-6, IL-1\u03b2), antioxidant enzymes (catalase, HO-1, SOD-1, Nrf2), and apoptotic regulators (cleaved-caspase 3, Bcl-2) were measured using RT-PCR and Western blotting to assess radiation-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis. The effects of SHFKO on MAPK\/NF-\u03baB\/PI3K-AKT signaling pathways were evaluated by Western blotting and immunohistochemistry.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      UPLC analysis confirmed a diverse bioactive profile of SHFKO.\n                      <jats:italic>In vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                      experiments demonstrated significant attenuation of cutaneous inflammation and enhanced tissue regeneration. RT-PCR and Western blot analyses revealed dose-dependent anti-inflammatory effects of SHFKO, with the high-dose treatment achieving effects comparable to the reference drug, MFC (p &amp;gt; 0.05). Mechanistic studies revealed pathway-specific modulation, with anti-radiodermatitis effects primarily mediated by inhibition of MAPK\/PI3K-AKT phosphorylation rather than the NF-\u03baB pathway. Immunohistochemical staining confirmed that SHFKO normalized the radiation-induced upregulation of MMP13, IL-6, IL-1\u03b2, integrin \u03b21, and CXCL9. Additionally, SHFKO exhibited anti-apoptotic activity, which accelerated cutaneous repair.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study demonstrated significant therapeutic effects of SHFKO in treating radiodermatitis, characterized by accelerated healing of acute radiation-induced cutaneous injuries. The multi-targeted mechanisms involved apoptosis inhibition, reduction of pro-inflammatory mediators, MAPK\/PI3K-AKT pathway inhibition, and restoration of ROS homeostasis. These findings suggest SHFKO as a promising candidate for clinical development in radiation dermatitis treatment, offering a multi-target therapeutic approach distinct from conventional approaches.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2025.1684426","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,6]],"date-time":"2026-01-06T06:44:30Z","timestamp":1767681870000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Sanhuang Fukang oil alleviates X-ray-induced skin injury by reducing inflammation and apoptosis: an in vivo study"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Ruochen","family":"Zhu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mandi","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Deng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xintong","family":"Jian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chiwei","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xinlei","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Milin","family":"Lai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mei","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"324","DOI":"10.4161\/cc.3.3.657","article-title":"Arsenic trioxide and paclitaxel induce apoptosis by different mechanisms","volume":"3","author":"Akay","year":"2004","journal-title":"Cell Cycle (Georgetown, Tex.)"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1177\/1534735413490235","article-title":"The use of antioxidants in radiotherapy-induced skin toxicity","volume":"13","author":"Amber","year":"2014","journal-title":"Integr. 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