{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T20:55:11Z","timestamp":1792788911768,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":286,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,5]],"date-time":"2026-01-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767571200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Pharmacol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Osteoarthritis (OA) is a progressive, whole-joint disorder driven by a convergence of biomechanical stress, inflammation, metabolic dysfunction, and cellular senescence. This review integrates recent advances in our understanding of the distinct yet interconnected pathological processes affecting articular cartilage, subchondral bone, synovium, infrapatellar fat pad, menisci, ligaments, and peri-articular musculature. Emerging mechanisms, such as chondrocyte ferroptosis, neurovascular remodeling, and synovial-mesenchymal reprogramming, are highlighted for their roles in disease propagation and chronic pain. We critically appraise current therapeutic modalities, including evidence-based non-pharmacological strategies, pharmacologic agents, intra-articular biologics, and surgical interventions. In parallel, we explore the promise of precision medicine, multi-omics profiling, advanced imaging biomarkers, regenerative therapies, and artificial intelligence in reshaping diagnostic and treatment paradigms. This comprehensive synthesis underscores the shift toward a mechanistic, individualized approach to OA management and identifies key translational opportunities for disease modification and early intervention.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2025.1697192","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,5]],"date-time":"2026-01-05T05:32:14Z","timestamp":1767591134000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Osteoarthritis: multitissue pathology, molecular mechanisms, clinical management, and emerging precision and regenerative therapies"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Lina","family":"Qiu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ahmad","family":"Alhaskawi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Safwat Adel Abdo","family":"Moqbel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0173726","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0173726","article-title":"Subchondral bone histology and grading in osteoarthritis","volume":"12","author":"Aho","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1038\/ncprheum0534","article-title":"Mechanisms of disease: role of chondrocytes in the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis\u2014structure, chaos and senescence","volume":"3","author":"Aigner","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nat. Clin. Pract. Rheumatol."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E469","DOI":"10.1503\/cmaj.180635","article-title":"Enhanced recovery after surgery: implementing a new standard of surgical care","volume":"191","author":"Altman","year":"2019","journal-title":"CMAJ"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1016\/j.berh.2015.04.022","article-title":"Physical exercise as non-pharmacological treatment of chronic pain: why and when","volume":"29","author":"Ambrose","year":"2015","journal-title":"Best. Pract. Res. Clin. Rheumatol."},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1177\/1759720X09359889","article-title":"Current evidence for osteoarthritis treatments","volume":"2","author":"Anandacoomarasamy","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ther. Adv. Musculoskelet. Dis."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1186\/s42836-019-0003-7","article-title":"Reducing the risk of infection after total joint arthroplasty: preoperative optimization","volume":"1","author":"Antonelli","year":"2019","journal-title":"Arthroplasty"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/j.berh.2005.09.007","article-title":"Osteoarthritis: epidemiology","volume":"20","author":"Arden","year":"2006","journal-title":"Best Pract. Res. Clin. Rheumatol."},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/kez462","article-title":"Exosomes in intercellular communication and implications for osteoarthritis","volume":"59","author":"Asghar","year":"2020","journal-title":"Rheumatol. Oxf."},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"905356","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.905356","article-title":"Synovial macrophages: past life, current situation, and application in inflammatory arthritis","volume":"13","author":"Bai","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.7326\/M14-1231","article-title":"Comparative effectiveness of pharmacologic interventions for knee osteoarthritis: a systematic review and network meta-analysis","volume":"162","author":"Bannuru","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ann. Intern Med."},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1578","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2019.06.011","article-title":"OARSI guidelines for the non-surgical management of knee, hip, and polyarticular osteoarthritis","volume":"27","author":"Bannuru","year":"2019","journal-title":"Osteoarthr. Cartil."},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1007\/s40744-020-00196-6","article-title":"Topical diclofenac, an efficacious treatment for osteoarthritis: a narrative review","volume":"7","author":"Bariguian Revel","year":"2020","journal-title":"Rheumatol. Ther."},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1016\/j.berh.2014.01.009","article-title":"Exercise in osteoarthritis: moving from prescription to adherence","volume":"28","author":"Bennell","year":"2014","journal-title":"Best Pract. Res. Clin. Rheumatol."},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e12060","DOI":"10.1002\/jeo2.12060","article-title":"Intra-articular corticosteroids for the treatment of osteoarthritis: a systematic review and meta-analysis on the comparison of different molecules and doses","volume":"11","author":"Bensa","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Exp. Orthop."},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101564","DOI":"10.1016\/j.berh.2020.101564","article-title":"Nonpharmacological and nonsurgical approaches in OA","volume":"34","author":"Bierma-Zeinstra","year":"2020","journal-title":"Best Pract. Res. Clin. Rheumatol."},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4881","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-019-12873-4","article-title":"Intestinal microbiome composition and its relation to joint pain and inflammation","volume":"10","author":"Boer","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1071","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines10051071","article-title":"The Corpus adiposum infrapatellare (Hoffa\u2019s fat Pad)-The role of the infrapatellar fat pad in osteoarthritis pathogenesis","volume":"10","author":"Braun","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biomedicines"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1080\/17453674.2016.1265877","article-title":"Cartilage repair in the degenerative ageing knee","volume":"87","author":"Brittberg","year":"2016","journal-title":"Acta Orthop."},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.5435\/JAAOS-D-22-01020","article-title":"American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons Clinical Practice Guideline summary: management of anterior cruciate ligament injuries","volume":"31","author":"Brophy","year":"2023","journal-title":"JAAOS - J. Am. Acad. Orthop. Surg."},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"982","DOI":"10.3390\/life12070982","article-title":"The surgical treatment of osteoarthritis","volume":"12","author":"Brumat","year":"2022","journal-title":"Life (Basel)"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1007\/s12178-025-09966-7","article-title":"Long-term results for meniscus repair","volume":"18","author":"Cabarcas","year":"2025","journal-title":"Curr. Rev. Musculoskelet. Med."},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2009","DOI":"10.1007\/s11999-014-4106-8","article-title":"Lateral opening-wedge distal femoral osteotomy: pain relief, functional improvement, and survivorship at 5 years","volume":"473","author":"Cameron","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin. Orthop. Relat. Res."},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1186\/s13287-025-04252-2","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of mesenchymal stem cells in knee osteoarthritis: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"16","author":"Cao","year":"","journal-title":"Stem Cell Res. Ther."},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4643","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.16535","article-title":"Interaction between dietary omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, obesity and gut microbiota in preclinical models: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials","volume":"27","author":"Cao","year":"","journal-title":"Diabetes Obes. Metab."},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.23341","article-title":"Review of current understanding of post-traumatic osteoarthritis resulting from sports injuries","volume":"35","author":"Carbone","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Orthop. Res."},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2020.00021","article-title":"New developments in transcriptomic analysis of synovial tissue","volume":"7","author":"Carr","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Med. (Lausanne)"},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1533-2500.2010.00401.x","article-title":"A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study of the efficacy and safety of duloxetine for the treatment of chronic pain due to osteoarthritis of the knee","volume":"11","author":"Chappell","year":"2011","journal-title":"Pain Pract."},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2019.02.036","article-title":"Chondrocyte dedifferentiation and osteoarthritis (OA)","volume":"165","author":"Charlier","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biochem. Pharmacol."},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e00239","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bprint.2022.e00239","article-title":"3D bioprinting for the repair of articular cartilage and osteochondral tissue","volume":"28","author":"Chartrain","year":"2022","journal-title":"Bioprinting"},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e24503","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.24503","article-title":"Role and effectiveness of intra-articular injection of hyaluronic acid in the treatment of knee osteoarthritis: a systematic review","volume":"14","author":"Chavda","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.3724\/abbs.2024017","article-title":"Subchondral osteoclasts and osteoarthritis: new insights and potential therapeutic avenues","volume":"56","author":"Chen","year":"","journal-title":"Acta Biochim. Biophys. Sin. (Shanghai)"},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"591","DOI":"10.1186\/s13018-024-05081-4","article-title":"Omega-3 fatty acids protect cartilage from acute injurie by reducing the mechanical sensitivity of chondrocytes","volume":"19","author":"Chen","year":"","journal-title":"J. Orthop. Surg. Res."},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S385","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2025.02.560","article-title":"Identification of dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 (DPP-4) related pathways in osteoarthritis chondrocytes using rna-seq analysis","volume":"33","author":"Chen","year":"2025","journal-title":"Osteoarthr. Cartil."},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.4055\/cios.2012.4.2.167","article-title":"Mucoid degeneration of both ACL and PCL","volume":"4","author":"Cho","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin. Orthop. Surg."},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1689","DOI":"10.1038\/s12276-021-00710-y","article-title":"Disease-modifying therapeutic strategies in osteoarthritis: current status and future directions","volume":"53","author":"Cho","year":"2021","journal-title":"Exp. Mol. Med."},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"766","DOI":"10.1089\/ten.TEB.2021.0101","article-title":"Biomechanical aspects of osteochondral regeneration: implications and strategies for three-dimensional bioprinting","volume":"28","author":"Choe","year":"2022","journal-title":"Tissue Eng. Part B Rev."},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10868","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-67730-y","article-title":"Synovial cell cross-talk with cartilage plays a major role in the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis","volume":"10","author":"Chou","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"152652","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2025.152652","article-title":"Transformative approaches for effective clinical trials to reduce the disease burden of osteoarthritis","volume":"71","author":"Chu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Semin. Arthritis Rheum."},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6013","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm11206013","article-title":"Osteoarthritis: new insight on its pathophysiology","volume":"11","author":"Coaccioli","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Clin. Med."},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14560","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-94125-4","article-title":"Taxonomic changes in the gut microbiota are associated with cartilage damage independent of adiposity, high fat diet, and joint injury","volume":"11","author":"Collins","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1007\/s40266-019-00658-9","article-title":"Safety of paracetamol in osteoarthritis: what does the literature say?","volume":"36","author":"Conaghan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Drugs Aging"},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1897","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.25101","article-title":"Core recommendations for osteoarthritis care: a systematic review of Clinical Practice Guidelines","volume":"75","author":"Conley","year":"2023","journal-title":"Arthritis Care Res. Hob."},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1136\/jisakos-2019-000377","article-title":"Management of osteoarthritis - biological approaches: current concepts","volume":"5","author":"Cotter","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. ISAKOS"},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100056","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ocarto.2020.100056","article-title":"On the waiting list for joint replacement for knee osteoarthritis: are first-line treatment recommendations implemented?","volume":"2","author":"Cronstr\u00f6m","year":"2020","journal-title":"Osteoarthr. Cartil. Open"},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12896","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-17046-w","article-title":"Using the articularis genu to test peri-articular muscle health during knee osteoarthritis","volume":"12","author":"Cruz Ayala","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.12688\/hrbopenres.13377.1","article-title":"Barriers and facilitators to the implementation of osteoarthritis management programmes in primary or community care settings: a systematic review and qualitative framework synthesis protocol","volume":"4","author":"Cunningham","year":"2021","journal-title":"HRB Open Res."},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1413","DOI":"10.1038\/s41587-025-02740-7","article-title":"Senolytics under scrutiny in the quest to slow aging","volume":"43","author":"de Magalh\u00e3es","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat. Biotechnol."},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"Cd007400","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD007400.pub3","article-title":"Topical NSAIDs for chronic musculoskeletal pain in adults","volume":"4","author":"Derry","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst. Rev."},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-29446-4_4","article-title":"Unicompartmental knee arthroplasty in medial osteoarthritis: the basics","volume-title":"ESSKA instructional course lecture book: geneva 2012","author":"Deschamps","year":"2012"},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1016\/j.reth.2020.07.007","article-title":"Degenerative osteoarthritis a reversible chronic disease","volume":"15","author":"Di Nicola","year":"2020","journal-title":"Regen. Ther."},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.28306","article-title":"Longitudinal quantitative MRI provides responsive outcome measures for early and late muscle changes in ALS","volume":"71","author":"Diaz","year":"2025","journal-title":"Muscle Nerve"},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6336","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph19106336","article-title":"Effectiveness of Warm-Up intervention programs to prevent sports injuries among children and adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"19","author":"Ding","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health"},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1302\/2058-5241.4.180102","article-title":"Subchondral bone remodelling in osteoarthritis","volume":"4","author":"Donell","year":"2019","journal-title":"EFORT Open Rev."},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"iv88","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/key062","article-title":"Challenges and controversies of complex interventions in osteoarthritis management: recognizing inappropriate and discordant care","volume":"57","author":"Dziedzic","year":"2018","journal-title":"Rheumatol. Oxf."},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"977","DOI":"10.1177\/03635465241227969","article-title":"10-Year prospective clinical and radiological evaluation after matrix-induced autologous chondrocyte implantation and comparison of tibiofemoral and patellofemoral graft outcomes","volume":"52","author":"Ebert","year":"2024","journal-title":"Am. J. Sports Med."},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1851","DOI":"10.1097\/j.pain.0000000000000602","article-title":"Patient phenotyping in clinical trials of chronic pain treatments: IMMPACT recommendations","volume":"157","author":"Edwards","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/j.berh.2019.02.009","article-title":"Current trends in sport injury prevention","volume":"33","author":"Emery","year":"2019","journal-title":"Best Pract. Res. Clin. Rheumatol."},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.3390\/life11040302","article-title":"The biomechanics of Cartilage-an overview","volume":"11","author":"Eschweiler","year":"2021","journal-title":"Life (Basel)"},{"key":"B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"149733","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2024.149733","article-title":"Mechanisms of chondrocyte regulated cell death in osteoarthritis: focus on ROS-triggered ferroptosis, parthanatos, and oxeiptosis","volume":"705","author":"Fan","year":"2024","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophysical Res. Commun."},{"key":"B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"805","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines12040805","article-title":"Pain management strategies in osteoarthritis","volume":"12","author":"Farinelli","year":"2024","journal-title":"Biomedicines"},{"key":"B61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S16","DOI":"10.1097\/01.blo.0000144971.12731.a2","article-title":"Risk factors for osteoarthritis: understanding joint vulnerability","volume":"427","author":"Felson","year":"2004","journal-title":"Clin. Orthop. Relat. Research\u00ae"},{"key":"B62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-pathol-011110-130203","article-title":"Disorders of bone remodeling","volume":"6","author":"Feng","year":"2011","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Pathol."},{"key":"B63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.2147\/JMDH.S140550","article-title":"Total knee arthroplasty: improving outcomes with a multidisciplinary approach","volume":"11","author":"Feng","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Multidiscip. Healthc."},{"key":"B64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S330","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2025.02.464","article-title":"Appa showed senolytic capacity in senescent chondrocytes","volume":"33","author":"Fernandez-Moreno","year":"2025","journal-title":"Osteoarthr. Cartil."},{"key":"B65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"396","DOI":"10.1530\/EOR-22-0057","article-title":"Optimizing indications and technique in osteotomies around the knee","volume":"7","author":"Ferrera","year":"2022","journal-title":"EFORT Open Rev."},{"key":"B66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"773","DOI":"10.1186\/s12891-024-07854-8","article-title":"Patterns of pain medication usage and self-reported pain in older Irish adults with osteoarthritis: a latent class analysis of data from the Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing","volume":"25","author":"French","year":"2024","journal-title":"BMC Musculoskelet. Disord."},{"key":"B67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1016\/j.berh.2011.01.012","article-title":"Hip and knee pain: role of occupational factors","volume":"25","author":"Fransen","year":"2011","journal-title":"Best Pract. Res. Clin. Rheumatology"},{"key":"B68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S206","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2025.02.292","article-title":"Towards a nutraceutical-based injectable treatment for early osteoarthritis: preclinical evidence from a glucosinolate-releasing hyaluronic acid hydrogel","volume":"33","author":"Gambari","year":"2025","journal-title":"Osteoarthr. Cartil."},{"key":"B69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"24295","DOI":"10.1038\/srep24295","article-title":"Characterisation of synovial fluid and infrapatellar fat pad derived mesenchymal stromal cells: the influence of tissue source and inflammatory stimulus","volume":"6","author":"Garcia","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"B70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1732","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ard.2025.06.1190","article-title":"ABS0006 integrating peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor A and circadian rhythm insights as novel underlying mechanisms of osteoarthritis","volume":"84","author":"Garcia-Dominguez","year":"2025","journal-title":"Ann. Rheumatic Dis."},{"key":"B71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2040622319825567","DOI":"10.1177\/2040622319825567","article-title":"Platelet-rich plasma in osteoarthritis treatment: review of current evidence","volume":"10","author":"Gato-Calvo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ther. Adv. Chronic Dis."},{"key":"B72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1186\/s12967-025-06310-y","article-title":"Multi-omics analysis of synovial tissue and fluid reveals differentially expressed proteins and metabolites in osteoarthritis","volume":"23","author":"Ge","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Transl. Med."},{"key":"B73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E214","DOI":"10.15167\/2421-4248\/jpmh2024.65.2.3270","article-title":"Comparison of the short-term effect of intra-articular hyaluronic acid and platelet-rich plasma injections in knee osteoarthritis: a randomized clinical trial","volume":"65","author":"Ghorbani","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Prev. Med. Hyg."},{"key":"B74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1007\/s11420-011-9250-z","article-title":"Articular cartilage degradation in osteoarthritis","volume":"8","author":"Goldring","year":"2012","journal-title":"Hss J."},{"key":"B75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.3810\/psm.2012.11.1988","article-title":"A comprehensive review of the effectiveness of different exercise programs for patients with osteoarthritis","volume":"40","author":"Golightly","year":"2012","journal-title":"Phys. Sportsmed."},{"key":"B76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"931","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms18050931","article-title":"Peripheral nerve fibers and their neurotransmitters in Osteoarthritis pathology","volume":"18","author":"Gr\u00e4ssel","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"B77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1938","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm10091938","article-title":"Osteoarthritis: novel molecular mechanisms increase our understanding of the disease pathology","volume":"10","author":"Gr\u00e4ssel","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Clin. Med."},{"key":"B78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"550","DOI":"10.1186\/s13018-024-05055-6","article-title":"Mechanisms of chondrocyte cell death in osteoarthritis: implications for disease progression and treatment","volume":"19","author":"Guan","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Orthop. Surg. Res."},{"key":"B79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29602","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-14896-y","article-title":"Dehydrotanshinone II A alleviates osteoarthritis via activating PPAR\u03b3 to inhibit ferroptosis in chondrocytes","volume":"15","author":"Guan","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"B80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100163","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ostima.2023.100163","article-title":"Debate: intra-articular steroid injections for osteoarthritis - harmful or helpful?(\u2606,\u2606\u2606)","volume":"3","author":"Guermazi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Osteoarthr. Imaging"},{"key":"B81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"815","DOI":"10.1016\/j.berh.2011.11.013","article-title":"Biomechanical factors in osteoarthritis","volume":"25","author":"Guilak","year":"2011","journal-title":"Best Pract. Res. Clin. Rheumatol."},{"key":"B82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1538662","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2025.1538662","article-title":"Recent development of mitochondrial metabolism and dysfunction in osteoarthritis","volume":"16","author":"Guo","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front. Pharmacol."},{"key":"B83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2019.00192","article-title":"Hyaluronic acid: molecular mechanisms and therapeutic trajectory","volume":"6","author":"Gupta","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Vet. Sci."},{"key":"B84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"879","DOI":"10.1007\/s40477-023-00823-2","article-title":"Ultrasound assessment of muscle mass and correlation with clinical outcomes in critically ill patients: a prospective observational study","volume":"26","author":"Guzm\u00e1n-David","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Ultrasound"},{"key":"B85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1080\/14728222.2023.2185133","article-title":"Emerging therapeutic targets for osteoarthritis","volume":"27","author":"Hadzic","year":"2023","journal-title":"Expert Opin. Ther. Targets"},{"key":"B86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2307","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2011.04.014","article-title":"Changes in articular cartilage mechanics with meniscectomy: a novel image-based modeling approach and comparison to patterns of OA","volume":"44","author":"Haemer","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Biomechanics"},{"key":"B87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"847","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-012-2162-z","article-title":"Subchondral bone and osteoarthritis: biological and cellular aspects","volume":"23","author":"Henrotin","year":"2012","journal-title":"Osteoporos. Int."},{"key":"B88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1007\/s00264-020-04687-7","article-title":"Subchondral bone or intra-articular injection of bone marrow concentrate mesenchymal stem cells in bilateral knee osteoarthritis: what better postpone knee arthroplasty at fifteen years? A randomized study","volume":"45","author":"Hernigou","year":"","journal-title":"Int. Orthop."},{"key":"B89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1007\/s00264-020-04571-4","article-title":"Human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell injection in subchondral lesions of knee osteoarthritis: a prospective randomized study versus contralateral arthroplasty at a mean fifteen year follow-up","volume":"45","author":"Hernigou","year":"","journal-title":"Int. Orthop."},{"key":"B90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"Cd008570","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008570.pub3","article-title":"Ergonomic interventions for preventing work-related musculoskeletal disorders of the upper limb and neck among office workers","volume":"10","author":"Hoe","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst. Rev."},{"key":"B91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e009117","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2015-009117","article-title":"Variation in use of non-surgical treatments among osteoarthritis patients in orthopaedic practice in the Netherlands","volume":"5","author":"Hofstede","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"B92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1186\/s40798-025-00823-y","article-title":"The consistency of primary, secondary and tertiary prevention definitions in the context of musculoskeletal sports injuries: a rapid review and critical exploration of common terms of usage","volume":"11","author":"Holm-Jensen","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sports Med. Open"},{"key":"B93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.1186\/s13018-018-0939-2","article-title":"Association between SMAD3 gene polymorphisms and osteoarthritis risk: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"13","author":"Hong","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Orthop. Surg. Res."},{"key":"B94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"312","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox13030312","article-title":"Reactive oxygen species signaling and oxidative stress: transcriptional regulation and evolution","volume":"13","author":"Hong","year":"2024","journal-title":"Antioxidants (Basel)"},{"key":"B95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1038\/s41746-025-01507-3","article-title":"Foundations of a knee joint digital twin from qMRI biomarkers for osteoarthritis and knee replacement","volume":"8","author":"Hoyer","year":"2025","journal-title":"Npj Digit. Med."},{"key":"B96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2021.12.007","article-title":"Single cell transcriptomics in human osteoarthritis synovium and in silico deconvoluted bulk RNA sequencing","volume":"30","author":"Huang","year":"","journal-title":"Osteoarthr. Cartil."},{"key":"B97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"767","DOI":"10.1080\/10717544.2022.2048130","article-title":"Intra-articular drug delivery systems for osteoarthritis therapy: shifting from sustained release to enhancing penetration into cartilage","volume":"29","author":"Huang","year":"","journal-title":"Drug Deliv."},{"key":"B98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26516","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-78486-0","article-title":"Association between dietary omega-3 fatty acid intake and all-cause mortality in patients with osteoarthritis: a population-based prospective cohort study","volume":"14","author":"Huang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"B99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1636","DOI":"10.21037\/qims.2020.02.06","article-title":"MRI in the assessment of adipose tissues and muscle composition: how to use it","volume":"10","author":"Huber","year":"2020","journal-title":"Quant. Imaging Med. Surg."},{"key":"B100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.2023-0819","article-title":"The critical role of physical activity and weight management in knee and hip osteoarthritis: a narrative review","volume":"51","author":"Huffman","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Rheumatol."},{"key":"B101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1186\/s13075-022-02739-4","article-title":"TLC599 in patients with osteoarthritis of the knee: a phase IIa, randomized, placebo-controlled, dose-finding study","volume":"24","author":"Hunter","year":"2022","journal-title":"Arthritis Res. Ther."},{"key":"B102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1186\/s12891-025-08539-6","article-title":"Identification and validation of hub m7G-related genes and infiltrating immune cells in osteoarthritis based on integrated computational and bioinformatics analysis","volume":"26","author":"Huo","year":"2025","journal-title":"BMC Musculoskelet. Disord."},{"key":"B103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.2165\/11539760-000000000-00000","article-title":"Intra-articular injections for the treatment of osteoarthritis: focus on the clinical use of hyaluronic acid","volume":"11","author":"Iannitti","year":"2011","journal-title":"Drugs R. D."},{"key":"B104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1007\/s40259-018-0276-3","article-title":"Tissue engineering in osteoarthritis: current status and prospect of mesenchymal stem cell therapy","volume":"32","author":"Im","year":"2018","journal-title":"BioDrugs"},{"key":"B105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1038\/s41584-021-00695-y","article-title":"Joint distraction for osteoarthritis: clinical evidence and molecular mechanisms","volume":"18","author":"Jansen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Rheumatol."},{"key":"B106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s43465-021-00439-w","article-title":"Synovium derived mesenchymal stromal cells (Sy-MSCs): a promising therapeutic paradigm in the management of knee osteoarthritis","volume":"56","author":"Jeyaraman","year":"2022","journal-title":"Indian J. Orthop."},{"key":"B107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"703110","DOI":"10.3389\/fmolb.2021.703110","article-title":"ADAMTS5 in osteoarthritis: biological functions, regulatory network, and potential targeting therapies","volume":"8","author":"Jiang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Mol. Biosci."},{"key":"B108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115552","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2023.115552","article-title":"Mechanical stress abnormalities promote chondrocyte senescence - the pathogenesis of knee osteoarthritis","volume":"167","author":"Jiang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Biomed. Pharmacother."},{"key":"B109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2501","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-200611000-00025","article-title":"Autologous chondrocyte implantation","volume":"88","author":"Jones","year":"2006","journal-title":"JBJS"},{"key":"B110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0222657","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0222657","article-title":"The better management of patients with Osteoarthritis program: outcomes after evidence-based education and exercise delivered nationwide in Sweden","volume":"14","author":"J\u00f6nsson","year":"2019","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"B111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nutos.2023.10.004","article-title":"Omega-3 fatty acids mediated cellular signaling and its regulation in human health","volume":"52","author":"Kar","year":"2023","journal-title":"Clin. Nutr. Open Sci."},{"key":"B112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"A1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jor.2017.05.001","article-title":"Current concepts in the articular cartilage repair and regeneration","volume":"14","author":"Karuppal","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Orthop."},{"key":"B113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1220","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.20231","article-title":"Surgical management of osteoarthritis","volume":"62","author":"Katz","year":"2010","journal-title":"Arthritis Care Res. Hob."},{"key":"B114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1759720x221085952","DOI":"10.1177\/1759720X221085952","article-title":"The current state of the osteoarthritis drug development pipeline: a comprehensive narrative review of the present challenges and future opportunities","volume":"14","author":"Kim","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ther. Adv. Musculoskelet. Dis."},{"key":"B115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21349","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-46599-7","article-title":"A causative role for periarticular skeletal muscle weakness in the progression of joint damage and pain in OA","volume":"13","author":"Kim","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"B116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"152326","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2023.152326","article-title":"Synovial inflammation in osteoarthritis. A treatable target?","volume":"64","author":"Kloppenburg","year":"2024","journal-title":"Seminars Arthritis Rheumatism"},{"key":"B117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0032-1321785","article-title":"Paracetamol (Acetaminophen) - a popular and widely used nonopioid analgesic","volume":"62","author":"Klotz","year":"2012","journal-title":"Arzneimittelforschung"},{"key":"B118","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1097\/BOR.0000000000000923","article-title":"Inflammation in osteoarthritis: the latest progress and ongoing challenges","volume":"35","author":"Knights","year":"2023","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Rheumatol."},{"key":"B119","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e18682","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2023.e18682","article-title":"Effect of lorecivivint on osteoarthritis: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"9","author":"Kou","year":"2023","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"key":"B120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"272","DOI":"10.1038\/s41584-024-01102-y","article-title":"Molecular biomarker approaches to prevention of post-traumatic osteoarthritis","volume":"20","author":"Kraus","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Rheumatol."},{"key":"B121","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2018.00073","article-title":"The pathobiology of the meniscus: a comparison between the human and dog","volume":"5","author":"Krupkova","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Vet. Sci."},{"key":"B122","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14974","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms241914974","article-title":"Articular Cartilage\u2014from basic science structural imaging to non-invasive clinical quantitative molecular functional information for AI classification and prediction","volume":"24","author":"Kurz","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"B123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"709","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2015.11.006","article-title":"Histopathological analyses of murine menisci: implications for joint aging and osteoarthritis","volume":"24","author":"Kwok","year":"2016","journal-title":"Osteoarthr. Cartil."},{"key":"B124","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.36922\/IJB025120098","article-title":"Recent advances in 3D bioprinting for cartilage and osteochondral regeneration","volume":"11","author":"Lai","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int. J. Bioprinting"},{"key":"B125","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.46582\/jsrm.1202011","article-title":"Randomized controlled trial comparing hyaluronic acid, platelet-rich plasma and the combination of both in the treatment of mild and moderate osteoarthritis of the knee","volume":"12","author":"Lana","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Stem Cells Regen. Med."},{"key":"B126","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"316","DOI":"10.1007\/s12178-023-09840-4","article-title":"Meniscal extrusion: diagnosis, etiology, and treatment options","volume":"16","author":"Langhans","year":"2023","journal-title":"Curr. Rev. Musculoskelet. Med."},{"key":"B127","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1186\/s42836-022-00118-7","article-title":"Artificial intelligence in diagnosis of knee osteoarthritis and prediction of arthroplasty outcomes: a review","volume":"4","author":"Lee","year":"2022","journal-title":"Arthroplasty"},{"key":"B128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2021.05.007","article-title":"The burden of OA-health services and economics","volume":"30","author":"Leifer","year":"2022","journal-title":"Osteoarthr. Cartil."},{"key":"B129","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"576","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbadis.2016.01.003","article-title":"ROS\/oxidative stress signaling in osteoarthritis","volume":"1862","author":"Lepetsos","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biochimica Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Mol. Basis Dis."},{"key":"B130","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"750","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cstres.2024.11.001","article-title":"Regulation of chondrocyte apoptosis in osteoarthritis by endoplasmic reticulum stress","volume":"29","author":"Li","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cell Stress Chaperones"},{"key":"B131","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1186\/ar4405","article-title":"Subchondral bone in osteoarthritis: insight into risk factors and microstructural changes","volume":"15","author":"Li","year":"2013","journal-title":"Arthritis Res. Ther."},{"key":"B132","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1186\/s42836-022-00113-y","article-title":"Risk factors associated with surgical site infections following joint replacement surgery: a narrative review","volume":"4","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"Arthroplasty"},{"key":"B133","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1038\/s41413-023-00292-7","article-title":"Combining single-cell RNA sequencing and population-based studies reveals hand osteoarthritis-associated chondrocyte subpopulations and pathways","volume":"11","author":"Li","year":"","journal-title":"Bone Res."},{"key":"B134","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1759720x231169839","DOI":"10.1177\/1759720X231169839","article-title":"Latest insights in disease-modifying osteoarthritis drugs development","volume":"15","author":"Li","year":"","journal-title":"Ther. Adv. Musculoskelet. Dis."},{"key":"B135","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1093\/jbmr\/zjad009","article-title":"Synovium and infrapatellar fat pad share common mesenchymal progenitors and undergo coordinated changes in osteoarthritis","volume":"39","author":"Li","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Bone Min. Res."},{"key":"B136","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102900","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nantod.2025.102900","article-title":"Electronic cloud-regulation strategy enabling rapid and sensitive near-infrared detection of ONOO- for dynamic monitoring of ferroptosis-mediated drug-induced liver injury","volume":"66","author":"Li","year":"2026","journal-title":"Nano Today"},{"key":"B137","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jot.2023.08.006","article-title":"Biomaterial-based scaffolds in promotion of cartilage regeneration: recent advances and emerging applications","volume":"41","author":"Liang","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Orthop. Transl."},{"key":"B138","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"382","DOI":"10.1186\/s13018-025-05793-1","article-title":"Molecular features and diagnostic modeling of synovium- and IPFP-derived OA macrophages in the inflammatory microenvironment via scRNA-seq and machine learning","volume":"20","author":"Lin","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Orthop. Surg. Res."},{"key":"B139","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2022","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2022.982199","article-title":"Updates on mesenchymal stem cell therapies for articular cartilage regeneration in large animal models","volume":"10","author":"Liu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Cell Dev. Biol."},{"key":"B140","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"971","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2009.03.002","article-title":"Aging and osteoarthritis: the role of chondrocyte senescence and aging changes in the cartilage matrix","volume":"17","author":"Loeser","year":"2009","journal-title":"Osteoarthr. Cartil."},{"key":"B141","first-page":"44","article-title":"The role of aging in the development of osteoarthritis","volume":"128","author":"Loeser","year":"2017","journal-title":"Trans. Am. Clin. Climatol. Assoc."},{"key":"B142","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14726","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-98795-2","article-title":"Association between lean body mass and osteoarthritis: a cross-sectional study from the NHANES 2007\u20132018","volume":"15","author":"Lu","year":"","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"B143","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102923","DOI":"10.4252\/wjsc.v17.i4.102923","article-title":"Mechanisms and challenges of mesenchymal stem cells in the treatment of knee osteoarthritis","volume":"17","author":"Lu","year":"","journal-title":"World J. Stem Cells"},{"key":"B144","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7907","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-91783-6","article-title":"Global, regional, and national epidemiology of osteoarthritis in working-age individuals: insights from the global burden of disease study 1990\u20132021","volume":"15","author":"Ma","year":"","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"B145","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2524","DOI":"10.1007\/s10439-025-03803-1","article-title":"Computational dynamic analysis of medial meniscus with redial tear, repair, and meniscectomy","volume":"53","author":"Ma","year":"","journal-title":"Ann. Biomed. Eng."},{"key":"B146","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"h1225","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.h1225","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of paracetamol for spinal pain and osteoarthritis: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised placebo controlled trials","volume":"350","author":"Machado","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"B147","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1534","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2023.08.011","article-title":"OARSI year in review 2023: rehabilitation and outcomes","volume":"31","author":"Macri","year":"2023","journal-title":"Osteoarthr. Cartil."},{"key":"B148","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1019","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2022.01.012","article-title":"Surgical therapy in osteoarthritis","volume":"30","author":"Madry","year":"2022","journal-title":"Osteoarthr. Cartil."},{"key":"B149","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7411","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2011.06.037","article-title":"The knee meniscus: structure-function, pathophysiology, current repair techniques, and prospects for regeneration","volume":"32","author":"Makris","year":"2011","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"B150","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1312","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2023.06.011","article-title":"Fundamentals of osteoarthritis. Rehabilitation: exercise, diet, biomechanics, and physical therapist-delivered interventions","volume":"31","author":"Marriott","year":"2023","journal-title":"Osteoarthr. Cartil."},{"key":"B151","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2957","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.25969","article-title":"Osteoblast role in osteoarthritis pathogenesis","volume":"232","author":"Maruotti","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Cell Physiol."},{"key":"B152","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100256","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ocarto.2022.100256","article-title":"Do people with knee osteoarthritis use guideline-consistent treatments after an orthopaedic surgeon recommends nonsurgical care? A cross-sectional survey with long-term follow-up","volume":"4","author":"Mazzei","year":"2022","journal-title":"Osteoarthr. Cartil. Open"},{"key":"B153","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1967","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2017.5283","article-title":"Effect of intra-articular triamcinolone vs saline on knee cartilage volume and pain in patients with knee osteoarthritis: a randomized clinical trial","volume":"317","author":"McAlindon","year":"2017","journal-title":"Jama"},{"key":"B154","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"719","DOI":"10.1038\/nrrheum.2017.182","article-title":"Native joint-resident mesenchymal stem cells for cartilage repair in osteoarthritis","volume":"13","author":"McGonagle","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Rheumatol."},{"key":"B155","first-page":"1","article-title":"Arthroscopic lavage and debridement for osteoarthritis of the knee: an evidence-based analysis","volume":"5","year":"2005","journal-title":"Ont. Health Technol. Assess. Ser."},{"key":"B156","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"324","DOI":"10.3390\/cells8040324","article-title":"The importance of the knee joint meniscal fibrocartilages as stabilizing weight bearing structures providing global protection to human knee-joint tissues","volume":"8","author":"Melrose","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"B157","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1569","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.23608","article-title":"Intentional weight loss in overweight and Obese patients with knee osteoarthritis: is more better?","volume":"70","author":"Messier","year":"2018","journal-title":"Arthritis Care Res. Hob."},{"key":"B158","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jot.2025.03.022","article-title":"Trends, inequalities and time-series based prediction of knee osteoarthritis attributed to high body-mass-index: findings from global burden of disease 2021","volume":"52","author":"Miao","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Orthop. Transl."},{"key":"B159","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5485","DOI":"10.1007\/s00167-023-07600-y","article-title":"Meniscectomy is associated with a higher rate of osteoarthritis compared to meniscal repair following acute tears: a meta-analysis","volume":"31","author":"Migliorini","year":"2023","journal-title":"Knee Surg. Sports Traumatol. Arthrosc."},{"key":"B160","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1007\/s43465-020-00137-z","article-title":"Highly cross-linked polyethylene in cementless total hip arthroplasty in patients with previous acetabular fractures: a minimum 5-Year Follow-Up study","volume":"54","author":"Min","year":"2020","journal-title":"Indian J. Orthop."},{"key":"B161","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1007\/s11999-009-0998-0","article-title":"Autologous chondrocyte implantation for joint preservation in patients with early osteoarthritis","volume":"468","author":"Minas","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin. Orthop. Relat. Research\u00ae"},{"key":"B162","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1177\/1947603510392913","article-title":"Guidelines for the design and conduct of clinical studies in knee articular cartilage repair:international cartilage repair society recommendations based on current scientific evidence and standards of clinical care","volume":"2","author":"Mithoefer","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cartilage"},{"key":"B163","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1186\/s10195-020-00551-x","article-title":"Unicompartmental knee arthroplasty, an enigma, and the ten enigmas of medial UKA","volume":"21","author":"Mittal","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Orthop. Traumatol."},{"key":"B164","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"F1000 Faculty Rev-2091","DOI":"10.12688\/f1000research.20575.1","article-title":"Recent advances in understanding the phenotypes of osteoarthritis","volume":"8","author":"Mobasheri","year":"2019","journal-title":"F1000Res"},{"key":"B165","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17981","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-22514-4","article-title":"Artificial intelligence-based methods for fusion of electronic health records and imaging data","volume":"12","author":"Mohsen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"B166","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1047943","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2022.1047943","article-title":"Mini review: the role of sensory innervation to subchondral bone in osteoarthritis pain","volume":"13","author":"Morgan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Endocrinol. (Lausanne)"},{"key":"B167","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa013259","article-title":"A controlled trial of arthroscopic surgery for osteoarthritis of the knee","volume":"347","author":"Moseley","year":"2002","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"B168","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"730","DOI":"10.1136\/ard-2023-225041","article-title":"EULAR recommendations for the non-pharmacological core management of hip and knee osteoarthritis: 2023 update","volume":"83","author":"Moseng","year":"2024","journal-title":"Ann. Rheum. Dis."},{"key":"B169","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e21.00141","DOI":"10.5435\/JAAOSGlobal-D-21-00141","article-title":"High tibial osteotomy for varus deformity of the knee","volume":"5","author":"Murray","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Am. Acad. Orthop. Surg. Glob. Res. Rev."},{"key":"B170","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"load021","DOI":"10.1093\/lifemeta\/load021","article-title":"Extracellular matrix remodelling in obesity and metabolic disorders","volume":"2","author":"Musale","year":"2023","journal-title":"Life Metab."},{"key":"B171","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1051\/sicotj\/2024061","article-title":"Clinical outcomes and long-term efficacy of high tibial osteotomy in treating knee instability: an updated systematic review","volume":"11","author":"Mustamsir","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sicot J."},{"key":"B172","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1038\/s41584-023-00979-5","article-title":"Failure of cartilage regeneration: emerging hypotheses and related therapeutic strategies","volume":"19","author":"Muthu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Rheumatol."},{"key":"B173","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105198","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbspin.2021.105198","article-title":"Efficacy of intra-articular corticosteroid injections in knee osteoarthritis: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"88","author":"Najm","year":"2021","journal-title":"Jt. Bone Spine"},{"key":"B174","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"907750","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.907750","article-title":"Obesity, inflammation, and immune system in osteoarthritis","volume":"13","author":"Nedunchezhiyan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"B175","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1038\/s41413-020-0100-9","article-title":"Exosomes: roles and therapeutic potential in osteoarthritis","volume":"8","author":"Ni","year":"2020","journal-title":"Bone Res."},{"key":"B176","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e38415","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000038415","article-title":"Physical therapy options for knee osteoarthritis: a review","volume":"103","author":"Ni","year":"2024","journal-title":"Med. Baltim."},{"key":"B177","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"934406","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2022.934406","article-title":"Exercise-induced modulation of myokine irisin in bone and cartilage tissue-positive effects on osteoarthritis: a narrative review","volume":"14","author":"Ning","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Aging Neurosci."},{"key":"B178","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7623","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21207623","article-title":"Molecular mechanisms and emerging therapeutics for osteoporosis","volume":"21","author":"Noh","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"B179","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"856","DOI":"10.1186\/s12891-022-05787-8","article-title":"Comparison between the effects of ultrasound guided intra-articular injections of platelet-rich plasma (PRP), high molecular weight hyaluronic acid, and their combination in hip osteoarthritis: a randomized clinical trial","volume":"23","author":"Nouri","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMC Musculoskelet. Disord."},{"key":"B180","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"777","DOI":"10.1007\/s00167-019-05458-7","article-title":"Cruciate ligament healing and injury prevention in the age of regenerative medicine and technostress: homeostasis revisited","volume":"28","author":"Nyland","year":"2020","journal-title":"Knee Surg. Sports Traumatol. Arthrosc."},{"key":"B181","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e725","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eats.2016.02.037","article-title":"Distal femoral osteotomy: lateral opening wedge technique","volume":"5","author":"O\u2019Malley","year":"2016","journal-title":"Arthrosc. Tech."},{"key":"B182","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3569","DOI":"10.1007\/s00167-020-06262-4","article-title":"Good long-term survival and patient-reported outcomes after high tibial osteotomy for medial compartment osteoarthritis","volume":"29","author":"Ollivier","year":"2021","journal-title":"Knee Surg. Sports Traumatol. Arthrosc."},{"key":"B183","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104647","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2024.104647","article-title":"Reconsidering the role of weight loss in treatment for chronic pain: Knee osteoarthritis as an exemplar","volume":"25","author":"Olson","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Pain"},{"key":"B184","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.3121\/cmr.2007.698","article-title":"An evidence-based update on nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs","volume":"5","author":"Ong","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin. Med. Res."},{"key":"B185","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2559","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph19052559","article-title":"Effectiveness of interventions based on pain neuroscience education on pain and psychosocial variables for osteoarthritis: a systematic review","volume":"19","author":"Ordo\u00f1ez-Mora","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health"},{"key":"B186","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"560","DOI":"10.3760\/cma.j.cn112138-20240402-00215","article-title":"Consensus on clinical drug therapy for knee osteoarthritis in China (2023)","volume":"63","year":"2024","journal-title":"Zhonghua Nei Ke Za Zhi"},{"key":"B187","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S151","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.04301206","article-title":"Histomorphometric measurements of bone turnover, mineralization, and volume","volume":"3","author":"Ott","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol."},{"key":"B188","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1038\/s41413-025-00423-2","article-title":"Advancing osteoarthritis research: the role of AI in clinical, imaging and omics fields","volume":"13","author":"Ou","year":"2025","journal-title":"Bone Res."},{"key":"B189","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"603","DOI":"10.3390\/life12040603","article-title":"Degenerative meniscus in knee osteoarthritis: from pathology to treatment","volume":"12","author":"Ozeki","year":"2022","journal-title":"Life (Basel)"},{"key":"B190","first-page":"109","article-title":"Current concepts in muscle stretching for exercise and rehabilitation","volume":"7","author":"Page","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int. J. Sports Phys. Ther."},{"key":"B191","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2625","DOI":"10.1177\/03635465231182438","article-title":"Platelet-Rich plasma injections for the treatment of ankle osteoarthritis","volume":"51","author":"Paget","year":"2023","journal-title":"Am. J. Sports Med."},{"key":"B192","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1007\/s40265-019-01083-3","article-title":"Triamcinolone acetonide extended-release: a review in osteoarthritis pain of the knee","volume":"79","author":"Paik","year":"2019","journal-title":"Drugs"},{"key":"B193","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1602592","DOI":"10.3389\/fgene.2025.1602592","article-title":"Editorial: mendelian randomization: an approach for precision medicine and public health","volume":"16","author":"Pan","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front. Genet."},{"key":"B194","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12082","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms252212082","article-title":"Innate immunity and synovitis: key players in osteoarthritis progression","volume":"25","author":"Panichi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"B195","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S22","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2015.11.009","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of oral NSAIDs and analgesics in the management of osteoarthritis: evidence from real-life setting trials and surveys","volume":"45","author":"Pelletier","year":"2016","journal-title":"Seminars Arthritis Rheumatism"},{"key":"B196","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"120555","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2020.120555","article-title":"The regulation of cartilage extracellular matrix homeostasis in joint cartilage degeneration and regeneration","volume":"268","author":"Peng","year":"","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"B197","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1465","DOI":"10.1111\/os.13021","article-title":"Osteotomy around the knee: the surgical treatment of osteoarthritis","volume":"13","author":"Peng","year":"","journal-title":"Orthop. Surg."},{"key":"B198","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5931","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-24258-6","article-title":"The effect of ageing and osteoarthritis on the mechanical properties of cartilage and bone in the human knee joint","volume":"8","author":"Peters","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"B199","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"647","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox9080647","article-title":"Mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and neuroinflammation: intertwined roads to neurodegeneration","volume":"9","author":"Picca","year":"2020","journal-title":"Antioxidants (Basel)"},{"key":"B200","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e72466","DOI":"10.2196\/72466","article-title":"The effectiveness of telerehabilitation in managing pain, strength, and balance in adult patients with knee osteoarthritis: systematic review","volume":"12","author":"Plavoukou","year":"2025","journal-title":"JMIR Rehabil. Assist. Technol."},{"key":"B201","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e4","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.RVW.16.00002","article-title":"Outpatient total hip arthroplasty, total knee arthroplasty, and unicompartmental knee arthroplasty: a systematic review of the literature","volume":"4","author":"Pollock","year":"2016","journal-title":"JBJS Rev."},{"key":"B202","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1016\/j.berh.2009.08.013","article-title":"Non-pharmacological approaches for the treatment of osteoarthritis","volume":"24","author":"Rannou","year":"2010","journal-title":"Best. Pract. Res. Clin. Rheumatol."},{"key":"B203","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2358","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21072358","article-title":"The role of chondrocyte hypertrophy and senescence in osteoarthritis initiation and progression","volume":"21","author":"Rim","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"B204","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14953","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms232314953","article-title":"Intraarticular injections of mesenchymal stem cells in knee osteoarthritis: a review of their current molecular mechanisms of action and their efficacy","volume":"23","author":"Rodr\u00edguez-Merch\u00e1n","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"B205","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1302\/2058-5241.3.170048","article-title":"Unicompartmental knee arthroplasty: current indications, technical issues and results","volume":"3","author":"Rodr\u00edguez-Merch\u00e1n","year":"2018","journal-title":"EFORT Open Rev."},{"key":"B206","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1007\/978-88-470-2727-5_9","article-title":"Alignment osteotomies","volume-title":"Articular cartilage defects of the knee: diagnosis and treatment","author":"Rodr\u00edguez-Merch\u00e1n","year":"2012"},{"key":"B207","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1625","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2020-218350","article-title":"Identification of the skeletal progenitor cells forming osteophytes in osteoarthritis","volume":"79","author":"Roelofs","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ann. Rheum. Dis."},{"key":"B208","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.2147\/JPR.S20965","article-title":"Diclofenac topical solution compared with oral diclofenac: a pooled safety analysis","volume":"4","author":"Roth","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Pain Res."},{"key":"B209","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1007\/s13679-017-0262-y","article-title":"Weight loss and improvement in comorbidity: differences at 5%, 10%, 15%, and over","volume":"6","author":"Ryan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Curr. Obes. Rep."},{"key":"B210","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.1038\/s41584-022-00749-9","article-title":"Synovial inflammation in osteoarthritis progression","volume":"18","author":"Sanchez-Lopez","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Rheumatol."},{"key":"B211","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100433","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ocarto.2023.100433","article-title":"Pain-phenotyping in osteoarthritis: current concepts, evidence, and considerations towards a comprehensive framework for assessment and treatment","volume":"6","author":"Saxer","year":"2024","journal-title":"Osteoarthr. Cartil. Open"},{"key":"B212","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2012.02.012","article-title":"The role of synovitis in osteoarthritis pathogenesis","volume":"51","author":"Scanzello","year":"2012","journal-title":"Bone"},{"key":"B213","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2473","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-022-02057-x","article-title":"Targeted therapy for osteoarthritis: progress and pitfalls","volume":"28","author":"Sch\u00e4fer","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"B214","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2019.8044","article-title":"Effect of tanezumab on joint pain, physical function, and patient global assessment of osteoarthritis among patients with osteoarthritis of the hip or knee: a randomized clinical trial","volume":"322","author":"Schnitzer","year":"2019","journal-title":"Jama"},{"key":"B215","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"412","DOI":"10.1186\/s12891-025-08663-3","article-title":"Platelet-rich plasma treatment for large joint osteoarthritis: retrospective study highlighting a possible treatment protocol with long-lasting stimulation of the joint with an adequate dose of platelets","volume":"26","author":"Schwitzgu\u00e9bel","year":"2025","journal-title":"BMC Musculoskelet. Disord."},{"key":"B216","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"644","DOI":"10.1038\/bonekey.2015.11","article-title":"Bone microdamage, remodeling and bone fragility: how much damage is too much damage?","volume":"4","author":"Seref-Ferlengez","year":"2015","journal-title":"Bonekey Rep."},{"key":"B217","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"Vii","DOI":"10.1590\/0100-3984.2020.53.1e2","article-title":"Hip arthroplasty: current concepts and potential complications","volume":"53","author":"Serfaty","year":"2020","journal-title":"Radiol. Bras."},{"key":"B218","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2024.12.021","article-title":"3D bio-printed proteinaceous bioactive scaffold loaded with dual growth factor enhanced chondrogenesis and in situ cartilage regeneration","volume":"46","author":"Shanto","year":"2025","journal-title":"Bioact. Mater."},{"key":"B219","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1650","DOI":"10.3390\/nu16111650","article-title":"Omega-3 supplementation and its effects on osteoarthritis","volume":"16","author":"Shawl","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"B220","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"108631","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jnutbio.2021.108631","article-title":"The interplay between diet, gut microbes, and host epigenetics in health and disease","volume":"95","author":"Shock","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Nutr. Biochem."},{"key":"B221","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.5371\/hp.2019.31.4.179","article-title":"Total hip arthroplasty: past, present, and future. What has been achieved?","volume":"31","author":"Shon","year":"2019","journal-title":"Hip Pelvis"},{"key":"B222","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1007\/s11926-019-0839-4","article-title":"Skeletal muscle wasting and its relationship with osteoarthritis: a mini-review of mechanisms and current interventions","volume":"21","author":"Shorter","year":"2019","journal-title":"Curr. Rheumatol. Rep."},{"key":"B223","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1523027","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2025.1523027","article-title":"Recent advances in the management of knee osteoarthritis: a narrative review","volume":"12","author":"Shtroblia","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front. Med. (Lausanne)"},{"key":"B224","first-page":"112","article-title":"Physical therapy for patients with knee and hip osteoarthritis: supervised, active treatment is current best practice","volume":"37","author":"Skou","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Rheumatol."},{"key":"B225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-84693-9_18","article-title":"Orthobiologics in meniscus pathology","volume-title":"Regenerative medicine in sports and orthopaedics: a new approach","author":"Slynarski","year":"2025"},{"key":"B226","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e37080","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.37080","article-title":"Effects of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and gastroprotective NSAIDs on the gastrointestinal tract: a narrative review","volume":"15","author":"Sohail","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"B227","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1177\/1941738109350438","article-title":"The basic science of articular cartilage: structure, composition, and function","volume":"1","author":"Sophia Fox","year":"2009","journal-title":"Sports Health"},{"key":"B228","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23259671211035776","DOI":"10.1177\/23259671211035776","article-title":"A comprehensive summary of systematic reviews on sports injury prevention strategies","volume":"9","author":"Stephenson","year":"2021","journal-title":"Orthop. J. Sports Med."},{"key":"B229","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2023.03.008","article-title":"JNK-JUN-NCOA4 axis contributes to chondrocyte ferroptosis and aggravates osteoarthritis via ferritinophagy","volume":"200","author":"Sun","year":"2023","journal-title":"Free Radic. Biol. Med."},{"key":"B230","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2024.1407679","article-title":"Single-cell RNA sequencing reveals different chondrocyte states in femoral cartilage between osteoarthritis and healthy individuals","volume":"2024","author":"Sun","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"B231","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2613.2010.00758.x","article-title":"Enhanced apoptotic and reduced protective response in chondrocytes following endoplasmic reticulum stress in osteoarthritic cartilage","volume":"92","author":"Takada","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int. J. Exp. Pathol."},{"key":"B232","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/03008207.2025.2490797","article-title":"Clinical and molecular landscape of post-traumatic osteoarthritis","volume":"66","author":"Takase","year":"2025","journal-title":"Connect. Tissue Res."},{"key":"B233","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.2478\/intox-2013-0019","article-title":"Hyaluronan and synovial joint: function, distribution and healing","volume":"6","author":"Tamer","year":"2013","journal-title":"Interdiscip. Toxicol."},{"key":"B234","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"eadf4590","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.adf4590","article-title":"Single-cell atlas of human infrapatellar fat pad and synovium implicates APOE signaling in osteoarthritis pathology","volume":"16","author":"Tang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci. Transl. Med."},{"key":"B235","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/a-2693-0944","article-title":"Step-off between the lateral femoral condyle and the lateral tibial Plateau: Association with degenerative lateral meniscal tears and lateral osteoarthritis of the knee","author":"Terauchi","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Knee Surg"},{"key":"B236","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1095","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-012-1990-1","article-title":"Differential features of muscle fiber atrophy in osteoporosis and osteoarthritis","volume":"24","author":"Terracciano","year":"2013","journal-title":"Osteoporos. Int."},{"key":"B237","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.3390\/jfmk6010015","article-title":"Intra-articular injections in knee osteoarthritis: a review of literature","volume":"6","author":"Testa","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Funct. Morphol. Kinesiol"},{"key":"B238","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"156111","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prp.2025.156111","article-title":"Molecular drivers of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in glioblastoma and impact on therapy resistance","volume":"272","author":"Tian","year":"2025","journal-title":"Pathology - Res. Pract."},{"key":"B239","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1177\/1947603509360209","article-title":"Magnetic resonance imaging of cartilage repair:a review","volume":"2","author":"Trattnig","year":"2011","journal-title":"CARTILAGE"},{"key":"B240","first-page":"6","article-title":"Arthritis: knee and hip osteoarthritis","volume":"548","author":"Trojian","year":"2025","journal-title":"FP Essent."},{"key":"B241","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1097\/RLI.0000000000000942","article-title":"A randomized trial of intra-articular injection therapy for knee osteoarthritis","volume":"58","author":"Tschopp","year":"2023","journal-title":"Invest Radiol."},{"key":"B242","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-323-90850-4.00004-1","article-title":"Chapter 12 - future solutions for osteoarthritis using 3D bioprinting of articular cartilage","volume-title":"Handbook of surgical planning and 3D printing","author":"Turunen","year":"2023"},{"key":"B243","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4197","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-010-0498-0","article-title":"Cartilage biology, pathology, and repair","volume":"67","author":"Umlauf","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cell Mol. Life Sci."},{"key":"B244","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"454","DOI":"10.1302\/2633-1462.64.BJO-2024-0189.R1","article-title":"Altered motor function during daily activities in patients eligible for high tibial osteotomy is primarily driven by knee varus deformity","volume":"6","author":"Valente","year":"2025","journal-title":"Bone Jt. Open"},{"key":"B245","first-page":"257","article-title":"Precision medicine for osteoarthritis, in osteoarthritis: pathogenesis, diagnosis","volume-title":"Available treatments, drug safety, regenerative and precision medicine","author":"Veillette","year":"2015"},{"key":"B246","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1266","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2019.04.020","article-title":"Do we need another trial on exercise in patients with knee osteoarthritis? no new trials on exercise in knee OA","volume":"27","author":"Verhagen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Osteoarthr. Cartil."},{"key":"B247","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jor.2025.01.001","article-title":"Strategies for preventing anterior cruciate ligament injuries in athletes: insights from a scoping review","volume":"67","author":"Viswanathan","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Orthop."},{"key":"B248","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2023.11.006","article-title":"Osteoarthritis year in review 2023: genetics, genomics, and epigenetics","volume":"32","author":"Waheed","year":"2024","journal-title":"Osteoarthr. Cartil."},{"key":"B249","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2023.01.006","article-title":"Baicalein limits osteoarthritis development by inhibiting chondrocyte ferroptosis","volume":"196","author":"Wan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Free Radic. Biol. Med."},{"key":"B250","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"c4675","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.c4675","article-title":"Effects of glucosamine, chondroitin, or placebo in patients with osteoarthritis of hip or knee: network meta-analysis","volume":"341","author":"Wandel","year":"2010","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"B251","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2811","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000002811","article-title":"Single nucleotide polymorphisms and osteoarthritis: an overview and a meta-analysis","volume":"95","author":"Wang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Med. Baltim."},{"key":"B252","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"810","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox9090810","article-title":"Irisin mitigates oxidative stress, chondrocyte dysfunction and osteoarthritis development through regulating mitochondrial integrity and autophagy","volume":"9","author":"Wang","year":"","journal-title":"Antioxidants (Basel)"},{"key":"B253","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1186\/s13075-020-02156-5","article-title":"Post-traumatic osteoarthritis following ACL injury","volume":"22","author":"Wang","year":"","journal-title":"Arthritis Res. Ther."},{"key":"B254","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1213","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.24333","article-title":"Occupational risk in knee osteoarthritis: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies","volume":"72","author":"Wang","year":"","journal-title":"Arthritis Care Res. Hob."},{"key":"B255","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"862","DOI":"10.1302\/2046-3758.1112.BJR-2022-0215.R1","article-title":"Molecular crosstalk between articular cartilage, meniscus, synovium, and subchondral bone in osteoarthritis","volume":"11","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Bone Jt. Res."},{"key":"B256","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1038\/s41514-024-00159-z","article-title":"The infrapatellar fat pad in inflammaging, knee joint health, and osteoarthritis","volume":"10","author":"Wang","year":"","journal-title":"Npj Aging"},{"key":"B257","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"958","DOI":"10.1038\/s41580-024-00727-x","article-title":"The senescence-associated secretory phenotype and its physiological and pathological implications","volume":"25","author":"Wang","year":"","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol."},{"key":"B258","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1740","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ard.2025.06.1204","article-title":"ABS0267 coating of meniscus and cartilage of osteoarthritic rats and rabbits following intraarticular injection of mm-ii, a dispersion of empty large multilamellar liposomes","volume":"84","author":"Wechsler","year":"2025","journal-title":"Ann. Rheumatic Dis."},{"key":"B259","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1177\/1759720X17712695","article-title":"Effectiveness of intra-articular therapies in osteoarthritis: a literature review","volume":"9","author":"Wehling","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ther. Adv. Musculoskelet. Dis."},{"key":"B260","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1097\/JSA.0000000000000115","article-title":"Autologous chondrocyte implantation: past, present, and future","volume":"24","author":"Welch","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sports Med. Arthrosc. Rev."},{"key":"B261","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1186\/s12964-024-01999-8","article-title":"On the road: extracellular vesicles in intercellular communication","volume":"23","author":"Wessler","year":"2025","journal-title":"Cell Commun. Signal"},{"key":"B262","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1406","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2022-105496","article-title":"Risk factors for knee osteoarthritis after traumatic knee injury: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials and cohort studies for the OPTIKNEE consensus","volume":"56","author":"Whittaker","year":"2022","journal-title":"Br. J. Sports Med."},{"key":"B263","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-323-40196-8.00051-6","article-title":"Chapter 51 - nonopioid analgesics: nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs, Cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors, and acetaminophen","volume-title":"Essentials of pain medicine","author":"Williams","year":"2018"},{"key":"B264","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1177\/1602400327","article-title":"Review article: osteophytes","volume":"24","author":"Wong","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Orthop. Surg. (Hong. Kong)"},{"key":"B265","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0258545","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0258545","article-title":"Effects of sustained weight loss on outcomes associated with obesity comorbidities and healthcare resource utilization","volume":"16","author":"Wood","year":"2021","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"B266","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/wound.2024.0270","article-title":"Chondrocyte mitochondrial quality control: a novel insight into osteoarthritis and cartilage regeneration","author":"Wu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Adv Wound Care (New Rochelle)"},{"key":"B267","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1302\/2058-5241.3.180004","article-title":"Chronic pain after total knee arthroplasty","volume":"3","author":"Wylde","year":"2018","journal-title":"EFORT Open Rev."},{"key":"B268","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13165","DOI":"10.2147\/IJN.S531873","article-title":"Self-assembled carrier free oligomeric proanthocyanidin\/tetrandrine nanoparticles ameliorate osteoarthritis via anti-inflammatory and anti-ferroptotic pathways","volume":"20","author":"Xing","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int. J. Nanomedicine"},{"key":"B269","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1186\/s13020-025-01166-2","article-title":"Sodium tanshinone IIA sulfonate alleviates osteoarthritis through targeting SIRT1","volume":"20","author":"Xu","year":"","journal-title":"Chin. Med."},{"key":"B270","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-025-02312-w","article-title":"Extracellular vesicle-based drug overview: research landscape, quality control and nonclinical evaluation strategies","volume":"10","author":"Xu","year":"","journal-title":"Signal Transduct. Target. Ther."},{"key":"B271","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2486","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines13102486","article-title":"Exosomes in osteoarthritis: breakthrough innovations and advanced tissue engineering for cartilage regeneration since 2020","volume":"13","author":"Yang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Biomedicines"},{"key":"B272","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jot.2020.09.006","article-title":"Chondrocyte ferroptosis contribute to the progression of osteoarthritis","volume":"27","author":"Yao","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Orthop. Transl."},{"key":"B273","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"696","DOI":"10.3390\/gels10110696","article-title":"Responsive hydrogel-based drug delivery platform for osteoarthritis treatment","volume":"10","author":"Yin","year":"2024","journal-title":"Gels"},{"key":"B274","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"614","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina56110614","article-title":"Pathophysiological perspective of osteoarthritis","volume":"56","author":"Yunus","year":"2020","journal-title":"Med. Kaunas."},{"key":"B275","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100170","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ocarto.2021.100170","article-title":"The role of metabolomics in precision medicine of osteoarthritis: how far are we?","volume":"3","author":"Zhai","year":"2021","journal-title":"Osteoarthr. Cartil. Open"},{"key":"B276","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/13548506.2017.1282160","article-title":"Effects of psychological interventions for patients with osteoarthritis: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"23","author":"Zhang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Psychol. Health Med."},{"key":"B277","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7451683","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/7451683","article-title":"Knee joint biomechanics in physiological conditions and how pathologies can affect it: a systematic review","volume":"2020","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Appl. Bionics Biomech."},{"key":"B278","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1186\/s40824-023-00411-9","article-title":"Multifunctional hydrogels: advanced therapeutic tools for osteochondral regeneration","volume":"27","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Biomaterials Res."},{"key":"B279","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11538","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-95649-9","article-title":"Evaluation of radiographic knee OA progression after arthroscopic meniscectomy compared with IACI for degenerative meniscus tear","volume":"15","author":"Zhang","year":"","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"B280","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1341","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bja.2025.07.071","article-title":"Systemic toxicity and transient locked-in-like syndrome following intra-articular ropivacaine injection","volume":"135","author":"Zhang","year":"","journal-title":"Br. J. Anaesth."},{"key":"B281","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/0118715303387442250918111006","article-title":"Integrated multiomics analysis identifies CDO1 as a novel therapeutic target for osteoarthritis","volume":"25","author":"Zhao","year":"2025","journal-title":"Endocr. Metab. Immune Disord. Drug Targets"},{"key":"B282","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10667","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.4c00780","article-title":"Harnessing nanomedicine for cartilage repair: design considerations and recent advances in biomaterials","volume":"18","author":"Zhou","year":"2024","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"key":"B283","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1076","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI121561","article-title":"Subchondral bone osteoclasts induce sensory innervation and osteoarthritis pain","volume":"129","author":"Zhu","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest"},{"key":"B284","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"607764","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2020.607764","article-title":"Subchondral bone remodeling: a therapeutic target for osteoarthritis","volume":"8","author":"Zhu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Cell Dev. Biol."},{"key":"B285","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20220132","DOI":"10.1002\/EXP.20220132","article-title":"The potential role of synovial cells in the progression and treatment of osteoarthritis","volume":"3","author":"Zou","year":"2023","journal-title":"Explor. (Beijing)"},{"key":"B286","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1007\/5584_2019_381","article-title":"Synovium-derived mesenchymal stem\/stromal cells and their promise for cartilage regeneration","volume":"1212","author":"Zupan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Adv. Exp. Med. Biol."}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Pharmacology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fphar.2025.1697192\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,5]],"date-time":"2026-01-05T05:32:18Z","timestamp":1767591138000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fphar.2025.1697192\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,5]]},"references-count":286,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fphar.2025.1697192"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fphar.2025.1697192","relation":{},"ISSN":["1663-9812"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1663-9812","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,5]]},"article-number":"1697192"}}