{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T22:11:34Z","timestamp":1791497494075,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":165,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,15]],"date-time":"2025-10-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1760486400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Pharmacol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    GABA\n                    <jats:sub>A<\/jats:sub>\n                    receptors (GABA\n                    <jats:sub>A<\/jats:sub>\n                    Rs) are no longer viewed as uniform inhibitory switches but as structurally diverse, dynamically regulated ensembles that decode inhibitory signals with remarkable spatial and temporal precision. Their heterogeneity arises not only from the nineteen subunit genes but also from the combinatorial logic of assembly, alternative splicing, stoichiometry, post-translational modifications, and adaptive trafficking. These ensembles function as computational modules, tuned to the demands of individual circuits where they regulate excitability, gain control, and plasticity. Here, we highlight how recent advances in cryo\u2013electron microscopy have transformed the field, revealing unexpected conformational states, novel ligand-binding pockets, and regulatory interfaces with accessory proteins, such as NACHO.\n                    <jats:italic>In vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                    studies demonstrate that individual neurons often co-express multiple receptor subtypes, forming heterogeneous ensembles that integrate inputs from GABA, neurosteroids, histamine, endocannabinoids, and exogenous ligands. This ensemble logic reframes inhibition as a circuit-specific computation rather than a uniform force. In this review, we discuss how disorders once attributed to \u201ctoo little inhibition\u201d\u2014including epilepsy, chronic pain, schizophrenia, and Parkinson\u2019s disease\u2014can now be traced to disruptions in receptor assembly, trafficking, or ensemble composition. We also examine how classical pharmacology, with benzodiazepines and barbiturates as blunt instruments, falls short of capturing this complexity. By contrast, emerging approaches\u2014subtype-selective allosteric modulators, gene editing, chaperone manipulation, and AI-guided ligand design\u2014point toward precision therapeutics that recalibrate inhibition at the level of specific cell types, ensembles, and circuit motifs. Taken together, inhibition emerges not as a static force but as a flexible, ensemble-driven computation embedded in receptor structure and circuit architecture, and modulated by internal states and environmental context. Decoding this logic and learning to manipulate it with precision marks the next frontier in inhibitory neuroscience and the development of next-generation therapies for brain disorders.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2025.1697905","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,15]],"date-time":"2025-10-15T05:43:03Z","timestamp":1760506983000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Decoding the structural and functional diversity of GABAA receptors: from ensemble logic to therapeutic opportunities"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Mario","family":"Trevi\u00f1o","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Magdalena","family":"Guerra-Crespo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francisco J.","family":"Padilla-God\u00ednez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luis O.","family":"Soto-Rojas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"El\u00edas","family":"Manjarrez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emmanuel","family":"Ortega-Robles","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julieta","family":"Rodr\u00edguez-de Ita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Oscar","family":"Arias-Carri\u00f3n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e15106","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.15106","article-title":"Synaptic pruning in the female hippocampus is triggered at puberty by extrasynaptic GABAA receptors on dendritic spines","volume":"5","author":"Afroz","year":"2016","journal-title":"eLife"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1186\/s40001-024-01779-7","article-title":"Role of GABA pathway in motor and non-motor symptoms in parkinson's disease: a bidirectional circuit","volume":"29","author":"Alharbi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Eur. J. Med. Res."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.1038\/366565a0","article-title":"GABAA receptor needs two homologous domains of the beta-subunit for activation by GABA but not by pentobarbital","volume":"366","author":"Amin","year":"1993","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e115378","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0115378","article-title":"Extrasynaptic \u03b16 subunit-containing GABAA receptors modulate excitability in turtle spinal motoneurons","volume":"9","author":"Andres","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.31083\/j.jin.2021.01.284","article-title":"Extrasynaptic \u03b4-subunit containing GABAA receptors","volume":"20","author":"Arslan","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Integr. Neurosci."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2768","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2015.12.002","article-title":"Bidirectional control of synaptic GABAAR clustering by glutamate and calcium","volume":"13","author":"Bannai","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cell Rep."},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107643","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2019.05.020","article-title":"Postsynaptic plasticity of GABAergic synapses","volume":"169","author":"Barberis","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neuropharmacology"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1016\/S0031-6997(24)01363-2","article-title":"International union of pharmacology. XV. Subtypes of gamma-aminobutyric acidA receptors: classification on the basis of subunit structure and receptor function","volume":"50","author":"Barnard","year":"1998","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Rev."},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1903","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2008.150706","article-title":"Interplay between neuromodulator-induced switching of short-term plasticity at sensorimotor synapses in the neonatal rat spinal cord","volume":"586","author":"Barri\u00e8re","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Physiol."},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1616","DOI":"10.1016\/j.febslet.2006.02.002","article-title":"A GABA(A) receptor of defined subunit composition and positioning: concatenation of five subunits","volume":"580","author":"Baur","year":"2006","journal-title":"FEBS Lett."},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1111\/jnc.12270","article-title":"Molecular analysis of the site for 2-arachidonylglycerol (2-AG) on the \u03b2\u2082 subunit of GABA(A) receptors","volume":"126","author":"Baur","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Neurochem."},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2621","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2010.188979","article-title":"Pre- and postsynaptic modulation of monosynaptic reflex by GABAA receptors on turtle spinal cord","volume":"588","author":"Bautista","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Physiol."},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12757","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.3340-09.2009","article-title":"Extrasynaptic GABAA receptors: form, pharmacology, and function","volume":"29","author":"Belelli","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1413","DOI":"10.1016\/s0028-3908(96)00068-8","article-title":"GABAA receptor subtypes differentiated by their gamma-subunit variants: prevalence, pharmacology and subunit architecture","volume":"35","author":"Benke","year":"1996","journal-title":"Neuropharmacology"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"976","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2015.08.022","article-title":"Loss of striatonigral GABAergic presynaptic inhibition enables motor sensitization in parkinsonian mice","volume":"87","author":"Borgkvist","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1493","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.4102","article-title":"Regulating anxiety with extrasynaptic inhibition","volume":"18","author":"Botta","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"899","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1471-4159.1998.70030899.x","article-title":"Expression of GABA receptor rho subunits in rat brain","volume":"70","author":"Boue-Grabot","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Neurochem."},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22043","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M801708200","article-title":"Mechanisms involved in the reduction of GABAA receptor alpha1-subunit expression caused by the epilepsy mutation A322D in the trafficking-competent receptor","volume":"283","author":"Bradley","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"613","DOI":"10.1097\/j.pain.0000000000000410","article-title":"The \u03b15 subunit containing GABAA receptors contribute to chronic pain","volume":"157","author":"Bravo-Hern\u00e1ndez","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2011.12.012","article-title":"Extrasynaptic GABA(A) receptors: their function in the CNS and implications for disease","volume":"73","author":"Brickley","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"753","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.2996-10.2011","article-title":"Profound desensitization by ambient GABA limits activation of \u03b4-containing GABAA receptors during spillover","volume":"31","author":"Bright","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3531","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2023.08.005","article-title":"Active cortical networks promote shunting fast synaptic inhibition in vivo","volume":"111","author":"Burman","year":"2023","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2916","DOI":"10.1096\/fasebj.5.14.1661244","article-title":"GABAA receptor subtypes: from pharmacology to molecular biology","volume":"5","author":"Burt","year":"1991","journal-title":"FASEB J."},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conb.2019.09.008","article-title":"Functional flexibility in cortical circuits","volume":"58","author":"Cardin","year":"2019","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Neurobiol."},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-013-3276-5","article-title":"Neurosteroid interactions with synaptic and extrasynaptic GABA(A) receptors: regulation of subunit plasticity, phasic and tonic inhibition, and neuronal network excitability","volume":"230","author":"Carver","year":"2013","journal-title":"Psychopharmacol. (Berl.)"},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.1124\/jpet.115.229302","article-title":"Neurosteroid structure-activity relationships for functional activation of extrasynaptic \u03b4GABA(A) receptors","volume":"357","author":"Carver","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther."},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1552145","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2025.1552145","article-title":"Pleiotropic neurotransmitters: neurotransmitter-receptor crosstalk regulates excitation-inhibition balance in social brain functions and pathologies","volume":"19","author":"Chai","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front. Neurosci."},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111584","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2022.111584","article-title":"Allosteric potentiation of GABAA receptor single-channel conductance by netrin-1 during neuronal-excitation-induced inhibitory synaptic homeostasis","volume":"41","author":"Chan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cell Rep."},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2341","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines12102341","article-title":"Radixin: roles in the nervous system and beyond","volume":"12","author":"Chong","year":"2024","journal-title":"Biomedicines"},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"583","DOI":"10.1124\/jpet.117.246660","article-title":"3\u03b2-Methyl-Neurosteroid analogs are preferential positive allosteric modulators and direct activators of extrasynaptic \u03b4-Subunit \u03b3-Aminobutyric acid type A receptors in the Hippocampus dentate gyrus subfield","volume":"365","author":"Chuang","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther."},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2018.11.031","article-title":"Zinc reduces antiseizure activity of neurosteroids by selective blockade of extrasynaptic GABA-A receptor-mediated tonic inhibition in the hippocampus","volume":"148","author":"Chuang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neuropharmacology"},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2166","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.2001.85.5.2166","article-title":"Post-episode depression of GABAergic transmission in spinal neurons of the chick embryo","volume":"85","author":"Chub","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Neurophysiol."},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3453","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-014-3617-z","article-title":"Phosphorylation of GABAA receptors influences receptor trafficking and neurosteroid actions","volume":"231","author":"Comenencia-Ortiz","year":"2014","journal-title":"Psychopharmacol. (Berl.)"},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.3389\/fncir.2013.00171","article-title":"Metabotropic regulation of extrasynaptic GABAA receptors","volume":"7","author":"Connelly","year":"2013","journal-title":"Front. Neural Circuits"},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.3892\/ijo.2012.1420","article-title":"miR-155 is up-regulated in primary and secondary glioblastoma and promotes tumour growth by inhibiting GABA receptors","volume":"41","author":"D'Urso","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int. J. Oncol."},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00569.2003","article-title":"Synaptic strength between motoneurons and terminals of the dorsolateral funiculus is regulated by GABA receptors in the turtle spinal cord","volume":"91","author":"Delgado-Lezama","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Neurophysiol."},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e14984","DOI":"10.14814\/phy2.14984","article-title":"The role of spinal cord extrasynaptic \u03b15GABAA receptors in chronic pain","volume":"9","author":"Delgado-Lezama","year":"2021","journal-title":"Physiol. Rep."},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e70098","DOI":"10.1111\/cns.70098","article-title":"Fasudil alleviates postoperative neurocognitive disorders in mice by downregulating the surface expression of \u03b15GABAAR in hippocampus","volume":"30","author":"Dong","year":"2024","journal-title":"CNS Neurosci. Ther."},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6727","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-025-61927-3","article-title":"Transcriptomic decoding of surface-based imaging phenotypes and its application to pharmacotranscriptomics","volume":"16","author":"Ecker","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2017.08.012","article-title":"Selective inhibition of extra-synaptic \u03b15-GABAA receptors by S44819, a new therapeutic agent","volume":"125","author":"Etherington","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neuropharmacology"},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21470","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-00792-8","article-title":"The effect of age and sex on the expression of GABA signaling components in the human hippocampus and entorhinal cortex","volume":"11","author":"Ethiraj","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1111\/bcpt.12778","article-title":"Development of a robust mammalian cell-based assay for studying recombinant \u03b14 \u03b21\/3 \u03b4 GABAA receptor subtypes","volume":"121","author":"Falk-Petersen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Basic Clin. Pharmacol. Toxicol."},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn1625","article-title":"Variations on an inhibitory theme: phasic and tonic activation of GABA (A) receptors","volume":"6","author":"Farrant","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Neurosci."},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-023-03574-7","article-title":"The role of extrasynaptic GABA receptors in postpartum depression","volume":"61","author":"Feng","year":"2024","journal-title":"Mol. Neurobiol."},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"897","DOI":"10.1111\/jnc.15140","article-title":"Sex-dependent pronociceptive role of spinal \u03b15-GABAA receptor and its epigenetic regulation in neuropathic rodents","volume":"156","author":"Franco-Enz\u00e1stiga","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Neurochem."},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-820589-1.00012-9","article-title":"Extrasynaptic \u03b15GABAA receptors and their role in nociception and pathological pain","volume-title":"The neurobiology, physiology, and psychology of pain","author":"Franco-Enz\u00e1stiga","year":"2022"},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1845","DOI":"10.1111\/ejn.12534","article-title":"GABAA receptors and plasticity of inhibitory neurotransmission in the central nervous system","volume":"39","author":"Fritschy","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur. J. Neurosci."},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn2788","article-title":"Protein palmitoylation in neuronal development and synaptic plasticity","volume":"11","author":"Fukata","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Neurosci."},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1186\/s43141-021-00224-0","article-title":"GABAA receptors: structure, function, pharmacology, and related disorders","volume":"19","author":"Ghit","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Genet. Eng. and Biotechnol."},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1060","DOI":"10.3390\/cells14141060","article-title":"A meta-review of spatial transcriptomics analysis software","volume":"14","author":"Gillespie","year":"2025","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1421","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.4751-07.2008","article-title":"Which GABA(A) receptor subunits are necessary for tonic inhibition in the hippocampus?","volume":"28","author":"Glykys","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"793","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2008.06.026","article-title":"Depression of spinal network activity by thiopental: shift from phasic to tonic GABA(A) receptor-mediated inhibition","volume":"55","author":"Grasshoff","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neuropharmacology"},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1012693","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1012693","article-title":"Therapeutic dose prediction of \u03b15-GABA receptor modulation from simulated EEG of depression severity","volume":"20","author":"Guet-McCreight","year":"2024","journal-title":"PLoS Comput. Biol."},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"eadq3788","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.adq3788","article-title":"Adaptive sampling-based structural prediction reveals opening of a GABAA receptor through the \u03b1\u03b2 interface","volume":"11","author":"Haloi","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sci. Adv."},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tins.2020.10.011","article-title":"Regulation of GABAARs by transmembrane accessory proteins","volume":"44","author":"Han","year":"2021","journal-title":"Trends Neurosci."},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1124\/mol.109.059832","article-title":"Photochemical proteolysis of an unstructured linker of the GABAAR extracellular domain prevents GABA but not pentobarbital activation","volume":"78","author":"Hanek","year":"2010","journal-title":"Mol. Pharmacol."},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2015.12.021","article-title":"High and low GABA sensitivity \u03b14\u03b22\u03b4 GABAA receptors are expressed in Xenopus laevis oocytes with divergent stoichiometries","volume":"103","author":"Hartiadi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biochem. Pharmacol."},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"620708","DOI":"10.1101\/2024.10.28.620708","article-title":"Mechanism of NACHO-mediated assembly of pentameric ligand-gated ion channels","author":"Hooda","year":"2024","journal-title":"bioRxiv Prepr."},{"key":"B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1052288","DOI":"10.3389\/fnmol.2023.1052288","article-title":"Involvement of the GABAergic system in PTSD and its therapeutic significance","volume":"16","author":"Huang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Mol. Neurosci."},{"key":"B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.b.33029","article-title":"Phenotypic manifestations of a new variant in HDAC4 gene","volume":"198","author":"Ianniello","year":"2025","journal-title":"Am. J. Med. Genet. B Neuropsychiatr. Genet."},{"key":"B61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.3389\/fnmol.2019.00179","article-title":"Neurobiology and therapeutic potential of \u03b15-GABA type A receptors","volume":"12","author":"Jacob","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Mol. Neurosci."},{"key":"B62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4353","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2014.278994","article-title":"Ionotropic GABA and glycine receptor subunit composition in human pluripotent stem cell-derived excitatory cortical neurones","volume":"592","author":"James","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Physiol."},{"key":"B63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11495","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.RA120.013452","article-title":"Photoaffinity labeling identifies an intersubunit steroid-binding site in heteromeric GABA type A (GABAA) receptors","volume":"295","author":"Jayakar","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"B64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.3996-07.2008","article-title":"Taurine is a potent activator of extrasynaptic GABAA receptors in the thalamus","volume":"28","author":"Jia","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"B65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-022-04402-z","article-title":"Mechanisms of inhibition and activation of extrasynaptic \u03b1\u03b2 GABAA receptors","volume":"602","author":"Kasaragod","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1868","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-9568.2010.07473.x","article-title":"Quantitative localisation of synaptic and extrasynaptic GABAA receptor subunits on hippocampal pyramidal cells by freeze-fracture replica immunolabelling","volume":"32","author":"Kasugai","year":"2010","journal-title":"Eur. J. Neurosci."},{"key":"B67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7889","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M806484200","article-title":"Unanticipated structural and functional properties of delta-subunit-containing GABAA receptors","volume":"284","author":"Kaur","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"B68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e18426","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.18426","article-title":"Similar GABAA receptor subunit composition in somatic and axon initial segment synapses of hippocampal pyramidal cells","volume":"5","author":"Kerti-Szigeti","year":"2016","journal-title":"eLife"},{"key":"B69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"927","DOI":"10.1016\/0896-6273(91)90338-z","article-title":"Expression patterns of GABAA receptor subtypes in developing hippocampal neurons","volume":"7","author":"Killisch","year":"1991","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"B70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22747","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M115.648824","article-title":"Neurotoxins from snake venoms and \u03b1-Conotoxin ImI inhibit functionally active ionotropic \u03b3-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptors","volume":"290","author":"Kudryavtsev","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"B71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"374","DOI":"10.1111\/jnc.14325","article-title":"GABAA receptor subunit expression changes in the human alzheimer's disease hippocampus, subiculum, entorhinal cortex and superior temporal gyrus","volume":"145","author":"Kwakowsky","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Neurochem."},{"key":"B72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"516","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-018-0833-4","article-title":"Cryo-EM structure of the human \u03b11\u03b23\u03b32 GABAA receptor in a lipid bilayer","volume":"565","author":"Laverty","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"990","DOI":"10.1016\/s0028-3908(99)00177-x","article-title":"Tonic benzodiazepine-sensitive GABAergic inhibition in cultured rodent cerebellar granule cells","volume":"39","author":"Leao","year":"2000","journal-title":"Neuropharmacology"},{"key":"B74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.3389\/fncir.2014.00003","article-title":"The impact of tonic GABAA receptor-mediated inhibition on neuronal excitability varies across brain region and cell type","volume":"8","author":"Lee","year":"2014","journal-title":"Front. Neural Circuits"},{"key":"B75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5091","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-40800-1","article-title":"Structural insights into opposing actions of neurosteroids on GABAA receptors","volume":"14","author":"Legesse","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"B76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12367","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.2786-07.2007","article-title":"Mechanisms of reversible GABAA receptor plasticity after ethanol intoxication","volume":"27","author":"Liang","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"B77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"879","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2015.10.026","article-title":"A comprehensive optogenetic pharmacology toolkit for in vivo control of GABA(A) receptors and synaptic inhibition","volume":"88","author":"Lin","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"B78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2175","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00330.2013","article-title":"\u03b1(5)GABA(A) receptors mediate primary afferent fiber tonic excitability in the turtle spinal cord","volume":"110","author":"Loeza-Alcocer","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Neurophysiol."},{"key":"B79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e97","DOI":"10.1002\/cpns.97","article-title":"Visualizing GABA A receptor trafficking dynamics with fluorogenic protein labeling","volume":"92","author":"Lombardi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Curr. Prot. Neurosci."},{"key":"B80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3870","DOI":"10.1111\/bph.70066","article-title":"A subtype-selective photoswitchable agonist for precise manipulation of GABAA receptors","volume":"182","author":"Lopez","year":"2025","journal-title":"Br. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"B81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1002\/dneu.22536","article-title":"GABA type a receptor trafficking and the architecture of synaptic inhibition","volume":"78","author":"Lorenz-Guertin","year":"2018","journal-title":"Dev. Neurobiol."},{"key":"B82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1422","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-018-03802-y","article-title":"GABAergic inhibition in dual-transmission cholinergic and GABAergic striatal interneurons is abolished in parkinson disease","volume":"9","author":"Lozovaya","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"B83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"702","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-013-8548-x","article-title":"GABAA receptor-mediated tonic depolarization in developing neural circuits","volume":"49","author":"Lu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Mol. Neurobiol."},{"key":"B84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2953","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00499.2018","article-title":"Extrasynaptic \u03b15GABAA receptors on proprioceptive afferents produce a tonic depolarization that modulates sodium channel function in the rat spinal cord","volume":"120","author":"Lucas-Osma","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Neurophysiol."},{"key":"B85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5403","DOI":"10.1111\/bph.13329","article-title":"Identification of the putative binding pocket of valerenic acid on GABAA receptors using docking studies and site-directed mutagenesis","volume":"172","author":"Luger","year":"2015","journal-title":"Br. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"B86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12371","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1610-11.2011","article-title":"Two amino acid residues contribute to a Cation-\u03c0 binding interaction in the binding site of an insect GABA receptor","volume":"31","author":"Lummis","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"B87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"788","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0567-18.2018","article-title":"Input-specific synaptic location and function of the \u03b15 GABAA receptor subunit in the mouse CA1 hippocampal neurons","volume":"39","author":"Magnin","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"B88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2155","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.4945-06.2007","article-title":"Neurosteroid synthesis-mediated regulation of GABA(A) receptors: relevance to the ovarian cycle and stress","volume":"27","author":"Maguire","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"B89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S84","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2009.06.019","article-title":"Steroid hormone fluctuations and GABA(A)R plasticity","volume":"34","author":"Maguire","year":"2009","journal-title":"Psychoneuroendocrinology"},{"key":"B90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115100","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2024.115100","article-title":"Pharmacological blocking of spinal GABAA receptors in monkeys reduces sensory transmission to the spinal cord, thalamus, and cortex","volume":"44","author":"Mahrous","year":"2025","journal-title":"Cell Rep."},{"key":"B91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"28822","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.4c08446","article-title":"Light-activated agonist-potentiator of GABAA receptors for reversible neuroinhibition in wildtype mice","volume":"146","author":"Maleeva","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc."},{"key":"B92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"454","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-018-0832-5","article-title":"GABAA receptor signalling mechanisms revealed by structural pharmacology","volume":"565","author":"Masiulis","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"667","DOI":"10.1016\/0896-6273(91)90379-e","article-title":"GABAA receptor subtypes immunopurified from rat brain with alpha subunit-specific antibodies have unique pharmacological properties","volume":"7","author":"McKernan","year":"1991","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"B94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105467","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isci.2022.105467","article-title":"Conformational state-dependent regulation of GABAA receptor diffusion and subsynaptic domains","volume":"25","author":"Merlaud","year":"2022","journal-title":"iScience"},{"key":"B95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e3","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033583524000179","article-title":"Molecular mechanisms of the GABA type A receptor function","volume":"58","author":"Micha\u0142owski","year":"2025","journal-title":"Q. Rev. Biophys."},{"key":"B96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1159\/000468926","article-title":"Developmental changes in expression of GABAA receptor subunits \u03b11, \u03b12, and \u03b13 in the pig brain","volume":"39","author":"Miller","year":"2017","journal-title":"Dev. Neurosci."},{"key":"B97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"841","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2006.117952","article-title":"Extrasynaptic alphabeta subunit GABAA receptors on rat hippocampal pyramidal neurons","volume":"577","author":"Mortensen","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Physiol."},{"key":"B98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3389\/fncel.2012.00001","article-title":"GABA potency at GABA(A) receptors found in synaptic and extrasynaptic zones","volume":"6","author":"Mortensen","year":"2012","journal-title":"Front. Cell. Neurosci."},{"key":"B99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-020-2829-0","article-title":"Single-particle cryo-EM at atomic resolution","volume":"587","author":"Nakane","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1186\/s13024-025-00867-4","article-title":"Biomarkers and therapeutic strategies targeting microglia in neurodegenerative diseases: current status and future directions","volume":"20","author":"Noh","year":"2025","journal-title":"Mol. Neurodegener."},{"key":"B101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1124\/pr.108.00505","article-title":"International union of pharmacology. LXX. Subtypes of gamma-aminobutyric acid(A) receptors: classification on the basis of subunit composition, pharmacology, and function. Update","volume":"60","author":"Olsen","year":"2008","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Rev."},{"key":"B102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2008.07.045","article-title":"GABA A receptors: subtypes provide diversity of function and pharmacology","volume":"56","author":"Olsen","year":"2009","journal-title":"Neuropharmacology"},{"key":"B103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1124\/molpharm.120.000091","article-title":"GABAA receptors expressed in oligodendrocytes cultured from the neonatal rat contain \u03b13 and \u03b31 subunits and present differential functional and pharmacological properties","volume":"99","author":"Ordaz","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mol. Pharmacol."},{"key":"B104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1192","DOI":"10.1097\/ALN.0000000000004949","article-title":"Discovering the intriguing properties of extrasynaptic \u03b3-Aminobutyric acid type A receptors","volume":"140","author":"Orser","year":"2024","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"B105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"886","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.4791-06.2007","article-title":"Unnatural amino acid mutagenesis of the GABAA receptor binding site residues reveals a novel Cation\u2013\u03c0 interaction between GABA and \u03b22Tyr97","volume":"27","author":"Padgett","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"B106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"ENEURO.0496-0418","DOI":"10.1523\/ENEURO.0496-18.2019","article-title":"GABAA receptors are well preserved in the hippocampus of aged mice","volume":"6","author":"Palpagama","year":"2019","journal-title":"eNeuro"},{"key":"B107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1186\/s13293-018-0214-6","article-title":"Sex- and age-related changes in GABA signaling components in the human cortex","volume":"10","author":"Pandya","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biol. Sex. Differ."},{"key":"B108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1619","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00007.2017","article-title":"Hippocampal GABAergic inhibitory interneurons","volume":"97","author":"Pelkey","year":"2017","journal-title":"Physiol. Rev."},{"key":"B109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"360","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.10379","article-title":"Human GABA A receptors on dopaminergic neurons in the pars compacta of the substantia nigra","volume":"452","author":"Petri","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Comp. Neurol."},{"key":"B110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1016\/s0006-8993(02)02469-1","article-title":"Picrotoxin and bicuculline have different effects on lumbar spinal net works and motoneurons in the neonatal rat","volume":"935","author":"Pflieger","year":"2002","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"key":"B111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e39383","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.39383","article-title":"Cryo-EM structure of the benzodiazepine-sensitive \u03b11\u03b21\u03b32S tri-heteromeric GABAA receptor in complex with GABA","volume":"7","author":"Phulera","year":"2018","journal-title":"eLife"},{"key":"B112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11671","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms241411671","article-title":"MD-Ligand-Receptor: a high-performance computing tool for characterizing ligand-receptor binding interactions in molecular dynamics trajectories","volume":"24","author":"Pieroni","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"B113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1095","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00025.2021","article-title":"Chloride transporters controlling neuronal excitability","volume":"103","author":"Pressey","year":"2023","journal-title":"Physiol. Rev."},{"key":"B114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1159\/000496086","article-title":"Novel benzodiazepine-like ligands with various anxiolytic, antidepressant, or pro-cognitive profiles","volume":"5","author":"Prevot","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mol. Neuropsychiatry"},{"key":"B115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5541","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jafc.2c01463","article-title":"Optical regulation of GABA receptor by visible light via azobenzene\u2013phenylpyrazole","volume":"70","author":"Qiao","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"key":"B116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"948","DOI":"10.1097\/j.pain.0000000000002763","article-title":"Activation of \u03b1 6 -containing GABA A receptors induces antinociception under physiological and pathological conditions","volume":"164","author":"Rodr\u00edguez-Palma","year":"2023","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"B117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"685","DOI":"10.1038\/nrd3502","article-title":"Beyond classical benzodiazepines: novel therapeutic potential of GABAA receptor subtypes","volume":"10","author":"Rudolph","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Drug Discov."},{"key":"B118","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-pharmtox-011613-135947","article-title":"GABAA receptor subtypes: therapeutic potential in Down syndrome, affective disorders, schizophrenia, and autism","volume":"54","author":"Rudolph","year":"2014","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Pharmacol. Toxicol."},{"key":"B119","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1039\/d2cb00207h","article-title":"Protein-protein interfaces in molecular glue-induced ternary complexes: classification, characterization, and prediction","volume":"4","author":"Rui","year":"2023","journal-title":"RSC Chem. Biol."},{"key":"B120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6242","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-84646-3","article-title":"Characterization of zebrafish GABAA receptor subunits","volume":"11","author":"Sadamitsu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"B121","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13341","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.3277-07.2007","article-title":"Activity-dependent ubiquitination of GABA(A) receptors regulates their accumulation at synaptic sites","volume":"27","author":"Saliba","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"B122","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"334","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2017.04.043","article-title":"Synthesis and pharmacological evaluation of neurosteroid photoaffinity ligands","volume":"136","author":"Savechenkov","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur. J. Med. Chem."},{"key":"B123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"591129","DOI":"10.3389\/fnsyn.2020.591129","article-title":"Two distinct populations of \u03b11\u03b16-Containing GABAA-receptors in rat cerebellum","volume":"12","author":"Scholze","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Synaptic Neurosci."},{"key":"B124","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"738","DOI":"10.1126\/science.adt8990","article-title":"Gatekeepers of the brain: identifying hidden mechanisms of type A GABA receptor signaling and assembly","volume":"386","author":"Sente","year":"2024","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"B125","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1038\/s42003-019-0413-7","article-title":"Human brain transcriptome analysis finds region- and subject-specific expression signatures of GABAAR subunits","volume":"2","author":"Sequeira","year":"2019","journal-title":"Commun. Biol."},{"key":"B126","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7452","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.15-11-07452.1995","article-title":"Pharmacological characterization of the rhythmic synaptic drive onto lumbosacral motoneurons in the chick embryo spinal cord","volume":"15","author":"Sernagor","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"B127","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"458","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.21115","article-title":"Synaptic and nonsynaptic localization of GABAA receptors containing the alpha5 subunit in the rat brain","volume":"499","author":"Serwanski","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Comp. Neurol."},{"key":"B128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.3389\/fncel.2011.00007","article-title":"GABAA receptors: post-synaptic Co-Localization and cross-talk with other receptors","volume":"5","author":"Shrivastava","year":"2011","journal-title":"Front. Cell. Neurosci."},{"key":"B129","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"836","DOI":"10.1124\/pr.117.014449","article-title":"International union of basic and clinical pharmacology. CVI: GABAA receptor Subtype- and function-selective ligands: key issues in translation to humans","volume":"70","author":"Sieghart","year":"2018","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Rev."},{"key":"B130","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1016\/s0197-0186(99)00045-5","article-title":"Structure and subunit composition of GABA(A) receptors","volume":"34","author":"Sieghart","year":"1999","journal-title":"Neurochem. Int."},{"key":"B131","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1124\/pharmrev.121.000293","article-title":"\u03b16-Containing GABAA receptors: functional roles and therapeutic potentials","volume":"74","author":"Sieghart","year":"2022","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Rev."},{"key":"B132","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.2174\/187152707781387251","article-title":"Extrasynaptic GABA and glutamate receptors in epilepsy","volume":"6","author":"Sierra-Paredes","year":"2007","journal-title":"CNS Neurol. Disord. Drug Targets"},{"key":"B133","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"659","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tips.2018.03.006","article-title":"The benzodiazepine binding sites of GABAA receptors","volume":"39","author":"Sigel","year":"2018","journal-title":"Trends Pharmacol. Sci."},{"key":"B134","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"703","DOI":"10.1016\/0896-6273(90)90224-4","article-title":"The effect of subunit composition of rat brain GABAA receptors on channel function","volume":"5","author":"Sigel","year":"1990","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"B135","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18150","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1113444108","article-title":"The major central endocannabinoid directly acts at GABAA receptors","volume":"108","author":"Sigel","year":"2011","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A."},{"key":"B136","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"148929","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2024.148929","article-title":"Manipulation of \u03b14\u03b2\u03b4 GABAA receptors alters synaptic pruning in layer 3 prelimbic prefrontal cortex and impairs temporal order recognition: implications for schizophrenia and autism","volume":"1835","author":"Smith","year":"2024","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"key":"B137","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"324","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.24337","article-title":"GABAA receptor subunits in the human amygdala and hippocampus: immunohistochemical distribution of 7 subunits","volume":"526","author":"Stefanits","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Comp. Neurol."},{"key":"B138","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"738","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms1744","article-title":"Intracellular chloride concentration influences the GABAA receptor subunit composition","volume":"3","author":"Succol","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"B139","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e55331","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.55331","article-title":"Site-specific effects of neurosteroids on GABAA receptor activation and desensitization","volume":"9","author":"Sugasawa","year":"2020","journal-title":"eLife"},{"key":"B166","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-023-06556-w","article-title":"Cryo-EM structures reveal native GABAA receptor assemblies and pharmacology","volume":"622","author":"Sun","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B140","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1038\/s41386-023-01728-8","article-title":"Modulators of GABAA receptor-mediated inhibition in the treatment of neuropsychiatric disorders: past, present, and future","volume":"49","author":"Thompson","year":"2024","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"B141","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2728","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.17-08-02728.1997","article-title":"Stoichiometry and assembly of a recombinant GABAA receptor subtype","volume":"17","author":"Tretter","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"B142","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.3389\/fnsyn.2016.00011","article-title":"Inhibition controls asynchronous states of neuronal networks","volume":"8","author":"Trevi\u00f1o","year":"2016","journal-title":"Front. Synaptic Neurosci."},{"key":"B143","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1016\/j.encep.2019.09.007","article-title":"GABAergic approach of postpartum depression: a translational review of literature","volume":"46","author":"Verbe","year":"2020","journal-title":"L'Encephale"},{"key":"B144","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"919","DOI":"10.1016\/0896-6273(90)90145-6","article-title":"Functional properties of recombinant rat GABAA receptors depend upon subunit composition","volume":"4","author":"Verdoorn","year":"1990","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"B145","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1220","DOI":"10.1213\/ANE.0000000000001349","article-title":"Regulating the efficacy of inhibition through trafficking of \u03b3-Aminobutyric acid type A receptors","volume":"123","author":"Vien","year":"2016","journal-title":"Anesth. Analg."},{"key":"B146","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"912","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.21573","article-title":"Differential localization of GABAA receptor subunits within the substantia nigra of the human brain: an immunohistochemical study","volume":"506","author":"Waldvogel","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Comp. Neurol."},{"key":"B147","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-211-92660-4_5","article-title":"The localization of inhibitory neurotransmitter receptors on dopaminergic neurons of the human substantia nigra","author":"Waldvogel","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Neural Transm. Suppl."},{"key":"B148","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"866","DOI":"10.1007\/s12264-014-1466-8","article-title":"Activation of extrasynaptic GABA(A) receptors inhibits cyclothiazide-induced epileptiform activity in hippocampal CA1 neurons","volume":"30","author":"Wan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neurosci. Bull."},{"key":"B149","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6649","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2024.09.006","article-title":"The TMEM132B-GABAA receptor complex controls alcohol actions in the brain","volume":"187","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"B150","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107356","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2024.107356","article-title":"Pharmacological chaperones restore proteostasis of epilepsy-associated GABAA receptor variants","volume":"208","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Res."},{"key":"B151","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18474","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M116.738906","article-title":"Toward understanding functional properties and subunit arrangement of \u03b14\u03b22\u03b4 \u03b3-Aminobutyric acid, type A (GABAA) receptors","volume":"291","author":"Wongsamitkul","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"B152","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"810","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2018.11.019","article-title":"Inhibitable photolabeling by neurosteroid diazirine analog in the \u03b23-Subunit of human hetereopentameric type A GABA receptors","volume":"162","author":"Wu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur. J. Med. Chem."},{"key":"B153","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1124\/mol.63.1.2","article-title":"Tonically activated GABAA receptors in hippocampal neurons are high-affinity, low-conductance sensors for extracellular GABA","volume":"63","author":"Yeung","year":"2003","journal-title":"Mol. Pharmacol."},{"key":"B154","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1186\/1749-8104-5-11","article-title":"Pharmacological manipulation of GABA-driven activity in ovo disrupts the development of dendritic morphology but not the maturation of spinal cord network activity","volume":"5","author":"Yoon","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neural Dev."},{"key":"B155","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7892","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.RA118.007172","article-title":"A photoreactive analog of allopregnanolone enables identification of steroid-binding sites in a nicotinic acetylcholine receptor","volume":"294","author":"Yu","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"B156","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"195025","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbagrm.2024.195025","article-title":"Illuminating ligand-induced dynamics in nuclear receptors through MD simulations","volume":"1867","author":"Yu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta Gene Regul. Mech."},{"key":"B157","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"591395","DOI":"10.1101\/2024.04.26.591395","article-title":"GABA and astrocytic cholesterol determine the lipid environment of GABAAR in cultured cortical neurons","volume":"8","author":"Yuan","year":"2024","journal-title":"Commun. Biol."},{"key":"B158","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1390742","DOI":"10.3389\/fncel.2024.1390742","article-title":"Region and layer-specific expression of GABAA receptor isoforms and KCC2 in developing cortex","volume":"18","author":"Zavalin","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front. Cell. Neurosci."},{"key":"B159","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12264-025-01436-x","article-title":"Restoration of extrasynaptic\/synaptic GABAAR-\u03b15 localization improves sevoflurane-induced early memory impairment in aged mice","author":"Zhang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Neurosci. Bull"},{"key":"B160","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5017","DOI":"10.1111\/jcmm.14358","article-title":"Role of microRNA-155 in modifying neuroinflammation and \u03b3-aminobutyric acid transporters in specific central regions after post-ischaemic seizures","volume":"23","author":"Zhang","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Cell. Mol. Med."},{"key":"B161","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.2147\/NDT.S181669","article-title":"HDAC4 gene silencing alleviates epilepsy by inhibition of GABA in a rat model","volume":"15","author":"Zhang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neuropsychiatr. Dis. Treat."},{"key":"B165","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"562","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-024-08454-1","article-title":"Resolving native GABAA receptor structures from the human brain","volume":"638","author":"Zhou","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B162","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0191583","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0191583","article-title":"High-level production and purification in a functional state of an extrasynaptic gamma-aminobutyric acid type A receptor containing \u03b14\u03b23\u03b4 subunits","volume":"13","author":"Zhou","year":"2018","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"B163","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4237","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20174237","article-title":"Recent insights from molecular dynamics simulations for G protein-coupled receptor drug discovery","volume":"20","author":"Zou","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Pharmacology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fphar.2025.1697905\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,15]],"date-time":"2025-10-15T05:43:05Z","timestamp":1760506985000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fphar.2025.1697905\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,15]]},"references-count":165,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fphar.2025.1697905"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fphar.2025.1697905","relation":{},"ISSN":["1663-9812"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1663-9812","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,15]]},"article-number":"1697905"}}