{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,25]],"date-time":"2026-02-25T09:02:31Z","timestamp":1772010151069,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":119,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,25]],"date-time":"2026-02-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1771977600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Pharmacol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Malanje Municipality in north-central Angola harbors exceptional botanical and cultural diversity, yet remains poorly documented for traditional medicinal plant knowledge; this study provides the first systematic ethnopharmacological baseline to guide pharmacological prioritization, conservation, and policy-relevant integration of traditional medicine.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Between 2018 and 2023, we conducted semi-structured interviews (n = 20 traditional healers), participatory observation,\n                      <jats:italic>in situ<\/jats:italic>\n                      photographic documentation, and GPS mapping. Voucher specimens were taxonomically verified against herbarium material and online resources. Quantitative indices included frequency measures and rank order priority (ROP); therapeutic indications were grouped using ICD-11 categories.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Informants reported 272 ethnospecies, of which 78 taxa (39 families) were identified to species level. Fabaceae (9%), Asteraceae (6.4%), and Euphorbiaceae, Poaceae, and Zingiberaceae (each 5.1%) were most represented families. Leaves (53.8%) and roots (42.3%) were the principal parts used; decoction (60%) and maceration (31%) were the most common preparations. ROP prioritized\n                      <jats:italic>Terminalia brachystemma<\/jats:italic>\n                      (81.8),\n                      <jats:italic>Securidaca longepedunculata<\/jats:italic>\n                      (54.4), and\n                      <jats:italic>Mondia whitei<\/jats:italic>\n                      (52.2) for follow-up study. Treated conditions clustered in gastrointestinal disorders (43.6%) and infectious\/parasitic diseases (29.5%). Healers reported several contraindications and observable adverse effects.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This work provides the first comprehensive ethnopharmacological register for Malanje Municipality, highlighting high-priority species for phytochemical, pharmacological, and toxicological evaluation and identifying conservation and sustainable-use concerns (notably root harvest). Limitations include a modest sample of informants and incomplete taxonomic resolution for many ethnospecies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Recommendations<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Expand sampling across the province, complete voucher identification, perform contamination and toxicity screening, and develop community-led cultivation and stewardship plans that align with Angola\u2019s National Policy for Traditional and Complementary Medicine.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2025.1702353","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,25]],"date-time":"2026-02-25T08:10:27Z","timestamp":1772007027000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["An ethnopharmacological assessment of medicinal plants in Malanje Municipality, Angola"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Agostinho Ant\u00f3nio","family":"Barroso","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico, Universidade Rainha Njinga A Mbande","place":["Malanje, Angola"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andr\u00e9 Alberto","family":"Martins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico, Universidade Rainha Njinga A Mbande","place":["Malanje, Angola"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Agostinho","family":"Morais","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico, Universidade Rainha Njinga A Mbande","place":["Malanje, Angola"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Peterson Carlos Foguete","family":"Katenda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico, Universidade Rainha Njinga A Mbande","place":["Malanje, Angola"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Madalena Feca","family":"Jamba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico, Universidade Rainha Njinga A Mbande","place":["Malanje, Angola"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mateus Ferreira Alfredo","family":"Gon\u00e7alves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade Rainha Njinga a Mbande","place":["Malanje, Angola"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mateus Andr\u00e9","family":"Sebasti\u00e3o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico, Universidade Rainha Njinga A Mbande","place":["Malanje, Angola"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bernardo Nicodemo","family":"Chimbuco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico, Universidade Rainha Njinga A Mbande","place":["Malanje, Angola"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yanelis Saucedo","family":"Hern\u00e1ndez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico, Universidade Rainha Njinga A Mbande","place":["Malanje, Angola"]},{"name":"Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Qu\u00edmica y Farmacia, Universidad Central \u201cMarta Abreu\u201d de Las Villas","place":["Santa Clara, Villa Clara, Cuba"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dany Siverio","family":"Mota","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico, Universidade Rainha Njinga A Mbande","place":["Malanje, Angola"]},{"name":"Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Qu\u00edmica y Farmacia, Universidad Central \u201cMarta Abreu\u201d de Las Villas","place":["Santa Clara, Villa Clara, Cuba"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Venancio Ribalta","family":"Ribalta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico, Universidade Rainha Njinga A Mbande","place":["Malanje, Angola"]},{"name":"Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Qu\u00edmica y Farmacia, Universidad Central \u201cMarta Abreu\u201d de Las Villas","place":["Santa Clara, Villa Clara, Cuba"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Amandio","family":"Gomes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias Naturais da Universidade Agostinho Neto","place":["Luanda, Angola"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Enoel Hern\u00e1ndes","family":"Barreto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico, Universidade Rainha Njinga A Mbande","place":["Malanje, Angola"]},{"name":"Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Qu\u00edmica y Farmacia, Universidad Central \u201cMarta Abreu\u201d de Las Villas","place":["Santa Clara, Villa Clara, Cuba"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eduardo","family":"Ekundi-Valentim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico, Universidade Rainha Njinga A Mbande","place":["Malanje, Angola"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"B122","first-page":"7","article-title":"A review on African violet tree (Securidaca longipedunculata): a traditional drug with multiple medicinal uses","volume":"4","author":"Abubakar","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Chem."},{"key":"B121","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sajb.2019.03.020","article-title":"South African botanical resources: a gold mine of natural pro-inflammatory enzyme inhibitors?","volume":"123","author":"Adebayo","year":"2019","journal-title":"S. Afr. J. Bot."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2010.04.028","article-title":"Anticonvulsant, anxiolytic and sedative activities of the aqueous root extract of Securidaca longepedunculata Fresen","volume":"130","author":"Adeyemi","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.3923\/ajft.2017.271.284","article-title":"Monodora myristica (Gaertn.) dunal: a plant with multiple food, health and medicinal applications: a review","volume":"12","author":"Agiriga","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am. J. Food Technol."},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phytol.2022.11.004","article-title":"Chemical constituents and antioxidant capacities of Asparagus africanus Lam","volume":"53","author":"Akissi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Phytochem. Lett."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins12030182","article-title":"Mycotoxin contamination concerns herbs and medicinal plants","volume":"12","author":"A\u0142tyn","year":"2020","journal-title":"Toxins"},{"key":"B7","volume-title":"Antinociceptive and Hypothermic Evaluation of the Leaf Essential Oil and Isolated Terpenoids From Eugenia Uniflora L.(Brazilian Pitanga). Phytomedicine","author":"Amorim","year":"2009"},{"key":"B8","article-title":"Uso de plantas medicinais por caboclos do baixo Amazonas. Barcarena, Pa, Brasil","volume":"4","author":"Amorozo","year":"1988","journal-title":"Bol. Mus. Para. Em\u00edlio Goeldi, S\u00e9r. Bot."},{"key":"B9","article-title":"Presidential decree no. 285\/20 of 2 October. the national policy for traditional and alternative medicine","volume":"155","year":"2025","journal-title":"1st Ser. Official Gazette N\u00b0"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105712","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jff.2023.105712","article-title":"Mexican tea (Dysphania ambrosioides (L.) Mosyakin and Clemants) seeds attenuate tourniquet-induced hind limb ischemia\u2013reperfusion injury by modulating ROS and NLRP3 inflammasome pathways","volume":"108","author":"Annaz","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Funct. Foods"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"466","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiosc.2023.03.003","article-title":"Thyme essential oil fostering the efficacy of aqueous extract of licorice against fungal phytopathogens of Capsicum annuum L","volume":"135","author":"Arora","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Biosci. Bioeng."},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.37358\/RC.20.7.8222","article-title":"Heavy metal contamination of medicinal plants and potential implications on human health","volume":"71","author":"Asiminicesei","year":"2020","journal-title":"Rev. Chim."},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105352","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jff.2022.105352","article-title":"Avocado (Persea americana Mill.) seeds compounds affect Helicobacter pylori infection and gastric adenocarcinoma cells growth","volume":"99","author":"Athaydes","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Funct. Foods"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"116839","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2023.116839","article-title":"Antifungal and antibacterial activities of Cannabis sativa L. resins","volume":"318","author":"Berardo","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"792","DOI":"10.12980\/apjtb.4.2014c1298","article-title":"Antioxidant, antimicrobial, cytotoxic and analgesic activities of ethanolic extract of Mentha arvensis L","volume":"4","author":"Biswas","year":"2014","journal-title":"Asian Pac. J. Trop. Biomed."},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2010.04.030","article-title":"Neuroprotective effect of Artemisia absinthium L. on focal ischemia and reperfusion-induced cerebral injury","volume":"129","author":"Bora","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacology"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"304","DOI":"10.52076\/eacad-v3i2.192","article-title":"Estudo fitoqu\u00edmico e potencial antiinflamat\u00f3rio e antioxidante das folhas de cajazeira Spondias","volume":"26","author":"Cabral","year":"2016","journal-title":"Rev. Bras. Farmacogn."},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115958","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2022.115958","article-title":"Antiviral activity of two Acanthospermum species against herpes simplex virus 1","volume":"303","author":"Cantero-Gonz\u00e1lez","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107490","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodcont.2020.107490","article-title":"Efeito inibit\u00f3rio do extrato de mela\u00e7o de cana-de-a\u00e7\u00facar (Saccharum officinarum L.) na forma\u00e7\u00e3o de aminas heteroc\u00edclicas em asas de frango fritas","volume":"119","author":"Cheng","year":"2021","journal-title":"Controle Aliment."},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113204","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2020.113204","article-title":"The traditional use of southern African medicinal plants for the treatment of bacterial respiratory diseases: a review of the ethnobotany and scientific evaluations","volume":"263","author":"Cock","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1590\/s0102-695x2013000100017","article-title":"Anti-inflammatory, antiallodynic effects and quantitative analysis of gallic acid in spray dried powders from Phyllanthus niruri leaves, stems, roots and whole plant","volume":"23","author":"Couto","year":"2013","journal-title":"Rev. Bras. Farmacogn."},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.4314\/ajtcam.v10i2.4","article-title":"Phytochemistry, pharmacology and ethnomedicinal uses of Ficus thonningii (Blume Moraceae): a review. African Journal of Traditional","volume":"10","author":"Dangarembizi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Complementary Altern. Med."},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.31254\/phyto.2017.6608","article-title":"General overview of medicinal plants: a review","volume":"6","author":"Dar","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Phytopharm."},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"561248","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2020.561248","article-title":"Plants of the genus Terminalia: an insight on its biological potentials, pre-clinical and clinical studies","volume":"11","author":"Das","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Pharmacol."},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113796","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2022.113796","article-title":"Effects of Psidium guajava L. leaves extract on blood pressure control and IL-10 production in salt-dependent hypertensive rats","volume":"155","author":"de Assis Braga","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biomed. and Pharmacother."},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113607","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2020.113607","article-title":"Costus spiralis (Jacq.) roscoe leaves fractions have potential to reduce effects of inflammatory diseases","volume":"268","author":"de Farias Silva","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacology"},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9790","DOI":"10.1080\/07391102.2024.2335299","article-title":"Phytochemical analysis and antioxidant potential of Mondia whitei and Guibourtia tessmannii against H2O2-induced cytotoxicity in PC3 cells","volume":"43","author":"Deeh","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Biomol. Struct. Dyn."},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"112777","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2020.112777","article-title":"Vernonia anthelmintica (L.) Willd.: an ethnomedicinal, phytochemical, pharmacological and toxicological review","volume":"256","author":"Dogra","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacology"},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ibneur.2021.01.001","article-title":"Behavioural and biochemical indications of the antidepressant activities of essential oils from monodora myristica (Gaertn) seed and Xylopia aethiopica (Dunal) fruit in rats","volume":"10","author":"Ekeanyanwu","year":"2021","journal-title":"IBRO Neurosci. Rep."},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"696","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules26030696","article-title":"Okra (Abelmoschus Esculentus) as a potential dietary medicine with nutraceutical importance for sustainable health applications","volume":"26","author":"Elkhalifa","year":"2021","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"242","DOI":"10.32712\/2446-4775.2021.1066","article-title":"Etnobot\u00e2nica sobre plantas medicinais na localidade do Jombe I - Conda, Cuanza Sul - Angola","volume":"15","author":"Fan\u00e7ony","year":"2021","journal-title":"Rev. Fitos"},{"key":"B32","first-page":"39","article-title":"Etnobot\u00e2nica da Serra do Jatob\u00e1: usos locais e conserva\u00e7\u00e3o","volume":"1","author":"Felix","year":"2019","journal-title":"FLOVET"},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"881","DOI":"10.1007\/s11240-014-0664-4","article-title":"Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) in the service of biotechnology","volume":"120","author":"Gerszberg","year":"2015","journal-title":"Plant Cell, Tissue Organ Cult. (PCTOC)"},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104507","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bse.2022.104507","article-title":"GC-MS analysis and antimicrobial activities of a rosmarinus officinalis L. essential oil from Kashan Region (Iran)","volume":"105","author":"Ghavam","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biochem. Syst. Ecol."},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13002-016-0116-9","article-title":"Plants from disturbed savannah vegetation and their usage by Bakongo tribes in U\u00edge, Northern Angola","volume":"12","author":"G\u00f6hre","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Ethnobiol. Ethnomedicine"},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.31492\/2184-2043.RILP2018.35\/pp.83-102","article-title":"Conhecimento etnobot\u00e2nico da prov\u00edncia da Hu\u00edla (Angola): um contributo baseado nos registos de campo do colector Jos\u00e9 Maria Daniel","volume":"35","author":"Gon\u00e7alves","year":"2019","journal-title":"Rev. Int. Em L\u00edngua Port."},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-03083-4_5","article-title":"The flora of Angola: collectors, richness, and endemism","volume-title":"Biodiversity of Angola","author":"Goyder","year":"2019"},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.5897\/ajpp2025.5434","article-title":"Ethnopharmacology, toxicology and phytochemical composition of Mondia whitei (Hook. f.) Skeels (Apocynaceae)","volume":"19","author":"Hagari","year":"2025","journal-title":"Afr. J. Pharm. Pharmacol."},{"key":"B39","first-page":"203","article-title":"Safety of medicinal plants","volume":"43","author":"Haq","year":"2004","journal-title":"Pak J. Med. Res."},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1186\/s13002-016-0116-9","article-title":"First ethnobotanical analysis of useful plants in Cuanza Norte, north Angola","volume":"6","author":"Heinze","year":"2017","journal-title":"Res. and Rev. J. Botanical Sci."},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1007\/s12231-018-9439-x","article-title":"The economicc potential of selected native plants from Cuanza Norte, northern Angola","volume":"73","author":"Heinze","year":"2019","journal-title":"Econ. Bot."},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109632","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodcont.2023.109632","article-title":"Antifungal potential of aqueous extracts of coconut (Cocos nucifera L.) by-products against blue mold disease on Persian lime during storage","volume":"148","author":"Hern\u00e1ndez-Flores","year":"2023","journal-title":"Food Control."},{"key":"B43","volume-title":"Estudo da bioatividade de compostos fitoqu\u00edmicos de plantas medicinais africanas: cochlospermum angolensis","author":"Hossi","year":"2017"},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-18923-4_6","article-title":"Soil, water and nutrients","volume-title":"Ecology of Angola","author":"Huntley","year":"2023"},{"key":"B45","first-page":"24","article-title":"A mini review on the phytochemistry and pharmacology of Aframomum alboviolaceum (Zingiberaceae)","volume":"4","author":"Inkoto","year":"2021","journal-title":"South Asian Res. J. Nat. Prod."},{"key":"B46","unstructured":"International society of Ethnobiology code of ethics (with 2008 additions)\n          \n          \n          2006"},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajme.2016.08.001","article-title":"Protective role of Spondias mombin leaf and Cola acuminata seed extracts against scopolamineinduced cognitive dysfunction","volume":"54","author":"Ishola","year":"2018","journal-title":"Alexandria Journal Medicine"},{"key":"B48","article-title":"Effects of monodora Myristica root bark on acute and chronic inflammation","volume-title":"Proceedings of the West African Network for Natural Products Research Conference","author":"Isiogugu","year":"2018"},{"key":"B49","unstructured":"The IUCN red list of threatened species. Version 2018-2\n          \n          \n          2018"},{"key":"B120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"864","DOI":"10.1021\/np960638h","article-title":"African ethnobotany: poisons and drugs: chemistry, pharmacology, toxicology","volume":"60","author":"Iwu","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Nat. Prod."},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"116390","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2023.116390","article-title":"Neuroprotection by Alstonia boonei De Wild., Anacardium occidentale L., Azadirachta indica A. Juss. and Mangifera indica L","volume":"310","author":"Iwuanyanwu","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104541","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arabjc.2023.104541","article-title":"The medicinal Umbelliferae plant Fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.): cultivation, traditional uses, phytopharmacological properties, and application in animal husbandry","volume":"16","author":"Jadid","year":"2023","journal-title":"Arabian J. Chem."},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaim.2016.11.003","article-title":"Plant parts substitution-based approach as a viable conservation strategy for medicinal plants: a case study of Premna latifolia Roxb","volume":"8","author":"Jena","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Ayurveda Integr. Med."},{"key":"B53","first-page":"19","article-title":"Traditional uses, chemical composition and pharmacological activities of the genus terminalia","volume":"10","author":"Joujeh","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. J. Sci. Res. Biol. Sci."},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"316","DOI":"10.1007\/s12011-019-01974-2","article-title":"Heavy metal levels and mineral nutrient status in different parts of various medicinal plants collected from eastern mediterranean region of Turkey","volume":"197","author":"Karahan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biol. Trace Elem. Res."},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1108","DOI":"10.3390\/plants10061108","article-title":"Potential toxicity of medicinal plants inventoried in northeastern Morocco: an ethnobotanical approach","volume":"10","author":"Kharchoufa","year":"2021","journal-title":"Plants"},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1007\/s12011-018-1357-3","article-title":"Concentration, source, and potential human health risk of heavy metals in the commonly consumed medicinal plants","volume":"187","author":"Kohzadi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biol. Trace Elem. Res."},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1247","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2015.10.008","article-title":"Cytotoxicity of compounds from Xylopia aethiopica towards multi-factorial drug-resistant cancer cells","volume":"22","author":"Kuete","year":"2015","journal-title":"Phytomedicine"},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29505","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-018-2993-z","article-title":"Profiling of heavy metal and pesticide residues in medicinal plants","volume":"25","author":"Kumar","year":"2018","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res."},{"key":"B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4331","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v12.i27.4331","article-title":"Cortex cinnamomi extract prevents streptozotocin- and cytokine-induced \u03b2-cell damage by inhibiting NF-\u03baB","volume":"12","author":"Kwon","year":"2006","journal-title":"World J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1186\/s13002-018-0238-3","article-title":"First large-scale ethnobotanical survey in the province of U\u00edge, northern Angola","volume":"14","author":"Lautenschl\u00e4ger","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Ethnobiol. Ethnomedicine"},{"key":"B61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sajb.2022.09.037","article-title":"Anti-tumour efficacy of Musa paradisiaca flower extracts on DMBA induced mammary carcinogenesis in female wistar rats","volume":"151","author":"Lavudi","year":"2022","journal-title":"South Afr. J. Bot."},{"key":"B62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"116851","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2023.116851","article-title":"Anti-inflammatory effects of Allium cepa L. peel extracts via inhibition of JAK-STAT pathway in LPS-stimulated RAW264. 7 cells","volume":"317","author":"Lee","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"B63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2017.11.007","article-title":"Inhibitory effects of (+)-spectaline and iso-6-spectaline from Senna spectabilis on the growth and ultrastructure of human-infective species Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense bloodstream form","volume":"184","author":"Lim","year":"2018","journal-title":"Exp. Parasitology"},{"key":"B64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fitote.2009.05.006","article-title":"Phytochemical and antifungal studies on Terminalia mollis and Terminalia brachystemma","volume":"80","author":"Liu","year":"2009","journal-title":"Fitoterapia"},{"key":"B65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103039","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arabjc.2021.103039","article-title":"Anti-human colon cancer properties of a novel chemotherapeutic supplement formulated by gold nanoparticles containing Allium sativum L. leaf aqueous extract and investigation of its cytotoxicity and antioxidant activities","volume":"14","author":"Liu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Arabian J. Chem."},{"key":"B66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"595335","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2020.595335","article-title":"Heavy metal contaminations in herbal medicines: determination, comprehensive risk assessments, and solutions","volume":"11","author":"Luo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Pharmacol."},{"key":"B67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.25135\/rnp.508.2502.3429","article-title":"Botanical, phytochemistry, pharmacology and applications of genus Aframomum: a review","volume":"19","author":"Ma","year":"2025","journal-title":"Rec. Nat. Prod."},{"key":"B68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2005.08.063","article-title":"Antioxidant and 15-lipoxygenase inhibitory activities of the Malian medicinal plants Diospyros abyssinica (Hiern) F. White (Ebenaceae), Lannea velutina A. Rich (Anacardiaceae) and Crossopteryx febrifuga (Afzel) Benth. (Rubiaceae)","volume":"104","author":"Maiga","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacology"},{"key":"B69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sajb.2017.11.002","article-title":"Anti-mycobacterial,-oxidative,-proliferative and-inflammatory activities of dichloromethane leaf extracts of Gymnosporia senegalensis (Lam.) loes","volume":"114","author":"Makgatho","year":"2018","journal-title":"South Afr. J. Bot."},{"key":"B70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eujim.2018.02.003","article-title":"Traditional plant-based medicines used to treat musculoskeletal disorders in Northern Pakistan","volume":"19","author":"Malik","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur. J. Integr. Med."},{"key":"B71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"623","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2013.02.002","article-title":"Vasorelaxant and antihypertensive effects of methanolic extracts from Hymenocardia acida Tul","volume":"146","author":"Manga","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacology"},{"key":"B72","article-title":"Review on pharmacological activity of Cymbopogon citratus","author":"Manvitha","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. J. Herb. Med."},{"key":"B73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2005.01.061","article-title":"Antifungal activities of six south African Terminalia species (Combretaceae)","volume":"99","author":"Masoko","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"B74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100378","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hermed.2020.100378","article-title":"Combination of aqueous extracts of Phyllanthus niruri, Boerhavia diffusa, and Picrorhiza kurroaor Zingiber officinalealone inhibit intracellular inflammatory signaling Cascade","volume":"23","author":"Mathias","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Herb. Med."},{"key":"B75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.52590\/M3.P670.A30001988","article-title":"Um breve olhar sobre algumas plantas medicinais angolanas","volume":"39","author":"Mendon\u00e7a","year":"2015","journal-title":"Bol. Soc. Port. Qu\u00edm."},{"key":"B76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"332","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sajb.2016.02.107","article-title":"Antidiabetic and cytotoxic activities of Aloe ferox Mill","volume":"100","author":"Mhaladi","year":"2016","journal-title":"South Afr. J. Bot."},{"key":"B77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sajb.2022.04.024","article-title":"Exploration of hepatoprotective and antidiabetic potential of Senna occidentalis L. and isolation of a bioactive compound by column chromatography","volume":"148","author":"Mishra","year":"2022","journal-title":"South Afr. J. Bot."},{"key":"B79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2015.02.041","article-title":"Securidaca longipedunculata Fresen (Polygalaceae): a review of its ethnomedicinal uses, phytochemistry, pharmacological properties and toxicology","volume":"165","author":"Mongalo","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"B80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envexpbot.2018.01.006","article-title":"High anthocyanin accumulation in poinsettia leaves is accompanied by thylakoid membrane unstacking, acting as a photoprotective mechanism, to prevent ROS formation","volume":"154","author":"Moustaka","year":"2018","journal-title":"Environ. Exp. Bot."},{"key":"B81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sajb.2019.12.019","article-title":"Evaluation of the antioxidant and anti-arthritic potential of Zingiber officinale Rosc. by in vitro and in silico analysis","volume":"130","author":"Murugesan","year":"2020","journal-title":"South Afr. J. Bot."},{"key":"B82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1016\/j.indcrop.2015.03.078","article-title":"Chemical composition and anti-termitic activity of essential oil from Canarium schweinfurthii Engl","volume":"71","author":"Nagawa","year":"2015","journal-title":"Industrial Crops Prod."},{"key":"B83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"114663","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2021.114663","article-title":"Ethnobotanical, phytochemical, toxicology and anti-diabetic potential of Senna occidentalis (L.) link; A review","volume":"283","author":"Nde","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"B84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2014.11.011","article-title":"Medicinal plants used by traditional healers for the treatment of malaria in the Chipinge district in Zimbabwe","volume":"159","author":"Ngarivhume","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"B85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2010.02.015","article-title":"The antiprotozoal activity of methylated flavonoids from Ageratum conyzoides L","volume":"129","author":"Nour","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacology"},{"key":"B86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"112662","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2020.112662","article-title":"Medicinal plants used by 'root doctors', local traditional healers in Bi\u00e9 province, Angola","volume":"260","author":"Novotna","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"B87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e17700","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2023.e17700","article-title":"Beet leaf (beta vulgaris L.) extract attenuates iron-induced testicular toxicity: experimental and computational approach","volume":"9","author":"Ojo","year":"2023","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"key":"B88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113585","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2020.113585","article-title":"Comparative antimalarial, toxicity and mito-protective effects of Diospyros mespiliformis Hochst. ex A. DC. and Mondia whitei (Hook. f.) Skeels on Plasmodium berghei infection in mice","volume":"268","author":"Olanlokun","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"B89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14808\/sci.plena.2019.111201","article-title":"Etnobot\u00e2nica de plantas t\u00f3xicas como subs\u00eddio para campanhas de preven\u00e7\u00e3o de acidentes: um estudo de caso em Canan\u00e9ia, S\u00e3o Paulo, Brasil","volume":"15","author":"Oler","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci. Plena"},{"key":"B90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"112631","DOI":"10.1016\/j.indcrop.2020.112631","article-title":"Prediction and confirmation of active ingredients in Eucalyptus globulus labill leaves","volume":"154","author":"Pan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Industrial Crops Prod."},{"key":"B91","volume-title":"Ethnographic map of Malanje","author":"Pereira","year":"2023"},{"key":"B92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113414","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2020.113414","article-title":"Formulation and evaluation of wound healing activity of Elaeis guineensis Jacq leaves in a Staphylococcus aureus infected Sprague Dawley rat model","volume":"266","author":"Rajoo","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"B93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.30750\/ijpbr.1.2.9","article-title":"Phytochemical properties and pharmcological activities of Nicotiana tabacum: a review","volume":"1","author":"Rawat","year":"2013","journal-title":"Indian J. Pharm. Biol. Res."},{"key":"B94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-54102-0_2","article-title":"Introduction to medicinal plant safety and efficacy","volume-title":"Anti-Diabetes and Anti-Obesity Medicinal Plants and Phytochemicals","author":"Saad","year":"2017"},{"key":"B95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2768","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules30132768","article-title":"Cochlospermum angolense Welw ex oliv: phytochemical profile, antioxidant activity, and therapeutic prospects","volume":"30","author":"Samba","year":"2025","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"B96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113641","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phytochem.2023.113641","article-title":"Antiproliferative activity of compounds isolated from the root bark of Lannea acida in multiple myeloma cell lines","volume":"209","author":"Saraux","year":"2023","journal-title":"Phytochemistry"},{"key":"B97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4614-0668-6_4","article-title":"Accumulation of heavy metals in selected medicinal plants","volume":"214","author":"Sarma","year":"2012","journal-title":"Rev. Environ. Contam. Toxicol."},{"key":"B98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106283","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2022.106283","article-title":"Anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory activity of Mangifera indica L. reveals the modulation of COX-2\/mPGES-1 axis and Th17\/Treg ratio","volume":"182","author":"Saviano","year":"2022","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Res."},{"key":"B99","first-page":"29","article-title":"Conservation from Brazilian Amazonian women's perspectives","volume":"11","author":"Shanley","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ethnobot. Res. and Appl."},{"key":"B100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.4103\/2229-516X.179016","article-title":"Aqueous leaf extract of Ocimum gratissimum improves hematological parameters in alloxan-induced diabetic rats via its antioxidant properties","volume":"6","author":"Shittu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int. J. Appl. Basic Med. Res."},{"key":"B101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100484","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hermed.2021.100484","article-title":"Medicinal plants used to treat infectious diseases in the central part and a northern district of Bangladesh \u2013 an ethnopharmacological perception","volume":"29","author":"Siddique","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Herb. Med."},{"key":"B102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115116","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2022.115116","article-title":"Sambucus nigra L. leaves inhibit TNF-\u03b1 secretion by LPS-stimulated human neutrophils and strongly scavenge reactive oxygen species","volume":"290","author":"Skowro\u0144ska","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"B103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"616737","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/616737","article-title":"Carica papaya leaves juice significantly accelerates the rate of increase in platelet count among patients with dengue fever and dengue haemorrhagic fever","volume":"2013","author":"Subenthiran","year":"2013","journal-title":"Evidence\u2010Based Complementary Altern. Med."},{"key":"B104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"838","DOI":"10.1080\/13880200802366710","article-title":"Evaluation of Moringa oleifera aqueous extract for antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities in animal models","volume":"46","author":"Sulaiman","year":"2008","journal-title":"Pharm. Biology"},{"key":"B105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1016\/s0367-326x(99)00097-0","article-title":"Antibacterial activity of the essential oil of Cymbopogon densiflorus","volume":"71","author":"Takaisi-Kikuni","year":"2000","journal-title":"Fitoterapia"},{"key":"B106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103675","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arabjc.2021.103675","article-title":"Phenolic composition, antioxidant and enzyme inhibitory activities of Parkia biglobosa (Jacq.) Benth., Tithonia diversifolia (Hemsl) A. Gray, and Crossopteryx febrifuga (Afzel.) Benth","volume":"15","author":"Tamfu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Arabian J. Chem."},{"key":"B107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.12957\/transversos.2019.41864","article-title":"As plantas - usos e costumes dos povos da prov\u00edncia da Hu\u00edla, um estudo explorat\u00f3rio com Securidaca longipedunculata e Uapaca kirkiana","volume":"15","author":"Tchamba","year":"2019","journal-title":"Rev. TransVersos"},{"key":"B108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"118511","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2024.118511","article-title":"Ethnobotany in Angola: the contribution of late 19th century Christian missionaries to the knowledge of medicinal wild plants","volume":"334","author":"Tchamba","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"B109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"114616","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2021.114616","article-title":"Clinical efficacy of capsules containing standardized extract of Bauhinia forficata link (pata-de-vaca) as adjuvant treatment in type 2 diabetes patients: a randomized, double blind clinical trial","volume":"282","author":"Tonelli","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"B119","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6592363","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/6592363","article-title":"Effect of gender on the knowledge of medicinal plants: systematic review and meta-analysis","author":"Torres-Avilez","year":"2016","journal-title":"Evid. Based Complement Alterna. Med."},{"key":"B110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2015.11.041","article-title":"Wild medicinal and food plants used by communities living in Mopane woodlands of southern Angola: results of an ethnobotanical field investigation","volume":"177","author":"Urso","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"B111","first-page":"213235","article-title":"Semeando saberes: a etnobot\u00e2nica e o quintal na valoriza\u00e7\u00e3o do conhecimento da mulher agricultora","volume":"20","author":"Varela","year":"2022","journal-title":"Rev. Etnobiolog\u00eda"},{"key":"B112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"748","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2018.10.388","article-title":"Heavy metal pollution and potential health risks of commercially available Chinese herbal medicines","volume":"653","author":"Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"B113","volume-title":"Quality control methods for herbal materials","year":"2011"},{"key":"B114","volume-title":"WHO Traditional Medicine Strategy: 2014-2023","year":"2013"},{"key":"B115","volume-title":"WHO Country Cooperation Strategy at a Glance: Angola","year":"2018"},{"key":"B116","volume-title":"International Classification of Diseases 11th Revision (ICD-11)","year":"2019"},{"key":"B117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"138377","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2023.138377","article-title":"The root-associated Fusarium isolated based on fungal community analysis improves phytoremediation efficiency of Ricinus communis L. in multi metal-contaminated soils","volume":"324","author":"Yao","year":"2023","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"B118","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"904","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2021.07.142","article-title":"Construction and antitumor activity of selenium nanoparticles decorated with the polysaccharide extracted from Citrus limon (L.) Burm. f. (Rutaceae)","volume":"188","author":"Zhou","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol."}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Pharmacology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fphar.2025.1702353\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,25]],"date-time":"2026-02-25T08:10:32Z","timestamp":1772007032000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fphar.2025.1702353\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,25]]},"references-count":119,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fphar.2025.1702353"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fphar.2025.1702353","relation":{},"ISSN":["1663-9812"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1663-9812","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,25]]},"article-number":"1702353"}}