{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T03:30:05Z","timestamp":1789615805517,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":122,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,6]],"date-time":"2026-01-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767657600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Pharmacol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>The tyrosine kinase expressed in hepatocellular carcinoma (TEC) family kinases (TFKs) are a subfamily of non-receptor protein tyrosine kinases (PTKs) that include five members: TEC, bruton\u2019s tyrosine kinase (BTK), interleukin 2-inducible T-cell kinase (ITK\/EMT\/TSK), bone marrow tyrosine kinase on chromosome X (BMX\/ETK), and tyrosine-protein kinase (TXK\/RLK). They play key roles in cell signaling and immune regulation. Emerging evidence highlights their involvement in cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) such as ischemic heart disease (IHD), atherosclerosis (AS), sepsis-related dysfunction, atrial fibrillation (AF), myocardial hypertrophy, coronary atherosclerotic heart disease, myocardial infarction (MI), and post-myocardial infarction complications. However, no review has comprehensively addressed the cardiovascular toxicity of TFKs inhibitors. This review provides a comprehensive and systematic analysis of the cardiovascular toxicity profiles of TFK inhibitors (TFKis), focusing on underlying molecular mechanisms, comparing toxicity across different agents and generations, and discussing clinical implications.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2025.1726458","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,6]],"date-time":"2026-01-06T05:20:22Z","timestamp":1767676822000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Advancements in research on the cardiovascular toxicity caused by TEC family kinases inhibitors"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Yi","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huangxi","family":"Fu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xingchen","family":"Kang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zixuan","family":"Qiu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hao","family":"Yan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qiaojun","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bo","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhifei","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peihua","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3453","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.21.00693","article-title":"Cardiovascular risk associated with ibrutinib use in chronic lymphocytic leukemia: a population-based cohort study","volume":"39","author":"Abdel-Qadir","year":"2021","journal-title":"JCO"},{"key":"B2","volume-title":"LiverTox: Clinical and Research Information on Drug-Induced Liver Injury","year":"2012"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-8722-6-59","article-title":"Ibrutinib and novel BTK inhibitors in clinical development","volume":"6","author":"Akinleye","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. 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