{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,28]],"date-time":"2026-01-28T19:23:53Z","timestamp":1769628233716,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":77,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,28]],"date-time":"2026-01-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769558400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Pharmacol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is the most common hematologic malignancy in children and is characterized by rapid progression and, in some cases, a high risk of relapse. Targeted therapies have revolutionized treatment with greater specificity, reduced systemic toxicity and a better prognosis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This review provides a comprehensive analysis of current targeted therapies for pediatric B-cell ALL, focusing on their mechanisms of action, efficacy, safety profiles, advantages, and remaining challenges.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A systematic review of clinical trials published over the past 15 years was conducted. The analyzed therapies include monoclonal antibodies, antibody\u2012drug conjugates, tyrosine kinase inhibitors, proteasome inhibitors, and chimeric antigen\u2013receptor T-cell (CAR-T cell) immunotherapy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Targeted therapies improved progression-free survival and overall response rates, particularly in patients with relapsed\/refractory ALL. CD19-directed CAR-T-cell therapy and bispecific antibodies (e.g., blinatumomab) have demonstrated high remission rates in early-phase clinical trials. Additionally, BCR-ABL1-positive ALL patients show benefit from tyrosine kinase inhibitors when combined with chemotherapy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Targeted therapies represent a paradigm shift in ALL treatments, enabling more personalized and effective strategies. Their integration into standard protocols, especially for high-risk and relapsed patients, is crucial to enhancing long-term outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Systematic Review Registration<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:ext-link>https:\/\/www.crd.york.ac.uk\/PROSPERO\/view\/CRD420251110522<\/jats:ext-link>\n                      , identifier CRD420251110522\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2026.1654783","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,28]],"date-time":"2026-01-28T06:44:17Z","timestamp":1769582657000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Targeted therapies in pediatric B-Cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia: mechanisms, efficacy, and future directions"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Valeria","family":"Correa-Carranza","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Farmacolog\u00eda, Instituto Nacional de Pediatr\u00eda","place":["Ciudad de M\u00e9xico, Mexico"]},{"name":"Maestr\u00eda en Ciencias de la Salud, Escuela Superior de Medicina. 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