{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,27]],"date-time":"2026-03-27T07:36:48Z","timestamp":1774597008367,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,27]],"date-time":"2026-03-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1774569600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Pharmacol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Many policies at the federal and state level have been implemented to curb the opioid crisis. A signature policy, the OxyContin reformulation, was introduced in 2010. However, an increasing body of research has documented negative impacts of the OxyContin reformulation, such as a rise in heroin use and overdose deaths.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study evaluates other unintended impacts of the OxyContin reformulation on the arrest rates for drug abuse violations, the arrest rates for drug offenses, the rates for property related crimes, child maltreatment and food pantry participation rate.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A difference-in-differences framework, event study specifications, and a state-year-level representative longitudinal sample to exploit cross-state variation in the OxyContin misuse rate prior to the reformulation. All specifications include state and year fixed effects, as well as state-level time-varying covariates, including demographic composition (e.g., population shares ages 0\u201319, 20\u201339, and 65+) and relevant state policy indicators.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We find evidence consistent with a positive causal relationship between the OxyContin reformulation, arrest rates for drug abuse violations, and rates for motor vehicle theft.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Findings indicate that future drug policies should more carefully consider the various needs of opioid users and potential negative externalities following the implementation of new policies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2026.1681241","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,27]],"date-time":"2026-03-27T06:40:02Z","timestamp":1774593602000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["OxyContin reformulation and drug-related-arrest rates, property-related crimes, child maltreatment and food pantry participation"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Hang","family":"Zhao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The Business and Economics Department, The Computer and Information Science Department, Allegheny College","place":["Meadville, PA, United States"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiaohan","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Business and Economics Department, Allegheny College","place":["Meadville, PA, United States"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","volume-title":"Heroin use is driven by its low cost and high availability","author":"Abuse","year":"2018"},{"key":"B2","volume-title":"Introduction","author":"Abuse","year":"2021"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1257\/pol.20170082","article-title":"Supply-side drug policy in the presence of substitutes: evidence from the introduction of abuse-deterrent opioids","volume":"10","author":"Alpert","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am. 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