{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,23]],"date-time":"2026-02-23T06:10:58Z","timestamp":1771827058418,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,23]],"date-time":"2026-02-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1771804800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Pharmacol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Acute severe lower gastrointestinal bleeding (SLGIB) is one of the life-threatening complications of Crohn\u2019s disease (CD) whose therapy is being optimized constantly. We aim to evaluate the therapeutic efficacies and economic benefits of different treatments for acute SLGIB in CD.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Method<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A multicenter retrospective cohort study was conducted in Hunan Province of China on CD patients with acute SLGIB; here, we analyzed the clinical (hemostatic effects, hemoglobin improvement, rebleeding risk, anti-inflammatory influence, and complications) and economic (duration and cost of hospital stay) characteristics of infliximab, surgical, and traditional hemostatic therapies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      All three groups showed no obvious signs of bleeding in the first week. The negative conversion rates of C-reactive protein (CRP) and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) in the infliximab therapy group were significantly higher than those in the other two groups (adjusted-\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &amp;lt; 0.05 for both CRP and ESR), while the increase in hemoglobin did not differ significantly among the three groups (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.298). The incidence of post-treatment complications was significantly higher in the surgery (resection) group than the other two groups (adjusted-\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &amp;lt; 0.05). Cumulative rebleeding risk was lowest in the infliximab therapy group (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.001 vs. surgery and\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.032 vs. traditional therapy). The multivariate COX regression also revealed that surgery [hazard ratio (HR) = 7.270, 95% confidence interval (CI): (1.574, 33.592),\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.011] and traditional therapy [HR = 4.395, 95% CI: (1.011, 19.113),\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.048] were independently related to higher rebleeding risk than infliximab therapy. The duration and cost of hospital stay of the infliximab therapy group were significantly lower than those of the surgery group (adjusted-\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &amp;lt; 0.05) and similar to those of the traditional therapy group (adjusted-\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &amp;gt; 0.05).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Compared to surgery and traditional therapy (such as somatostatins or octreotide), infliximab therapy could control acute SLGIB in CD as well as achieve similar improvement in hemoglobin level with additional anti-inflammatory effects and lower rebleeding risk. Furthermore, infliximab therapy was found to be more economical than surgery.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2026.1687439","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,23]],"date-time":"2026-02-23T05:28:03Z","timestamp":1771824483000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Different treatments for Crohn\u2019s disease complicated by severe acute lower gastrointestinal bleeding: infliximab therapy is critical and cannot be ignored"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Shuoyi","family":"Yao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University","place":["Changsha, Hunan, China"]},{"name":"Hunan Key Laboratory of Non-Resolving Inflammation and Cancer, Central South University","place":["Changsha, Hunan, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zheyu","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University","place":["Changsha, Hunan, China"]},{"name":"Hunan Key Laboratory of Non-Resolving Inflammation and Cancer, Central South University","place":["Changsha, Hunan, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mingyan","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, Changde Hospital, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University (The First People\u2019s Hospital of Changde City)","place":["Changde, Hunan, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shengnan","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, Yueyang Central Hospital","place":["Yueyang, Hunan, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yingjuan","family":"Feng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China","place":["Hengyang, Hunan, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiaoming","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University","place":["Changsha, Hunan, China"]},{"name":"Hunan Key Laboratory of Non-Resolving Inflammation and Cancer, Central South University","place":["Changsha, Hunan, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fen","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University","place":["Changsha, Hunan, China"]},{"name":"Hunan Key Laboratory of Non-Resolving Inflammation and Cancer, Central South University","place":["Changsha, Hunan, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"382","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-0500-7-382","article-title":"Infliximab therapy for Crohn's-like disease in common variable immunodeficiency complicated by massive intestinal hemorrhage: a case report","volume":"7","author":"Akazawa","year":"2014","journal-title":"BMC Res. 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