{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T18:36:31Z","timestamp":1791311791763,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":152,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,13]],"date-time":"2026-02-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770940800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Pharmacol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS), the most common inflammatory disease of the oral mucosa, has a complex etiology and diverse pathogenesis. To date, no curative treatment exists. Recurrent oral ulcers severely impair patients' quality of life, making the development of highly effective and safe therapeutic strategies an urgent priority in current clinical research.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Method<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Literature references were sourced from publications retrieved via searches on GeenMedical, X-mol, CNKI, and PubMed using the search terms \u201crecurrent aphthous stomatitis\u201d OR \u201crecurrent aphthous ulcer\u201d OR \u201coral ulcer\u201d AND \u201ctreatment\u201d in English and Chinese. The focus was on two dimensions: drug types and delivery systems.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Synthetic drugs such as corticosteroids have clear efficacy, but their potential adverse reactions limit their long-term use. In contrast, natural medicinal components such as licorice and quercetin are gaining increasing attention because of their multitarget mechanisms of action, favorable safety profiles, and therapeutic effects. With respect to delivery systems, novel adhesion agents, microneedles, and nanomedicines currently in development have been evaluated. These advantages include prolonged retention time on ulcer surfaces, enhanced biosafety, improved therapeutic efficacy, and current limitations.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Natural medicines have potential as novel therapeutic options with high efficacy and safety in clinical settings. By enhancing local drug retention and amplifying therapeutic effects, novel delivery systems open new avenues for RAS therapy. Integrating the therapeutic advantages of natural medicines with the precision and sustained-release characteristics of advanced delivery systems represents a key direction for future research.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2026.1715554","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,13]],"date-time":"2026-02-13T09:06:53Z","timestamp":1770973613000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Advances in the treatment of recurrent aphthous stomatitis: from synthetic and natural drugs to novel drug delivery systems"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Xiangran","family":"Kong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of Dalian Medical University","place":["Dalian, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lin","family":"Fan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Periodontics and Oral Mucosa Disease, Stomatological Hospital of Dalian University (Dalian Stomatological Hospital)","place":["Dalian, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dawei","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Periodontics and Oral Mucosa Disease, Stomatological Hospital of Dalian University (Dalian Stomatological Hospital)","place":["Dalian, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lin","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Periodontics and Oral Mucosa Disease, Stomatological Hospital of Dalian University (Dalian Stomatological Hospital)","place":["Dalian, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiang","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Periodontics and Oral Mucosa Disease, Stomatological Hospital of Dalian University (Dalian Stomatological Hospital)","place":["Dalian, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1186\/s12903-023-02861-y","article-title":"The effect of sage (salvizan gel) compared to triamcinolone acetonide on the treatment of recurrent aphthous stomatitis: a double-blinded randomized clinical trial","volume":"23","author":"Abbasi","year":"2023","journal-title":"BMC Oral Health"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2151","DOI":"10.1007\/s00784-020-03527-7","article-title":"Evaluation of the effect of probiotic lozenges in the treatment of recurrent aphthous stomatitis: a randomized, controlled clinical trial","volume":"25","author":"Aggour","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin. 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