{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,3]],"date-time":"2026-03-03T14:40:40Z","timestamp":1772548840422,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,3]],"date-time":"2026-03-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772496000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Pharmacol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To evaluate and compare the efficacy of 0.01%, 0.025%, and 0.05% atropine eye drops in slowing myopia progression among Chinese children aged 6\u201318 years, focusing on changes in spherical equivalent (SE) and axial length (AL).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In this prospective, real world based, multi-center study, 175 children with myopia were followed for 12 months at three tertiary ophthalmic hospitals in China. Participants received nightly instillations of 0.01%, 0.025%, or 0.05% atropine in affected eyes. Primary outcomes included changes in SE and AL. Secondary outcomes involved corneal curvature, intraocular pressure, and biometric parameters. Statistical analyses included repeated-measures ANOVA, linear regression, and seemingly unrelated regression models.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>All three concentrations demonstrated effectiveness in reducing myopia progression. At 12 months, SE progression was lowest in the 0.05% group (\u22120.27 \u00b1 0.72 D), followed by 0.025% (\u22120.35 \u00b1 0.59 D) and 0.01% (\u22120.44 \u00b1 1.02 D), with a significant difference between 0.05% and 0.01% (P = 0.014). AL elongation was numerically lowest in the 0.025% group (0.21 \u00b1 0.19\u00a0mm), while differences among groups were not statistically significant (P = 0.299). Regression analysis showed that AL change explained over 34% of SE variation in the 0.025% and 0.05% groups, compared to 14% in the 0.01% group.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Low-concentration atropine is effective in controlling myopia progression in children. Among the three concentrations, 0.025% atropine offers better efficacy and tolerability, providing comparable axial elongation control to 0.05% with potentially fewer side effects. These findings support its use as a first-line pharmacologic option for pediatric myopia management in clinical practice.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2026.1716698","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,3]],"date-time":"2026-03-03T10:42:12Z","timestamp":1772534532000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Real-world evidence for atropine titration in myopia control: a comparative study of three low-dose regimens in Chinese children"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Hui-Xia","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of refractive surgery, Inner Mongolia Chaoju Eye Hospital","place":["Hohhot, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Peng","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of refractive surgery, Inner Mongolia Chaoju Eye Hospital","place":["Hohhot, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wen-Ping","family":"Qi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of refractive surgery, Baotou Chaoju Eye Hospital","place":["Baotou, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Li-Li","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of refractive surgery, Baotou Chaoju Eye Hospital","place":["Baotou, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hong-Mei","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of refractive surgery, Chifeng Chaoju Eye Hospital","place":["Hohhot, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dong-Sheng","family":"Liang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of refractive surgery, Inner Mongolia Chaoju Eye Hospital","place":["Hohhot, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gang","family":"Bai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of refractive surgery, Inner Mongolia Chaoju Eye Hospital","place":["Hohhot, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jian-Hua","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of refractive surgery, Inner Mongolia Chaoju Eye Hospital","place":["Hohhot, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Li-Xin","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of refractive surgery, Inner Mongolia Chaoju Eye Hospital","place":["Hohhot, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiao-Ying","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of refractive surgery, Inner Mongolia Chaoju Eye Hospital","place":["Hohhot, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jian","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of refractive surgery, Inner Mongolia Chaoju Eye Hospital","place":["Hohhot, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Han","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of refractive surgery, Inner Mongolia Chaoju Eye Hospital","place":["Hohhot, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Caihan","family":"Qiqige","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of refractive surgery, Hohhot Chaoju Eye Hospital","place":["Hohhot, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gui-Sen","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of refractive surgery, Inner Mongolia Chaoju Eye Hospital","place":["Hohhot, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2011.07.031","article-title":"Atropine for the treatment of childhood myopia: safety and efficacy of 0.5%, 0.1%, and 0.01% doses (atropine for the treatment of Myopia 2)","volume":"119","author":"Chia","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2015.07.004","article-title":"Five-year clinical trial on atropine for the treatment of myopia 2: myopia control with atropine 0.01% eyedrops","volume":"123","author":"Chia","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.1089\/jop.2015.0043","article-title":"Atropine 0.01% eyedrops significantly reduce the progression of childhood myopia","volume":"31","author":"Clark","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. 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